30 MeV/u~(40)Ar+~(nat)Ag反应中类弹碎片发射的时-空演化

报道了 ３０ＭｅＶ／ ｕ(４０)Ａｒ＋(ｎａｔ)Ａｇ反应中中等质量碎片（ＩＭＦ）发射时间（τ）随发射源空间大小的演化规律，并对类弹碎片的发射时空进行了讨论．结果表明，ＩＭＦ的发射时标与中等质量碎片关联函数以及发射源的核物质密度（ρ）有关，而与发射源的质量数的关系不大．对于能量较高的类弹碎片来说，在较小的核物质密度下提取的发射时间也较小，因此，在正常核物质密度参数下提取出的发射时间值可作为碎片实际发射时间的上限值．中速碎片的发射时间随密度大小的变化非常缓慢，提取出的发射时间值即可作为实际的发射时间。

High negative ion production yield in 30 keV F2+ + adenine (C5H5N5) collisions

In collisions between slow F2+ ions (30 keV) and molecular targets, adenine, scattered particle production yields have been measured directly by simultaneous detection of neutrals, positive and negative ions. The relative cross-section for a negative ion formation channel was measured to be 1%. Despite a slight decrease compared to a larger target, the fullerene C-60, the measured negative ion formation cross section is still at least one order of magnitude larger than the yield in ion-atom interactions.

Isolated sub-30-as pulse generation of an He+ ion by an intense few-cycle chirped laser and its high-order harmonic pulses

We present an efficient method to generate a ultrashort attosecond (as) pulse when a model He+ ion is exposed to the combination of an intense few-cycle chirped laser pulse and its 27th harmonics. By solving the time-dependent Schroumldinger equation, we found that high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from He+ ion is enhanced by seven orders of magnitude due to the presence of the harmonic pulse. After optimizing the chirp of the fundamental pulse, we show that the cut-off energy of the generated harmonics is extended effectively to I-p+25.5U(p). As a result, an isolated 26-as pulse with a bandwidth of 170.5 eV can be obtained directly from the supercontinuum around the cut-off of HHG. To better understand the physical origin of HHG enhancement and attosecond pulse emission, we perform semiclassical simulations and analyze the time-frequency characteristics of attosecond pulse.

纳秒激光诱导C60分子碎裂中轻碎片离子C+n(n＜30)的产生机理研究

The time of flight mass spectrometric technique was used to determine the initial mean kinetic energy of small fragment ions C-n(+) (n <= 11) produced from C-60 excited by 532 nm nanosecond laser pulses. The measured kinetic energy shows little variation with the fragment mass and the laser fluence in a broad range. Based on the assumption that C-30(+) is produced predominantly by a single electron emission followed by successive C-2 evaporation from hot C-60 in the nanosecond laser field, the formation of small fragments is interpreted as the complete breakup of the unstable C-30(+) cage structure. The interpretation is consistent with the previously observed results.

Molybdenum L-shell X-ray production by 350-600 keV Xeq+ (q=25-30) ions

Molybdenum L-shell X-rays were produced by Xeq+ (q = 25-30) bombardment at low energies from 2.65 to 4.55 keV/amu (350-600 keV). We observed a kinetic energy threshold of Mo L-shell ionization down to 2.65-3.03 keV/amu (350-400 keV). The charge state effect of the incident ions was not observed which shows that the ions were neutralized, reaching an equilibrium charge state and losing their initial charge state memory before production of L-shell vacancies resulted in X-ray production. The experimental ionization cross sections were compared with those from Binary Encounter Approximation theory. Taking into account projectile deflection in the target nuclear Coulomb field, the ionization cross section of Mo L-shell near the kinetic energy threshold was well described. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V.

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE STELLAR REACTION S-30(p, gamma)(31) Cl VIA COULOMB DISSOCIATION

The Coulomb dissociation of the proton-rich nuclei Cl-31 was studied experimentally using Cl-31 beams at 58 MeV/nucleon with a lead target. The relative energy between the reaction products, S-30 and proton, was obtained. The first excited state in Cl-31 was observed which is relevant to the resonant capture of stellar S-30(p, gamma)Cl-31 reaction

30,35MeV/u 36,40Ar＋112,124Sn反应中热核性质同位旋效应的实验研究

针对①中能反应中同位旋自由度是否达到平衡，②同位旋自由度对几中不同方法测量的核温度是否有影响 这两个基本问题，设计了用30和35MeV/u ~(36,40)Ar轰击~(112,124)Sn反应的实验方案。得到如下结果：对于前角5°处的耗散弹核碎裂产物，丰中子同位素与稳定核的产额比随产物出射动能的增加而减小，而丰质子子同位素与稳定核的产额比随动能的增加而增加，呈现明显的剪刀差分布特性。随耗散时间的增大，产物的平均中质比逐渐由弹核的平均中质比向系统的平均中质比过渡。这个结果说明在该反应中，同位旋自由度没有达到完全平衡。而对于20°处的DIC产物，上述剪刀差分布特性变得更不明显，这是同位旋自由度由非平衡向平衡过渡的表现。后角轻粒子的能谱分析表明，初始热核的同位旋会影响斜率核温度的提取，由于丰中子轻粒子~6He在~(40)Ar + ~(112)Sn系统中的蒸发被抑制，相比~(40)Ar + ~(112)Sn而言，其蒸发比较容易发生在衰变链早期，因此提取的温度偏高，同样，丰质子轻粒子~3He的温度在~(40)Ar + ~(112)Sn中略高。但中后角的同位素产额分析表明，反应系统的同位旋对双同位素比核温度几乎没有影响。核温度作为热核的热力学量，是独立于测量方法的，这种不同的方法得出的差异主要来源于同位旋对衰变机制的影响。作为一个尝试，将中高能反应中的熵的提取推广到这个能区，发现两个系统的熵几乎一致。在量子统计模型框架下，考察核温度与熵的关系发现，~(40)Ar + ~(112)Sn反应的挤出时刻密度略高于~(40)Ar + ~(112)Sn。

