Anàlisi dels indicadors de la gestió per processos de la docència pràctica a la Unitat de Laboratoris Docents (ULD) de la Facultat de Farmàcia

[eng] In the Unitat de Laboratoris Docents (ULD) of the Faculty of Pharmacy a Quality System has been implemented to improve the management of the training laboratories and to introduce practical aspects of this system in the formation of the students. In the last years, we have designed the process map, and the flowcharts with the corresponding key point tables from which the indicators have been identified. The main objective of this work was to found a system that allows the evaluation of the ULD service, the teaching innovation introduced as well as the grade of implication of the lecturers who teach practical training and thus are directly responsible for the formation of the students. The values obtained for the operating ULD procedures correspond to the data from obligatory courses, with practical teaching in the ULD laboratories, of Pharmacy and Food Science and Technology degrees for the 2005-06 academic year. [spa] En la Unidad de Laboratorios Docentes (ULD) de la Facultad de Farmacia, se ha implantado un sistema de gestión de la calidad con el objetivo de mejorar la gestión de la docencia práctica y a su vez introducir aspectos prácticos de la gestión de la calidad en la formación de los estudiantes. En los últimos años se ha elaborado el mapa de procesos, el diagrama de flujo y la ficha de cada proceso a partir de la cual ha sido posible la identificación de los indicadores. El Prat, J. et al. Edusfarm, revista d"educació superior en Farmàcia. Núm. 2. 2007 2 principal objetivo del presente trabajo es buscar un sistema que permita evaluar el propio funcionamiento de la ULD, la innovación realizada así como el grado de implicación de los profesores que imparten la docencia práctica y que son responsables directos de la formación de los estudiantes. Los valores obtenidos para los procesos operativos de la ULD provienen de los datos generados en el curso académico 2005-2006 en las asignaturas troncales de las Licenciaturas de Farmacia y de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos.

Anàlisi dels indicadors de la gestió per processos de la docència pràctica a la Unitat de Laboratoris Docents (ULD) de la Facultat de Farmàcia

[eng] In the Unitat de Laboratoris Docents (ULD) of the Faculty of Pharmacy a Quality System has been implemented to improve the management of the training laboratories and to introduce practical aspects of this system in the formation of the students. In the last years, we have designed the process map, and the flowcharts with the corresponding key point tables from which the indicators have been identified. The main objective of this work was to found a system that allows the evaluation of the ULD service, the teaching innovation introduced as well as the grade of implication of the lecturers who teach practical training and thus are directly responsible for the formation of the students. The values obtained for the operating ULD procedures correspond to the data from obligatory courses, with practical teaching in the ULD laboratories, of Pharmacy and Food Science and Technology degrees for the 2005-06 academic year. [spa] En la Unidad de Laboratorios Docentes (ULD) de la Facultad de Farmacia, se ha implantado un sistema de gestión de la calidad con el objetivo de mejorar la gestión de la docencia práctica y a su vez introducir aspectos prácticos de la gestión de la calidad en la formación de los estudiantes. En los últimos años se ha elaborado el mapa de procesos, el diagrama de flujo y la ficha de cada proceso a partir de la cual ha sido posible la identificación de los indicadores. El Prat, J. et al. Edusfarm, revista d"educació superior en Farmàcia. Núm. 2. 2007 2 principal objetivo del presente trabajo es buscar un sistema que permita evaluar el propio funcionamiento de la ULD, la innovación realizada así como el grado de implicación de los profesores que imparten la docencia práctica y que son responsables directos de la formación de los estudiantes. Los valores obtenidos para los procesos operativos de la ULD provienen de los datos generados en el curso académico 2005-2006 en las asignaturas troncales de las Licenciaturas de Farmacia y de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos.

