Prevention of recurrences in frequently relapsing herpes labialis with thymopentin a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study

The present randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind multicenter study included a population of 36 subjects with frequent recurrences (at least once a month) of herpes labialis. Most of the patients had failed to respond adequately to previous treatment with other therapeutic tools, including acyclovir. Either 50 mg of thymopentin or of placebo was administered 3 times a week, by the subcutaneous route, for 6 weeks. Subsequently, the patients were observed for nearly 6 months on the average. The results achieved with thymopentin for the individual parameters were significantly superior to those obtained with placebo; thus significant improvement was seen in patients on thymopentin in the duration of the longest symptomfree period (prolonged from 2.1 weeks to 20.9 weeks, p = 0.000), in the number of relapses (reduced from 1.6 to 0.4 episodes/month, p = 0.001), and in the total duration of herpes symptoms per month (shortened from 2.0 to 0.3 weeks, p = 0.000). Placebo treatment also resulted in considerable improvement (p < 0.05 or 0.01), but was significantly inferior to the improvement obtained with thymopentin. The longest symptomfree period in the placebo group was prolonged from 2.4 to 11.2 weeks. The number of relapses per month was reduced from 1.4 to 0.8, and the total duration of herpes symptoms per month from 2 to 0.9 weeks. The results of intergroup analyses, in which the observed parameters and the improvement achieved in either group were compared, significantly favored thymopentin treatment. The effect of thymopentin was in all but one parameters superior to that of placebo and highly significant (p < 0.01). © 1985 Humana Press Inc.

Scalar glueballs: Constraints from the decays into η or η′

We study the mixing of the scalar glueball into the isosinglet mesons f0(1370), f0(1500), and f0(1710) to describe the two-body decays to pseudoscalars. We use an effective Hamiltonian and employ the two-angle mixing scheme for η and η′. In this framework, we analyze existing data and look forward to new data into η and η′ channels. For now, the f0(1710) has the largest glueball component and a sizable branching ratio into ηη′, testable at BESIII.

Cross-sectional study of 168 patients with hepatorenal tyrosinaemia and implications for clinical practice

Background: Hepatorenal tyrosinaemia (Tyr 1) is a rare inborn error of tyrosine metabolism. Without treatment, patients are at high risk of developing acute liver failure, renal dysfunction and in the long run hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of our study was to collect cross-sectional data. Methods. Via questionnaires we collected retrospective data of 168 patients with Tyr 1 from 21 centres (Europe, Turkey and Israel) about diagnosis, treatment, monitoring and outcome. In a subsequent consensus workshop, we discussed data and clinical implications. Results: Early treatment by NTBC accompanied by diet is essential to prevent serious complications such as liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma and renal disease. As patients may remain initially asymptomatic or develop uncharacteristic clinical symptoms in the first months of life newborn mass screening using succinylacetone (SA) as a screening parameter in dried blood is mandatory for early diagnosis. NTBC-treatment has to be combined with natural protein restriction supplemented with essential amino acids. NTBC dosage should be reduced to the minimal dose allowing metabolic control, once daily dosing may be an option in older children and adults in order to increase compliance. Metabolic control is judged by SA (below detection limit) in dried blood or urine, plasma tyrosine (<400 μM) and NTBC-levels in the therapeutic range (20-40 μM). Side effects of NTBC are mild and often transient. Indications for liver transplantation are hepatocellular carcinoma or failure to respond to NTBC. Follow-up procedures should include liver and kidney function tests, tumor markers and imaging, ophthalmological examination, blood count, psychomotor and intelligence testing as well as therapeutic monitoring (SA, tyrosine, NTBC in blood). Conclusion: Based on the data from 21 centres treating 168 patients we were able to characterize current practice and clinical experience in Tyr 1. This information could form the basis for clinical practice recommendations, however further prospective data are required to underpin some of the recommendations.

Transferencia de nitrógeno de ecosistemas agrícolas recientemente intensificados a acuíferos: efecto de la variación en las precipitaciones