Capillary zone electrophoresis investigation of the interaction between heparin and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor

The interaction between standard heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was studied by capillary zone electrophoresis. Both qualitative and quantitative characterizations of the heparin-protein binding were determined. The binding constants of the two different groups of heparins with G-CSF, calculated from the Scatchard plot by regression, were 4.805 x 10(5) m(-1) and 4.579 x 10(5) m(-1), respectively. The two binding constants measured are of the same order of magnitude at 10(5) m(-1), indicating that LMWH contains most of the functional groups bound to G-CSF by standard heparin.

Evaluation of the interaction between netropsin and double stranded DNA by capillary zone electrophoresis

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was applied to study the interaction between netropsin and a 14mer double stranded DNA (dsDNA). The binding constant of this interaction calculated from Scatchard plot was (1.07+/-0.10) X 10(5) (mol/L)(-1). The binding stoichiometry was 1:1. The use of polyacrylamide coated capillary showed better effect in the analysis of DNA than noncoated capillary.

Two-dimensional capillary electrophoresis involving capillary isoelectric focusing and capillary zone electrophoresis

Capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was on-line hyphenated by a dialysis interface to achieve a 2D capillary electrophoresis (CE) system. The system was used with just one high-voltage power supply and three electrodes (one cathode shared by the two dimensions). The focused zone in the first dimension (i.e. the cIEF) was driven to the dialysis interface by electroosmotic flow (EOF), besides chemical mobilization from the first anode to the shared cathode. And then in the second dimension (i.e. the CZE), the separated zone was further separated and driven by an inverted EOF, which originated from the charged layer of a cationic surfactant adsorbed onto the inner wall of the capillary. Finally, a solution of ribonuclease was rapidly separated to assess the feasibility of the two-dimensional CE implement. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Determination of arsenic species by capillary zone electrophoresis with large-volume field-amplified stacking injection

Determination of arsenic species by large-volume field amplified stacking injection-capillary zone electrophoresis (LV-FASI-CZE) is reported in this paper. Whole column injection was employed. The optimum buffer pH for the separation of weak acids was discussed. It was found that the optimum buffer to analyze the stacked arsenate (As(V)), monomethylarsonate (MMA), and dimethylarsinate (DMA) was 25 mm phosphate at pH 6.5. However, the optimum buffer to analyze the concentrated arsenite (As(III)) was 20 mm phosphate - 10 mm borate at pH 9.28. The limits of detection of the method developed were 0.026 mg/L for As(III), 0.023 mg/L for As(V), 0.043 mg/L for MMA, and 0.018 mg/L for DMA. An enrichment factor of 34-100 for several arsenic species was obtained. In the end, this method was applied to determine the arsenic concentration in the environmental reference materials to show the usefulness of the method developed.

Quantitative evaluation of the interaction between pUC19DNA and ovalbumin by capillary zone electrophoresis

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was used to study the interaction between pUC19DNA (pUC19) and ovalbumin (Ova). Samples containing pUC19 and Ova at various ratios were incubated at room temperature and were then separated by CZE with tris-acetate buffer at pH 7.2. Reduction in ultraviolet (UV) absorbance of pUC19 was due to the decrease of free pUC19 after binding to Ova. The binding constant of the interaction calculated from the Scatchard plot was (1.46+/-0.15) x 10(5) M-1. The use of polyacrylamide-coated capillary showed better effects than that of uncoated capillary. The results show that it is important to keep a constant ionic strength in the samples in order to obtain accurate quantitative data in binding assays by CZE.

Climate change, sea level rise and integrated coastal zone management: An IPCC approach

Expansion of economic activities, urbanisation, increased resource use and population growth are continuously increasing the vulnerability of the coastal zone. This vulnerability is now further raised by the threat of climate change and accelerated sea level rise. The potentially severe impacts force policy-makers to also consider long-term planning for climate change and sea level rise. For reasons of efficiency and effectiveness this long-term planning should be integrated with existing short-term plans, thus creating an Integrated Coastal Zone Management programme. As a starting point for coastal zone management, the assessment of a country's or region's vulnerability to accelerated sea level rise is of utmost importance. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has developed a common methodology for this purpose. Studies carried out according to this Common Methodology have been compared and combined, from which general conclusions on local, regional and global vulnerability have been drawn, the latter in the form of a Global Vulnerability Assessment. In order to address the challenge of coping with climate change and accelerated sea level rise, it is essential to foresee the possible impacts, and to take precautionary action. Because of the long lead times needed for creating the required technical and institutional infrastructures, such action should be taken in the short term. Furthermore, it should be part of a broader coastal zone management and planning context. This will require a holistic view, shared by the different institutional levels that exist, along which different needs and interests should be balanced.