Anàlisi dels indicadors de la gestió per processos de la docència pràctica a la Unitat de Laboratoris Docents (ULD) de la Facultat de Farmàcia

[eng] In the Unitat de Laboratoris Docents (ULD) of the Faculty of Pharmacy a Quality System has been implemented to improve the management of the training laboratories and to introduce practical aspects of this system in the formation of the students. In the last years, we have designed the process map, and the flowcharts with the corresponding key point tables from which the indicators have been identified. The main objective of this work was to found a system that allows the evaluation of the ULD service, the teaching innovation introduced as well as the grade of implication of the lecturers who teach practical training and thus are directly responsible for the formation of the students. The values obtained for the operating ULD procedures correspond to the data from obligatory courses, with practical teaching in the ULD laboratories, of Pharmacy and Food Science and Technology degrees for the 2005-06 academic year. [spa] En la Unidad de Laboratorios Docentes (ULD) de la Facultad de Farmacia, se ha implantado un sistema de gestión de la calidad con el objetivo de mejorar la gestión de la docencia práctica y a su vez introducir aspectos prácticos de la gestión de la calidad en la formación de los estudiantes. En los últimos años se ha elaborado el mapa de procesos, el diagrama de flujo y la ficha de cada proceso a partir de la cual ha sido posible la identificación de los indicadores. El Prat, J. et al. Edusfarm, revista d"educació superior en Farmàcia. Núm. 2. 2007 2 principal objetivo del presente trabajo es buscar un sistema que permita evaluar el propio funcionamiento de la ULD, la innovación realizada así como el grado de implicación de los profesores que imparten la docencia práctica y que son responsables directos de la formación de los estudiantes. Los valores obtenidos para los procesos operativos de la ULD provienen de los datos generados en el curso académico 2005-2006 en las asignaturas troncales de las Licenciaturas de Farmacia y de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos.

Anàlisi dels indicadors de la gestió per processos de la docència pràctica a la Unitat de Laboratoris Docents (ULD) de la Facultat de Farmàcia

[eng] In the Unitat de Laboratoris Docents (ULD) of the Faculty of Pharmacy a Quality System has been implemented to improve the management of the training laboratories and to introduce practical aspects of this system in the formation of the students. In the last years, we have designed the process map, and the flowcharts with the corresponding key point tables from which the indicators have been identified. The main objective of this work was to found a system that allows the evaluation of the ULD service, the teaching innovation introduced as well as the grade of implication of the lecturers who teach practical training and thus are directly responsible for the formation of the students. The values obtained for the operating ULD procedures correspond to the data from obligatory courses, with practical teaching in the ULD laboratories, of Pharmacy and Food Science and Technology degrees for the 2005-06 academic year. [spa] En la Unidad de Laboratorios Docentes (ULD) de la Facultad de Farmacia, se ha implantado un sistema de gestión de la calidad con el objetivo de mejorar la gestión de la docencia práctica y a su vez introducir aspectos prácticos de la gestión de la calidad en la formación de los estudiantes. En los últimos años se ha elaborado el mapa de procesos, el diagrama de flujo y la ficha de cada proceso a partir de la cual ha sido posible la identificación de los indicadores. El Prat, J. et al. Edusfarm, revista d"educació superior en Farmàcia. Núm. 2. 2007 2 principal objetivo del presente trabajo es buscar un sistema que permita evaluar el propio funcionamiento de la ULD, la innovación realizada así como el grado de implicación de los profesores que imparten la docencia práctica y que son responsables directos de la formación de los estudiantes. Los valores obtenidos para los procesos operativos de la ULD provienen de los datos generados en el curso académico 2005-2006 en las asignaturas troncales de las Licenciaturas de Farmacia y de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos.

Spatial radial maze procedures and setups to dissociate local and distal relational spatial frameworks in humans.

