Competências digitais para o trabalho na sociedade conectada: estudo de caso em uma organização pública

O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar a inserção das competências digitais no modelo de gestão de competências de uma organização pública brasileira de abrangência nacional. Utilizou-se, para tanto, de um conjunto de técnicas de investigação. Inicialmente, realizou-se a análise documental do modelo de competência da organização pública, objetivando relacioná-lo ao quadro de competências digitais proposto no âmbito do projeto DigComp, desenvolvido pela European Community e que, neste trabalho, é tomado como referência teórica para a análise dos dados coletados. A análise de conteúdo nos moldes propostos por Bardin (1977) permitiu identificar se esse documento trazia vestígios das competências digitais do framework utilizado. Em seguida, por meio do aplicativo Google Forms, um questionário estruturado foi aplicado a 27 respondentes, lotados em uma gerência estadual da organização. Os dados coletados permitiram identificar a importância atribuída pelos respondentes às competências digitais do framework e foram mais intensamente explorados em um grupo focal conduzido junto a quatro empregados que exercem a função de liderança na mesma unidade. Os resultados apontam para uma percepção da importância das competências digitais pelos empregados e líderes, mesmo que sua presença não tenha sido identificada no modelo de gestão de competência da organização estudada. Por outro lado, apontam também para a dificuldade desses empregados e líderes na aplicação dessas competências nas tarefas cotidianas do trabalho.

An examination of the antecedents of readiness for fine-tuning and corporate transformation changes

This study examined employee readiness for fine-tuning changes and for corporate transformation changes. It was proposed that employees would report different degrees of readiness for these two types of change and that different variables would be associated with readiness for the two types of change. Results of regression analyses indicated that trust in peers and logistics and system support displayed strong positive relationships with readiness for fine-tuning changes, while trust in senior leaders and self-efficacy displayed strong positive relationships with readiness for corporate transformation changes. The implications of this study focus on the appropriateness of traditional change management strategies in light of findings that multiple change readiness attitudes exist within an organization.

Making the link between engineering management and undergraduate research

This paper describes and analyses an innovative engineering management course that applies a project management framework in the context of a feasibility study for a prospective research project. The aim is to have students learn aspects of management that will be relevant from the outset of their professional career while simultaneously having immediate value in helping them to manage a research project and capstone design project in their senior year. An integral part of this innovation was the development of a web-based project management tool. While the main objectives of the new course design were achieved, a number of important lessons were learned that would guide the further development and continuous improvement of this course. The most critical of these is the need to achieve the optimum balance in the mind of the students between doing the project and critically analyzing the processes used to accomplish the work.

A GESTÃO DO TELETRABALHO

A aplicação do teletrabalho no Brasil tem progredido e tem sido foco de estudos organizacionais no contexto da flexibilização do trabalho, por despertar novas inquietações quanto às suas vantagens e desafios para a gestão de pessoas. Esta dissertação é o resultado de uma pesquisa que teve por objetivo identificar quais os aspectos que caracterizam o trabalho do telegerente na gestão de teletrabalhadores. Como referencial teórico, foram adotados os trabalhos de Antunes (2009), para apresentação dos sentidos e significados do trabalho nos tempos atuais, e de Nilles (1999), no tocante ao teletrabalho e ao papel do telegerente. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório de cunho qualitativo, que se valeu de entrevista semiestruturada com cinco telegerentes de empresas de diferentes segmentos de mercado. Por meio dos dados dos entrevistados, pode-se caracterizar a atuação do telegerente a partir das seguintes categorias: gestão flexibilizada, modelo de gestão, catalisação de resultados e perfil da telegerência. Os resultados demonstraram que o teletrabalho surge como uma alternativa muitas vezes informal, acordado entre gestores e subordinados assim, não se observou na amostra pesquisada um preparo específico para o exercício da telegerência, estando sujeitos a problemas inerentes ao novo regime de trabalho. Para os entrevistados, a telegerência surge de forma natural e sua atuação é intuitiva, quando o teletrabalho parte de uma decisão organizacional há ocorrência de treinamentos para capacitação da telegerência, por compreender ser essa decisão alinhada com seus objetivos estratégicos.