A partir del monitoreo a campo de cultivos, suelo y agua subterránea, modelos de simulación y un experimento en lisímetros se estudió el intercambio de nitrógeno (N) inorgánico entre cultivos y el agua subterránea en sistemas agrícolas recientemente intensificados con suelos ricos en materia orgánica (MO). El monitoreo (1998-2010) en tres posiciones del paisaje de la Pampa Ondulada permitió captar períodos plurianuales húmedos y secos (1506-444 mm año-1) disparadores de cambios intensos en las profundidades freáticas (mayor 1 a menor a 6 m) que afectaron la función del agua subterránea y de los cultivos como moduladores de los flujos de agua y N. Con niveles freáticos superficiales, se redujo la capacidad de almacenaje del agua drenada hacia la zona no saturada, produciéndose un flujo lateral subsuperficial que redistribuyó el N lixiviado desde posiciones altas hacia los bajos y contribuyó a la recarga del acuífero aguas abajo. Este flujo, favorecido por fuertes gradientes hidráulicos, y la concentración local de solutos disparada por el consumo de agua subterránea por los cultivos en la posición de pie de loma, produjeron picos de concentración de cloruro (menor a 500 mg Cl. l-1) y nitrato (menor a 45 mg N-NO3. l-1) en el agua freática superficial. Durante períodos normales a secos los drenajes de diferentes eventos de lluvia se alojan en la zona no saturada, disipando y retrasando la respuesta del nivel freático a eventos individuales. El agua de lluvia fluye verticalmente arrastrando N del suelo hacia una superficie freática profunda (con mayor desfasaje temporal entre la concentración de nitrato del drenaje y la del agua freática a medida que el nivel se profundiza) y luego descarga en el arroyo. La aplicación de un fertilizante enriquecido con 15N a un cultivo de maíz en lisímetros permitió demostrar que la fertilización representa un aporte insignificante (1 por ciento) al flujo de N lixiviado y que el N derivado de la mineralización de la MO del suelo constituye una fuente importante de N lixiviable durante períodos con balance hídrico positivo y/o baja demanda de los cultivos. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se propone un modelo conceptual de los flujos hidrológicos y de N en paisajes ondulados de uso agrícola para situaciones climáticas contrastantes

Significados institucionales y conflictos semióticos del límite de una función en la educación matemática

La enseñanza-aprendizaje de los objetos básicos del Análisis Matemático, en el nivel de Bachillerato y específicamente los fenómenos didácticos que emergen a lo largo del proceso de instrucción, ha constituido una problemática de investigación, en cuanto a los fenómenos didácticos que emergen a lo largo del proceso de instrucción, hoy vigente y en desarrollo. Tal y como indica Artigue (1998), para avanzar en la investigación han de efectuarse propuestas ligadas a enfoques de tipo ecológico y semiótico, donde las técnicas de reconstrucción del conocimiento matemático den explicaciones sólidas a tales problemas. En este trabajo, que se centra en el objeto: límite, tratamos de aportar una nueva visión del problema centrados en el objeto límite, por medio de un enfoque ontológico-semiótico de la cognición matemática (Godino, 2002).

Tun Lehrerinnen und Lehrer im Unterricht, was sie als Mitglieder ihrer Profession tun sollten? Zur Diskussion zwischen Wernet und Twardella

Einführung in die Diskussion zwischen Johannes Twardella und Andreas Wernet über Wernets Buch "Pädagogische Permissivität". (DIPF/Autor)

Megasonic agitation for enhanced electrodeposition of copper

In this paper we propose an agitation method based on megasonic acoustic streaming to overcome the limitations in plating rate and uniformity of the metal deposits during the electroplating process. Megasonic agitation at a frequency of 1 MHz allows the reduction of the thickness of the Nernst diffusion layer to less than 600 nm. Two applications that demonstrate the benefits of megasonic acoustic streaming are presented: the formation of uniform ultra-fine pitch flip-chip bumps and the metallisation of high aspect ratio microvias. For the latter application, a multi-physics based numerical simulation is implemented to describe the hydrodynamics introduced by the acoustic waves as they travel inside the deep microvias.

Nomenclature and syntaxonomic notes on some high-rank syntaxa of the European grassland vegetation

We present descriptions of a new order (Ranunculo cortusifolii-Geranietalia reuteri and of a new alliance (Stachyo lusitanicae-Cheirolophion sempervirentis) for the herbaceous fringe communities of Macaronesia and of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula, respectively. A new alliance, the Polygalo mediterraneae-Bromion erecti (mesophilous post-cultural grasslands), was introduced for the Peninsular Italy. We further validate and typify the Armerietalia rumelicae (perennial grasslands supported by nutrient-poor on siliceous bedrocks at altitudes characterized by the submediterranean climate of central-southern Balkan Peninsula), the Securigero-Dasypyrion villosae (lawn and fallow-land tall-grass annual vegetation of Italy), and the Cirsio vallis-demoni-Nardion (acidophilous grasslands on siliceous substrates of the Southern Italy). Nomenclatural issues (validity, legitimacy, synonymy, formal corrections) have been discussed and clarified for the following names: Brachypodio-Brometalia, Bromo pannonici-Festucion csikhegyensis, Corynephoro-Plantaginion radicatae, Heleochloion, Hieracio-Plantaginion radicatae, Nardetea strictae, Nardetalia strictae, Nardo-Callunetea, Nardo-Galion saxatilis, Oligo-Bromion, Paspalo-Heleochloetalia, Plantagini-Corynephorion and Scorzoneret alia villosae. 

A metal-organic gel used as a template for a porous organic polymer

A polymeric metal-organic gel is described, which acts as a template in the preparation of macroporous polymethylmethacrylate, and can be easily removed post polymerisation.