BACKGROUND: Radial maze tasks have been used to assess optimal foraging and spatial abilities in rodents. The spatial performance was based on a capacity to rely on a configuration of local and distant cues. We adapted maze procedures assessing the relative weight of local cues and distant landmarks for arm choice in humans. NEW METHOD: The procedure allowed testing memory of places in four experimental setups: a fingertip texture-groove maze, a tactile screen maze, a virtual radial maze and a walking size maze. During training, the four reinforced positions remained fixed relative to local and distal cues. During subsequent conflict trials, these frameworks were made conflictive in the prediction of reward locations. RESULTS: Three experiments showed that the relative weight of local and distal relational cues is affected by different factors such as cues' nature, visual access to the environment, real vs. virtual environment, and gender. A fourth experiment illustrated how a walking maze can be used with people suffering intellectual disability. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: In our procedure, long-term (reference) and short-term (working) memory can be assessed. It is the first radial task adapted to human that enables dissociating local and distal cues, to provides an indication as to their relative salience. Our mazes are moveable and easily used in limited spaces. Tasks are performed with realistic and spontaneous though controlled exploratory movements. CONCLUSION: Our tasks enabled highlighting the use of different strategies. In a clinical perspective, considering the use of compensatory strategies should orient towards adapted behavioural rehabilitation.

Apical closure device for transapical valve procedures?.

OBJECTIVES: Transapical transcatheter valve procedures are performed through a left minithoracotomy and require apical sutures to seal the apical access site. The use of large-calibre devices compromises any attempt to fully perform the procedure with a thoracoscopic approach or percutaneously. We report our preliminary experience in animals with a new sutureless self-expandable apical occluder, engineered to perform transapical access site closure in a minimally invasive setting with large-size introducer sheaths. METHODS: The apical occluder with extendable waist was implanted in six young pigs during an acute animal study. Under general anaesthesia, animals (mean weight: 62 ± 8 kg) received full heparinization (heparin: 100 UI/kg; activated clotting time above 250 s). Through a median sternotomy, a 21-Fr Certitude? introducer sheath (outer diameter: 25 Fr) was placed over the wire into the cardiac apex. The delivery catheter carrying the constrained apical plug was inserted into the sheath and deployed under fluoroscopic control, whereas the Certitude? was retrieved. After protamine infusion, we observed and recorded the 1-h bleeding with standard haemodynamic parameters. Animals were sacrificed, and hearts analysed. RESULTS: Six apical closure devices were successfully introduced and deployed in six pig hearts through large-size apical sheaths at first attempt. In all animals, the plugs guaranteed immediate apical sealing and traces of blood were collected in the pericardium during the 1-h observational period (mean of 16 ± 3.4 ml of blood loss per animal). Haemodynamic parameters remained stable during the entire study period and no plug dislodgement was detected with normal systemic blood pressure (mean arterial mean blood pressure: 65 ± 7 mmHg). Post-mortem analysis confirmed the full deployment and good fixation of all plugs, without macroscopic damages to the surrounding myocardium. CONCLUSIONS: This sutureless self-expandable apical occluder is a simple device capable of sealing large-size apical access sites (20-35 Fr) in an acute animal study. This approach is a step further towards less invasive transapical valve procedures in the clinical setting, and further animal tests will be performed to confirm the long-term efficacy and safety of this device.

L'informatique: un outil remarquable pour l'enseignement de la médecine interne générale [The informatics: a remarkable tool for teaching general internal medicine].

INTERMED training implies a three week course, integrated in the "primary care module" for medical students in the first master year at the school of medicine in Lausanne. INTERMED uses an innovative teaching method based on repetitive sequences of e-learning-based individual learning followed by collaborative learning activities in teams, named Team-based learning (TBL). The e-learning takes place in a web-based virtual learning environment using a series of interactive multimedia virtual patients. By using INTERMED students go through a complete medical encounter applying clinical reasoning and choosing the diagnostic and therapeutic approach. INTERMED offers an authentic experience in an engaging and safe environment where errors are allowed and without consequences.

Undergraduate palliative care teaching in Swiss medical faculties: a nationwide survey and improved learning objectives.

