Perfil motivacional dos educadores de infância do concelho de Torres Novas

Esta investigação teve como objectivo geral identificar o perfil motivacional dos Educadores de Infância do concelho de Torres Novas, bem como descrever e analisar o perfil motivacional dos Educadores de Infância em relação ao trabalho que exercem. Pretendeu-se ainda verificar se o perfil motivacional se altera de acordo com a variável tipo de instituição e se o tempo de serviço é uma variável que interfere no perfil motivacional. Ferreira, Diogo; Ferreira & Valente (2006) devido aos escassos instrumentos para avaliação da motivação consideraram importante desenvolver uma escala que medisse pelas suas características várias dimensões da motivação no trabalho, a qual designaram de Escala MULTI-MOTI (2006). Esta escala e a base teórica que a sustenta serviram de suporte para este estudo. Para a realização desta pesquisa, foram utilizados dois questionários para recolha e análise de dados, sendo o primeiro apenas para a obtenção de dados pessoais e profissionais e o segundo o questionário MULTI-MOTI da autoria de Ferreira et al. (2006) que engloba 28 itens e avalia quatro dimensões referentes à motivação no trabalho. A nossa amostra foi composta por 54 Educadores de Infância. Os dois questionários utilizaram uma escala tipo Likert. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a maioria dos Educadores de Infância revela altos níveis de Desenvolvimento e Organização no Trabalho e menores níveis no que se refere ao Desempenho e Realização e Poder.

Validation of an automated algorithm for auditory brainstem response testing

This paper discusses the auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing for infants.

Efficacy of 1000 Hz tympanometry in infants birth to 4 months of age: A follow up study

Interpretation of 1000 Hz tympanometry is not standardized. Several compensated and uncompensated measures were analyzed and compared to otologic findings. Results of auditory brainstem testing and otoacoustic emissions were considered to better obtain middle ear status. Findings were inconclusive due to small sample size.

Kipus: revista andina de letras. 15 (Reseñas)

Presenta las reseñas de los siguientes libros: Susana Zanetti, LA DORADA GARRA DE LA LECTURA. LECTORAS y LECTORES DE NOVELA EN AMÉRICA LATINA, Rosario: Beatriz Viterbo, 2002, 448 pp. -- Orlando Pérez, LA CELEBRACiÓN DE LA LIBERTAD, Quito: Libresa, Colección Crónica de sueños, 2002. -- Martha Rodríguez, PERO ES DESPUÉS, BAJO EL SOL, Quito: Libresa, Colección Crónica de sueños, 2002, 95 pp. -- Tomás Eloy Martínez, EL VUELO DE LA REINA, Madrid: Alfaguara, 2002, 295 pp. -- Gabriela Alemán, FUGA PERMANENTE, Quito: Eskeletra, 2a. ed., 2002, 113 pp. -- Alfonso Monsalve, CUENTOS DE PELÍCULA, Quito: Eskeletra, 2002, 182 pp. -- Galo Mora W. UN PÁJARO REDONDO PARA JUGAR, Quito: Eskeletra, 2002,289 pp. -- Sonia Navarro, SABOR A OLVIDO (BIOGRAFÍA DE LA SRA. RENÉ), Guayaquil: Centro de Difusión y Publicaciones Espol, 165 pp. -- Margarito Cuéllar, LOS RIESGOS DEL PLACER, Carolina Andrade Monterrey, Nuevo León: Ediciones Castillo S. A.de C. V., 2002, 78 pp.

Cristianización del Imaginario y religiosidad de los Indios de Puerto Viejo durante la Colonia