MODELOS DE GOVERNANÇA DE TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMAÇÃO ADOTADOS NO BRASIL - UM ESTUDO DE CASOS MÚLTIPLOS

O tema Governança de Tecnologia da Informação (GTI) tornou-se mais premente no ambiente empresarial brasileiro, principalmente após as repercussões mundiais ocorridas com a queda da bolsa de valores americana Nasdaq, com a nova configuração mundial após os ataques aos Estados Unidos em 11 de setembro de 2001 e a partir da promulgação da Lei Sarbanes-Oxley em 2002. Esse modelo de gestão tem sido implementado por organizações que buscam não somente obter melhor controle de gestão em Tecnologia da Informação, como para aquelas que têm de atender às conformidades legais exigidas pelos órgãos de controle. Implementá-la é um processo complexo e desafiador em virtude da necessidade de se identificar o melhor modelo de GTI dentre as práticas existentes no mundo empresarial. As empresas precisam fazer uma composição daquelas que melhor se aderem às suas realidades. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os modelos de GTI adotados em organizações no Brasil, avaliar os seus resultados, seus níveis de maturidade, os seus benefícios, suas dificuldades e suas tendências, contribuindo assim para o seu melhor entendimento e para amenizar a carência de estudos nessa área no Brasil. Este estudo, que é de natureza empírica, baseou-se na metodologia de estudo de casos múltiplos realizado em cinco empresas para explorar como este modelo de gestão vem sendo adotado, quais estruturas, metodologias e práticas de mercado têm sido utilizadas para a sua efetividade. Neste contexto, apresentam-se os resultados obtidos, os aspectos que envolvem a implementação dos modelos de GTI nas organizações, as dificuldades encontradas, o que têm condicionado o seu desempenho e suas tendências.

Challenging the predictive ability of accounting techniques in modelling organizational futures

This article considers the role of accounting in organisational decision making. It challenges the rational nature of decisions made in organisations through the use of accounting models and the problems of predicting the future through the use of such models. The use of accounting in this manner is evaluated from an epochal postmodern stance. Issues raised by chaos theory and the uncertainty principle are used to demonstrate problems with the predictive ability of accounting models. The authors argue that any consideration of the predictive value of accounting needs to change to incorporate a recognition of the turbulent external environment, if it is to be of use for organisational decision making. Thus it is argued that the role of accounting as a mechanism for knowledge creation regarding the future is fundamentally flawed. We take this as a starting-point to argue for the real purpose of the use of the predictive techniques of accounting, using its ritualistic role in the context of myth creation to argue for the cultural benefits of the use of such flawed techniques.

Risk management in oil and gas construction projects in Vietnam

Purpose - The purpose of the paper is to the identify risk factors, which affect oil and gas construction projects in Vietnam and derive risk responses. Design/methodology/approach - Questionnaire survey was conducted with the involvement of project executives of PetroVietnam and statistical analysis was carried out in order to identify the major project risks. Subsequently, mitigating measures were derived using informal interviews with the various levels of management of PetroVietnam. Findings - Bureaucratic government system and long project approval procedures, poor design, incompetence of project team, inadequate tendering practices, and late internal approval processes from the owner were identified as major risks. The executives suggested various strategies to mitigate the identified risks. Reforming the government system, effective partnership with foreign collaborators, training project executives, implementing contractor evaluation using multiple criteria decision-making technique, and enhancing authorities of project people were suggested as viable approaches. Practical implications - The improvement measures as derived in this study would improve chances of project success in the oil and gas industry in Vietnam. Originality/value - There are several risk management studies on managing projects in developing countries. However, as risk factors vary considerably across industry and countries, the study of risk management for successful projects in the oil and gas industry in Vietnam is unique and has tremendous importance for effective project management.