BACKGROUND: In 2007, a first survey on undergraduate palliative care teaching in Switzerland has revealed major heterogeneity of palliative care content, allocation of hours and distribution throughout the 6 year curriculum in Swiss medical faculties. This second survey in 2012/13 has been initiated as part of the current Swiss national strategy in palliative care (2010 - 2015) to serve as a longitudinal monitoring instrument and as a basis for redefinition of palliative care learning objectives and curriculum planning in our country. METHODS: As in 2007, a questionnaire was sent to the deans of all five medical faculties in Switzerland in 2012. It consisted of eight sections: basic background information, current content and hours in dedicated palliative care blocks, current palliative care content in other courses, topics related to palliative care presented in other courses, recent attempts at improving palliative care content, palliative care content in examinations, challenges, and overall summary. Content analysis was performed and the results matched with recommendations from the EAPC for undergraduate training in palliative medicine as well as with recommendations from overseas countries. RESULTS: There is a considerable increase in palliative care content, academic teaching staff and hours in all medical faculties compared to 2007. No Swiss medical faculty reaches the range of 40 h dedicated specifically to palliative care as recommended by the EAPC. Topics, teaching methods, distribution throughout different years and compulsory attendance still differ widely. Based on these results, the official Swiss Catalogue of Learning Objectives (SCLO) was complemented with 12 new learning objectives for palliative and end of life care (2013), and a national basic script for palliative care was published (2015). CONCLUSION: Performing periodic surveys of palliative care teaching at national medical faculties has proven to be a useful tool to adapt the national teaching framework and to improve the recognition of palliative medicine as an integral part of medical training.

'Fast-implantable' aortic valve implantation and concomitant mitral procedures.

Concomitant aortic and mitral valve replacement or concomitant aortic valve replacement and mitral repair can be a challenge for the cardiac surgeon: in particular, because of their structure and design, two bioprosthetic heart valves or an aortic valve prosthesis and a rigid mitral ring can interfere at the level of the mitroaortic junction. Therefore, when a mitral bioprosthesis or a rigid mitral ring is already in place and a surgical aortic valve replacement becomes necessary, or when older high-risk patients require concomitant mitral and aortic procedures, the new 'fast-implantable' aortic valve system (Intuity valve, Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, USA) can represent a smart alternative to standard aortic bioprosthesis. Unfortunately, this is still controversial (risk of interference). However, transcatheter aortic valve replacements have been performed in patients with previously implanted mitral valves or mitral rings. Interestingly, we learned that there is no interference (or not significant interference) among the standard valve and the stent valve. Consequently, we can assume that a fast-implantable valve can also be safely placed next to a biological mitral valve or next to a rigid mitral ring without risks of distortion, malpositioning, high gradient or paravalvular leak. This paper describes two cases: a concomitant Intuity aortic valve and bioprosthetic mitral valve implantation and a concomitant Intuity aortic valve and mitral ring implantation.

Teaching cross-cultural competence and CLIL: a CLIL approach in International Relations University Courses

International relations professionals need cross-cultural competence and English language communication skills to function in the international arena (Graddol 1997). English language communication skills are necessary not only to communicate with foreign colleagues (Bocanegra-Valle 2014) but also to access the vast amount of knowledge transmitted in English over the internet (Ku, Zussman 2010). This work reports the use of CLIL and cross-cultural training in the University of Messina International Relations Advanced Degree Program as a method to raise students’ level of English as quickly as possible while giving them the essential intercultural skills for work in the international field. The researchbased course program combined cross-cultural communication training (Storti, 1997; Lewis, 1999; Gannon, 2004, Harris and Moran, 2007; U.S Peace Corps Training Handbook 2012,) and intercultural competence skill development (Bennett, 1998). Two objectives were proposed: 1) develop cross-cultural communication competence; 2) bring students up to a B2 level as fast as possible. The final exam demonstrated significant growth in the areas of cross-cultural competence as well as an increase in European Common Framework level ranging from .5 to 1.0 depending on the student. Students expressed their belief that what they had learned would be useful for their future career. Combining CLIL with intercultural competence building seems to be effective in meeting two objectives: increasing English language fluency and developing cross-cultural communication competence. More research is recommended to further document this method for increasing English communication proficiency while developing interculturally competent international professionals.