El espíritu de esta investigación es el de desentrañar el proceso dinámico a través del cual se conjugaron la religión y religiosidad occidental cristiana con la religiosidad de los aborígenes en una zona periférica de los Andes Septentrionales. Conocer qué características particulares modelaron estos indios en el contexto de la América andina colonial. A su vez, relacionar esa dimensión cultural, con las prácticas concretas de supervivencia que se realizaban en un lugar dado. En tanto que el período cubierto en nuestro trabajo es el de la Colonia, el espacio concreto es el Partido de Puerto Viejo, perteneciente a la antigua provincia de Guayaquil, ubicada en la costa de los Andes Septentrionales. La tesis está estructurada en función de una cronología de la interacción cultural. El primer capítulo aborda el momento del encuentro/conquista, pero no desde la perspectiva de los hechos, sino de los imaginarios de los europeos y los aborígenes. A través de cada uno de los cronistas europeos, mestizos e indios que dejaron su testimonio sobre Puerto Viejo, buscamos penetrar en su mundo interior para conocer qué tipos de mitos usan para decodificar la nueva realidad de la Mar del Sur, cuyo primer territorio asequible es Puerto Viejo. Luego, qué reconfiguración se producen en sus categorías mentales a causa del impacto de la otra realidad hallada, en el caso de los cronistas occidentales. A través de un segundo capítulo buscamos ubicarnos en la otra orilla y establecer cuáles son los rasgos esenciales de la religiosidad de los indios de Puerto Viejo, vigentes en el momento de la Conquista, tarea aún más compleja que la anterior, porque para ello debemos utilizar los mismos testimonios de los cronistas europeos, aunque apelamos también al de los mestizos e indígenas, los cuales, sin embargo, estás más relacionados con la cultura Inca. En el tercer capítulo tratamos el aspecto del impacto cultural de la Conquista, la iniciación del proceso de evangelización, extirpación y sustitución de idolatrías; introducción de las doctrinas, cultos y otras instituciones religiosas; y finalmente la práctica de rituales. En suma, es en esta parte donde intentamos conocer el carácter de la transición e interacción cultural y qué tipo de religiosidad se deriva de ello en los indios. En un capítulo final analizamos las dimensiones concretas en donde se desenvuelve la religiosidad de los indios de Puerto Viejo. Operamos la relación entre este espacio real biodiverso, donde está la geografía sagrada y las prácticas indígenas para la supervivencia, es decir, las relaciones de producción, extracción, comercio y poder. Así mismo, esas prácticas para la supervivencia nos llevaron a tratar el tema del sistema de saberes que también se inserta en la tupida red que constituye la cultura de los indios de Puerto Viejo. El aspecto de los imaginarios religiosos y luego, la religiosidad misma de los indios de Puerto Viejo durante la Colonia, se tropieza con el problema de las fuentes primarias. No obstante se puede apelar a los cronistas tempranos, entre los cuales utilizamos a los de origen hispano – soldados, sacerdotes y escribanos oficiales -, y a los de origen indígena y mestizo. Varios de ellos mencionan brevemente el momento del primer encuentro y Conquista de Puerto Viejo. Utilizamos también informes oficiales y crónicas tardías para hallar respuestas sobre los siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII. Analizamos igualmente, documentos del Archivo de la Diócesis de Cuenca, que por lo demás, no están catalogados, así como algunas copias de originales que permanecen en La Casa de Horacio de Portoviejo. Así mismo, tomamos eventualmente transcripciones parciales de documentos primarios que aparecen en otros trabajos y cuyos originales no están localizados en los archivos oficiales.

Transport and distribution of lindane and simazine in a riverine environment: measurements in bed sediments and modelling

Aquatic sediments often remove hydrophobic contaminants from fresh waters. The subsequent distribution and concentration of contaminants in bed sediments determines their effect on benthic organisms and the risk of re-entry into the water and/or leaching to groundwater. This study examines the transport of simazine and lindane in aquatic bed sediments with the aim of understanding the processes that determine their depth distribution. Experiments in flume channels (water flow of 10 cm s(-1)) determined the persistence of the compounds in the absence of sediment with (a) de-ionised water and (b) a solution that had been in contact with river sediment. In further experiments with river bed sediments in light and dark conditions, measurements were made of the concentration of the compounds in the overlying water and the development of bacterial/algal biofilms and bioturbation activity. At the end of the experiments, concentrations in sediments and associated pore waters were determined in sections of the sediment at 1 mm resolution down to 5 mm and then at 10 mm resolution to 50 mm depth and these distributions analysed using a sorption-diffusion-degradation model. The fine resolution in the depth profile permitted the detection of a maximum in the concentration of the compounds in the pore water near the surface, whereas concentrations in the sediment increased to a maximum at the surface itself. Experimental distribution coefficients determined from the pore water and sediment concentrations indicated a gradient with depth that was partly explained by an increase in organic matter content and specific surface area of the solids near the interface. The modelling showed that degradation of lindane within the sediment was necessary to explain the concentration profiles, with the optimum agreement between the measured and theoretical profiles obtained with differential degradation in the oxic and anoxic zones. The compounds penetrated to a depth of 40-50 rum over a period of 42 days. (C) 2004 Society of Chemical Industry.