Decision support system for risk management:a case study

This study demonstrates a quantitative approach to construction risk management through analytic hierarchy process and decision tree analysis. All the risk factors are identified, their effects are quantified by determining probability and severity, and various alternative responses are generated with cost implication for mitigating the quantified risks. The expected monetary values are then derived for each alternative in a decision tree framework and subsequent probability analysis aids the decision process in managing risks. The entire methodology is explained through a case application of a cross-country petroleum pipeline project in India and its effectiveness in project management is demonstrated.

Risk based decision support system for effective implementation of projects

Conventional project management techniques are not always sufficient to ensure time, cost and quality achievement of large-scale construction projects due to complexity in planning, design and implementation processes. The main reasons for project non-achievement are changes in scope and design, changes in government policies and regulations, unforeseen inflation, underestimation and improper estimation. Projects that are exposed to such an uncertain environment can be effectively managed with the application of risk management throughout the project's life cycle. However, the effectiveness of risk management depends on the technique through which the effects of risk factors are analysed/quantified. This study proposes the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a multiple attribute decision making technique, as a tool for risk analysis because it can handle subjective as well as objective factors in a decision model that are conflicting in nature. This provides a decision support system (DSS) to project management for making the right decision at the right time for ensuring project success in line with organisation policy, project objectives and a competitive business environment. The whole methodology is explained through a case application of a cross-country petroleum pipeline project in India and its effectiveness in project management is demonstrated.

Managing healthcare quality using logical framework analysis

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated quality management model that identifies problems, suggests solutions, develops a framework for implementation and helps to evaluate dynamically healthcare service performance. Design/methodology/approach - This study used the logical framework analysis (LFA) to improve the performance of healthcare service processes. LFA has three major steps - problems identification, solution derivation, and formation of a planning matrix for implementation. LFA has been applied in a case-study environment to three acute healthcare services (Operating Room utilisation, Accident and Emergency, and Intensive Care) in order to demonstrate its effectiveness. Findings - The paper finds that LFA is an effective method of quality management of hospital-based healthcare services. Research limitations/implications - This study shows LFA application in three service processes in one hospital. This very limited population sample needs to be extended. Practical implications - The proposed model can be implemented in hospital-based healthcare services in order to improve performance. It may also be applied to other services. Originality/value - Quality improvement in healthcare services is a complex and multi-dimensional task. Although various quality management tools are routinely deployed for identifying quality issues in healthcare delivery, they are not without flaws. There is an absence of an integrated approach, which can identify and analyse issues, provide solutions to resolve those issues, develop a project management framework to implement those solutions. This study introduces an integrated and uniform quality management tool for healthcare services. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Managing healthcare technology in quality management framework

Healthcare services available these days deploy high technology to satisfy both internal and external customers by continuously improving various quality parameters. Quality improvement in healthcare services is a complex and multidimensional task. Although various quality management tools are routinely deployed for identifying quality issues in healthcare delivery, there is absence of an integrated approach, which can identify and analyse issues, provide solutions to resolve those issues and develop a project management framework to implement and evaluate those solutions. This study introduces an integrated and uniform quality management framework for healthcare services. This study uses the Logical Framework Analysis (LFA) to improve the performance of healthcare services. LFA has three major steps - problem identification, solution derivation and formation of a planning matrix for implementation and evaluation. LFA has been applied in a case study environment to three acute healthcare services (Operating Room (OR) utilisation, Accident and Emergency (A&E) and intensive care) in order to demonstrate its effectiveness. Copyright © 2007 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Knowledge management in a New Zealand tree farming company:Ambiguity and resistance to the "technology solution"

