Terras nas mãos dos pequenos: relações produtivas e econômicas dos pequenos produtores de cana para as usinas de açúcar e álcool do interior paulista

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fundamentos filosóficos e antropológicos da teoria do se-movimentar e a formação de sujeitos emancipados, autônomos e críticos: o exemplo do currículo de educação física do Estado de São Paulo

This article examines philosophical and anthropological underpinnings of the Sich-Bewegen Theory, based on the phenomenological philosophy by Merleau-Ponty and social anthropology by Mauss and Geertz. It also considers implications for Physical Education Elementary and High School curricula aimed at forming emancipated, autonomous and critical individuals, taking the Physical Education Curriculum of the State of Sao Paulo as example. It concludes that the curriculum needs to imbricate into students'social life and take into account the challenges and issues from contemporary society.

Nível de conhecimento dos cirurgiões dentistas sobre a qualidade dos prontuários odontológicos para fins de identificação humana

Objective: The aim of this research was to determine the knowledge level of 400 dentists registered in the Regional Dental Council of Cuiabá, through a questionnaire about the importance of records in the process of human identification. Results: We observed that 48.36% of them dispense between 10 and 20 minutes. Only 13.1% of the surveyed dentists did not have the habit of writing down the oral conditions of their patients before starting treatment and 42.62% have only one odontogram filled. From the 122 participants, 11.11% reported that the documentation had no utility to establish the patients identity. To make the situation worse, 33.6% of them said they did not keep the records of patients updated. Conclusion: We conclude that the dentist of Cuiabá has enough knowledge on preparing, maintaining and importance of dental records before the death in the identification process for establishing the patient identity. But, always he did not properly fills the dental records, thus it has been reducing their clinical, administrative and legal value.

O mito Mandela e o sonho de uma nação arco-íris

Nelson Mandela has been an example of fighting and going over the adversities since his prison in 1962 until his election to be the president of South Africa in 1994. His effort against the apartheid in South Africa might be compared to a classical hero according to the anthropological view of Eliade (1972), Campbell (1991; 2007) and Propp’s structuralist perspective (1984). His journey toward heroism and his strategies to get the adhesion of the white minority (Afrikaners) to his purposes of joining the races in South Africa will be analyzed in this article with the theoretical support of the Greimasian semiotics, Propp’s studies (1984) and anthropology. The movie Invictus will be the object of analysis as it shows the moment of Mandela’s social-political fight as the president, with the support of the local rugby team in order to have the racial integration in the country and the political support of the white minority.

Impactos da legislação na pesquisa etnobotânica no Brasil, com ênfase na região amazônica

The Amazon region has a large sociobiodiversity, where lives people with traditional knowledge about the uses of its natural resources. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1992 recognized the autonomy of each nation over its genetic resources and the rights of traditional populations about the knowledge of the use of these natural resources. In 2001 it was published the law M.P. 2.186-16/2001 which created the Conselho Nacional de Gestão do Patrimônio Genético (CGEN) and the first rules about access to genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge in Brazil. Since his creation, the actions of CGEN have received criticism from various sectors, both private and public, and, unlike its initial proposal, has become one of the main obstacles of ethnobotanical studies, the bureaucracy, the long process analysis and communication difficulties with this organ.

Ocorrências e usos do Tucumã (astrocaryum vulgare mart) em comunidades ribeirinhas, quilombolas e de agricultores tradicionais no município de Irituia, Pará

The aim of the study is to demonstrate the occurrence and usage of the Tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.) in rural areas of the Municipality of Irituia, in the State of Pará (Brazil), since the use of the palm part of the traditional culture of communities of farmers, riparian and quilombola, used in curing diseases in human and domestic animals, building shelters, obtaining fibers, production of tools and crafts, hunting and fishing. In addition to the uses reported by the population, tucumã has potential for the production of oil and biodiesel. In this sense, the Federal University of Pará – UFPA, in a partnership with the Irituia’s Municipal Government, is studying the implementation of an oleaginous processing plant in the municipality, among them, and includes the Tucumã as a potential source. Such proposal stipulates the production in the agroforestry system, as an alternative to the slash and burn agriculture in the region, reconciling environmental conservation with territorial rural development. Considering the results obtained in the field, it has been found an average of 9.4 stumps per hectare, each stump having 7.7 stipes and 4.7 racemes with up to 146 fruits. If all the Tucumã’s stumps were kept until they reached their average productivity capacity, it is estimated that the fruit production in the rural area of the municipality would be around 132.060 tons, which could produce up to 12.665,4 tons/year of pulp oil and 4.768,4 tons/year of nut oil, confirming the supply of raw material to move this productive chain.

Geografia, patrimônio e diversidade cultural: linguagem audiovisual em ações educativas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Uma ciência sobre "coisa" alguma: relações funcionais, comportamento e cultura

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Dinâmicas empresariais: um olhar antropológico sobre o processo seletivo para trainee Jovens Talentos Natura 2014

The hypothesis that guides this work is: in the scenario posed by the first decade of the XXI century, the private companies act to conciliate their organizational principles, mission (how they want to arrive), vision (where they want to arrive) and values to the principles of its individual members, setting a certain style of corporate culture. That culture would pass by all hierarchical levels of enterprises, promoting the creation of subjective bonds between themselves and their employees in order to create or maintain, through shared values, social conventions that would ensure the certain style of symbolic domination inside and outside the physical and relational enterprises' spaces. I have as general objective, analyze, through a socio-anthropological approach, the dimension of the culture of private companies, how this guides the market practice and, in this sense, I seek to problematize the relationship between the actions of the analyzed companies (Nestle and, more specifically, Natura) and the representations and motivations of their employees. Furthermore, this study aims, specifically, to understand how the vision, the raison of being and the beliefs of Natura configure themselves as important strategic directives for the consolidation of an emotional bond between employees and those who aspire to be part of this organization. For this, I analyzed the Report Natura 2012, the conversations with some company employees and my participation in the selection process for trainee Young Talents Natura 2014