Degradation of atrazine and isoproturon in surface and sub-surface soil materials undergoing different moisture and aeration conditions

The influence of different moisture and aeration conditions on the degradation of atrazine and isoproturon was investigated in environmental samples aseptically collected from surface and sub-surface zones of agricultural land. The materials were maintained at two moisture contents corresponding to just above field capacity or 90% of field capacity. Another two groups of samples were adjusted with water to above field capacity, and, at zero time, exposed to drying-rewetting cycles. Atrazine was more persistent (t(1/2) = 22-3S days) than isoproturon (t(1/2) = 5-17 days) in samples maintained at constant moisture conditions. The rate of degradation for both herbicides was higher in samples maintained at a moisture content of 90% of field capacity than in samples with higher moisture contents. The reduction in moisture content in samples undergoing desiccation from above field capacity to much lower than field capacity enhanced the degradation of isoproturon (t(1/2) = 9-12 days) but reduced the rate of atrazine degradation (t(1/2) = 23-35-days). This demonstrates the variability between different micro-organisms in their susceptibility to desiccation. Under anaerobic conditions generated in anaerobic jars, atrazine degraded much more rapidly than isoproturon in materials taken from three soil profiles (0-250 cm depth). It is suggested that some specific micro-organisms are able to survive and degrade herbicide under severe conditions of desiccation. (C) 2004 Society of Chemical Industry.

Approximate factorization constraint preconditioners for saddle-point matrices

We consider the application of the conjugate gradient method to the solution of large, symmetric indefinite linear systems. Special emphasis is put on the use of constraint preconditioners and a new factorization that can reduce the number of flops required by the preconditioning step. Results concerning the eigenvalues of the preconditioned matrix and its minimum polynomial are given. Numerical experiments validate these conclusions.

Genetic diversity and structure of natural and managed populations of Cedrus atlantica (Pinaceae) assessed using random amplified polymorphic DNA

Cedrus atlantica (Pinaceae) is a large and exceptionally long-lived conifer native to the Rif and Atlas Mountains of North Africa. To assess levels and patterns of genetic diversity of this species. samples were obtained throughout the natural range in Morocco and from a forest plantation in Arbucies, Girona (Spain) and analyzed using RAPD markers. Within-population genetic diversity was high and comparable to that revealed by isozymes. Managed populations harbored levels of genetic variation similar to those found in their natural counterparts. Genotypic analyses Of Molecular variance (AMOVA) found that most variation was within populations. but significant differentiation was also found between populations. particularly in Morocco. Bayesian estimates of F,, corroborated the AMOVA partitioning and provided evidence for Population differentiation in C. atlantica. Both distance- and Bayesian-based Clustering methods revealed that Moroccan populations comprise two genetically distinct groups. Within each group, estimates of population differentiation were close to those previously reported in other gymnosperms. These results are interpreted in the context of the postglacial history of the species and human impact. The high degree of among-group differentiation recorded here highlights the need for additional conservation measures for some Moroccan Populations of C. atlantica.

Managing arable weeds for biodiversity

As a result of the recent intensification of crop production, the abundance and diversity of UK arable weeds adapted to cultivated land have declined, with an associated reduction in farmland birds. A number of questions need to be addressed when considering how these declines can be reversed. Firstly, can the delivery of crop production and biodiversity be reconciled by spatially separating cropping from designated wildlife areas? A number of subsidised environmental schemes in the UK take this approach and are focused on establishing vegetation cover on uncropped land. However, because of the lack of regular disturbance in these habitats, they are dominated by perennials and they therefore have limited potential for promoting the recovery of annual weed populations. A number of farmland bird species also rely on the provision of resources in field centres, and it is therefore likely that the recovery of their populations will rely on weed management options targeted at the cropped areas of the field. This raises two further questions. Firstly, is it possible to identify beneficial weed species that are relatively poor competitors with the crop and also have biodiversity value? Secondly, are the tools available to manage these species at acceptable levels while controlling pernicious weeds? A number of approaches are being employed to answer these questions, including predicting yield loss from weed competition models and exploiting herbicide selectivity. The further development of these tools is crucial if farmer opposition to managing weeds in crops is to be overcome. (c) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.