Purpose - Managers at the company attempt to implement a knowledge management information system in an attempt to avoid loss of expertise while improving control and efficiency. The paper seeks to explore the implications of the technological solution to employees within the company. Design/methodology/approach - The paper reports qualitative research conducted in a single organization. Evidence is presented in the form of interview extracts. Findings - The case section of the paper presents the accounts of organizational participants. The accounts reveal the workers' reactions to the technology-based system and something of their strategies of resistance to the system. These accounts also provide glimpses of the identity construction engaged in by these knowledge workers. The setting for the research is in a knowledge-intensive primary industry. Research was conducted through observation and interviews. Research limitations/implications - The issues identified are explored in a single case-study setting. Future research could look at the relevance of the findings to other settings. Practical implications - The case evidence presented indicates some of the complexity of implementation of information systems in organizations. This could certainly be seen as more evidence of the uncertainty associated with organizational change and of the need for managers not to expect an easy adoption of intrusive IT solutions. Originality/value - This paper adds empirical insight to a largely conceptual literature. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Responding to crisis through strategic knowledge management

Purpose - Many managers would like to take a strategic approach to preparing the organisation to avoid impending crisis but instead find themselves fire-fighting to mitigate its impact. This paper seeks to examine an organisation which made major strategic changes in order to respond to the full effect of a crisis which would be realised over a two to three year period. At the root of these changes was a strategic approach to managing knowledge. The paper's purpose is to reflect on managers' views of the impact this strategy had on preparing for the crisis and explore what happened in the organisation during and after the crisis. Design/methodology/approach - The paper examines a case-study of a financial services organisation which faced the crisis of its impending dissolution. The paper draws upon observations of change management workshops, as well as interviews with organisational members of a change management task force. Findings - The response to the crisis was to recognise the importance of the people and their knowledge to the organisation, and to build a strategy which improved business processes and communication flow across the divisions, as well as managing the departure of knowledge workers from an organisation in the process of being dissolved. Practical implications - The paper demonstrates the importance of building a knowledge management strategy during times of crisis, and draws out important lessons for organisations facing organisational change. Originality/value - The paper represents a unique opportunity to learn from an organisation adopting a strategic approach to managing its knowledge during a time of crisis. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

An application of decision process modelling to manufacturing system design

As levels of investment in advanced manufacturing systems increase, effective project management becomes ever more critical. This paper demonstrates how the model proposed by Mintzberg, Raisinghani and Theoret in 1976, which structures complicated strategic decision processes, can be applied to the design of new production systems for both descriptive and analytical research purposes. This paper sets a detailed case study concerning the design and development of an advanced manufacturing system within the Mintzberg decision model and so breaks down the decision sequence into constituent parts. It thus shows how a structured model can provide a framework for the researcher who wishes to study decision episodes in the design of manufacturing facilities in greater depth.

Managing enterprise resource planning projects

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to help managers to successfully plan, implement, and operate enterprise resource planning (ERP) projects using a risk management framework. Design/methodology/approach – This paper adopted a combined literature review and case study method. Using literature review, the paper first identified major issues of managing ERP projects and develops a risk management framework for managing those issues. The proposed risk management framework was then applied to a ERP implementation project of a UK-based energy services group and its effectiveness for managing ERP projects implementation had been demonstrated. Additionally, the risk factors as identified from the case application are compared with the risk factors from the previous researches so as to suggest mitigating measures. Findings – All the risk factors are categorized into planning, implementation and operations phases along with project processes, organizational transformation and information technology (IT) perspectives. Project implementation phase is the most vulnerable to failure. The case study results reveal that the effect of other projects on on-going ERP project, management of overall IT architecture and non-availability of resources for organizational transformation are most critical from likelihood and impact perspectives. Managing risk across various phases of project and equal emphasize to effective project management, organizational transformation and IT adoption are the key to success in ERP implementation. Practical implications – The risk factors, which were identified using literature review and the case study, have great significance as mitigating measures of those risks may result successful implementation of ERP projects in the industry. Additionally, proposed risk management framework could be customized to implement ERP projects elsewhere. Originality/value – ERP projects are risky as they are capital intensive, technically complex, and call for organizational transformation. There are both success and failure stories. However, both researchers and practitioners agree, that if it can be implemented and operated successfully and benefits should be achievable. Although there are many studies on ERP implementation, little has been discussed on managing risks of ERP projects. Therefore, this paper bridges the gap.