Exá raú mboguatá guassú mohekauka yvy marãe‟y

Resumo: O presente estudo procura analisar sob as lentes da antropologia, a forma como as lideranças religiosas Mbya, cumprem os sonhos recebidos de Nhanderú Ete, iniciando a caminhada em direção a terra sem mal, a yvy marãe‟y; retornam ao local de ocupação antiga ou a indicada por Nhanderú, terra com a qual mantém laços históricos de luta. Os conflitos se intensificam com a demarcação/ampliação dos territórios ou de terra para o Guarani Mbya, como no caso do Pará, que andaram por cerca de cem anos até encontrar a terra onde exercitar o modo correto de se viver; o dissenso potencializa o etnocentrismo, a discriminação, o racismo, o estigma de ser índio, bugre, preguiçoso, alcoólatra, “raça inferior”. A pesquisa versa sobre o modo como "escolhem”, “adotam,” “retomam,” ressignificam, reterritorializam, guaranizam a terra onde pausaram a caminhada.

Dinâmicas empresariais: um olhar antropológico sobre o processo seletivo para trainee Jovens Talentos Natura 2014

The hypothesis that guides this work is: in the scenario posed by the first decade of the XXI century, the private companies act to conciliate their organizational principles, mission (how they want to arrive), vision (where they want to arrive) and values to the principles of its individual members, setting a certain style of corporate culture. That culture would pass by all hierarchical levels of enterprises, promoting the creation of subjective bonds between themselves and their employees in order to create or maintain, through shared values, social conventions that would ensure the certain style of symbolic domination inside and outside the physical and relational enterprises' spaces. I have as general objective, analyze, through a socio-anthropological approach, the dimension of the culture of private companies, how this guides the market practice and, in this sense, I seek to problematize the relationship between the actions of the analyzed companies (Nestle and, more specifically, Natura) and the representations and motivations of their employees. Furthermore, this study aims, specifically, to understand how the vision, the raison of being and the beliefs of Natura configure themselves as important strategic directives for the consolidation of an emotional bond between employees and those who aspire to be part of this organization. For this, I analyzed the Report Natura 2012, the conversations with some company employees and my participation in the selection process for trainee Young Talents Natura 2014

NONSPECIFIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN PREHISTORIC SAN PEDRO DE ATACAMA, NORTHERN CHILE

The region of San Pedro de Atacama, Northern Chile, has undergone several cultural and social changes after humans settled in Atacama Desert around 500 BC. The Atacameno people experienced the highest degree of social and cultural changes between 400 and 900 AD when they were assimilated into the Tiwanaku trade and political web that influenced most of the Central-Southern Andes. Under the influence of Tiwanaku, San Pedro de Atacama experienced its greatest economic development. Prior analyses of local human skeletal remains have shown a significant increase in the stature of the local population during the same period. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the Tiwanaku influence on the local epidemiological profile using the incidence of periostitis and osteomyelitis as indicators of biological stress. Surprisingly, the best epidemiological condition occurred during the final phase of influence of Tiwanaku (910-960 AD), and not during the apex influence (480-920 AD), as expected by the archaeological context. We suggest that population growth and aggregation may have counteracted the benefits of improved nutrition during the peak Tiwanaku influence. A severe drought occurred between 1,100 and 1,400 AD in Northern Chile. This could also explain the marked increase of bone infections in the post-Tiwanaku period (920-1,240 AD).

First Micromorphological Studies Of Brazilian Sambaquis, Jabuticabeira II Site, Santa Catarina State

First Micromorphological Studies of Brazilian Sambaquis, Jabuticabeira II Site, Santa Catarina State. In this note, preliminary results from the micromorphological study of the fish mound that covers the Jabuticabeira II sambaqui site, developed within the interdisciplinary research project Sambaquis e paisagem, are presented. Microstratigraphic analyses enabled the identification of anthropic pre-depositional processes that participated in the formation of this large structure, related to the burning and transport of mineral and organic material (terrigenous sand and charcoal) and inorganic residues of biological origin (bones, phytoliths, diatoms and siliceous aggregates). The effects of post-depositional alterations over these particles can be observed through dissolution traces in bone and the formation of a fine mineral material of phosphatic composition. The articulation of the evidence confirms the complex combination of activities and alteration processes involved in the formation of sambaqui sites, which transcends traditional functional dichotomies.

Semiótica e publicidade de alimentos: uma revisão teórica e aplicada

Este texto é parte das reflexões teóricas do nosso Pós-doutorado realizado junto ao Laboratório de Antropologia Visual da Universidade Aberta de Portugal que abordou aspectos interculturais do estudo fotoetnográfico da publicidade e do consumo alimentar no Brasil e em Portugal. Aqui serão ressaltados os aspectos referentes às contribuições da semiótica para o estudo das comunicações publicitárias de alimentos. A proposta é entender os modelos de análise semiótica da publicidade como um meio de operacionalização da descrição densa, na perspectiva etnográfica, a partir da interface interdisciplinar com a produção de sentido das imagens publicitárias, no campo da alimentação, apresentado a análise de um anúncio do azeite Gallo como exemplo.