Industrialização e Urbanização em Portugal: que relações? O caso do Anteplano de Urbanização da Vila do Barreiro de 1957

The main purpose of this paper is to focus discussion around the concept of “enterprise” as a reality which, together with other production units located in urban areas, could generate economies of agglomeration. These in turn play a role of enormous importance to local and regional level. By this route was thought to introduce a multidisciplinary approach in the debate about territory.

Execução e exploração de uma unidade de Turismo em espaço rural na modalidade de casas de campo

O turismo rural é um sector económico e social em pleno crescimento, o que justifica que um número cada vez maior de operadores, (nomeadamente promotores e investidores) comecem a interessar-se por este. No entanto, as organizações e as prestações do turismo rural sofrem de fraquezas crónicas, em matéria de definição da produção e de concretização da distribuição, ou seja, a forma como estas colocam os seus produtos no mercado é insuficiente. É conveniente, portanto, reflectir sobre o assunto e contribuir, mesmo que de uma forma modesta, para a alteração desta paisagem díspar para melhor responder às necessidades de desenvolvimento do mundo rural. Na maior parte dos casos o turismo rural reduz-se ao agro-turismo (acolhimento turístico nas explorações agrícolas), englobando o turismo verde, com locais tranquilos e alternativos ligados ao campo. Pretende-se que o turismo rural exista, se desenvolva, agrade, para que se distinga do turismo de massas. É por tudo isto que os citadinos cada vez mais ávidos de particularidades procuram o campo, a natureza e a ruralidade que são locais seguros e tranquilizadores. Neste contexto, surgem novas unidades de turismo em espaço rural e actividades de complementaridade, como a Unidade Casa da Fonte Velha, objecto do presente projecto, contribuindo para o reforço da oferta turística local e regional, assim como para um desenvolvimento económico, social e ambiental do concelho onde se insere.

Museus locais e ecomuseologia : estudos do projecto para o Ecomuseu da Murtosa

O presente estudo tem por objectivo contribuir para a compreensão do entendimento do conceito de Ecomuseologia baseado na análise do projecto do Ecomuseu da Murtosa. Esse projecto foi elaborado pelo Centro de Estudo de Sociomuseologia da Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias. Essa dissertação trabalha com os seguintes aspectos: . A contextualização da acção museológica do ponto de vista do património, com referência ao planeamento local e regional; . O estudo da realidade dos museus locais portugueses baseada na teoria museológica contemporânea e nas políticas da Comunidade Europeia para o desenvolvimento do património; . A análise do Projecto do Ecomuseu da Murtosa em relação as políticas da comunidade europeia, aos conceitos de serviços do ecomuseu, e ao papel do ecomuseu com relação as actividades educacionais e patrimoniais. O estudo também apresenta os princípios nos quais o planeamento dos ecomuseus podem ser desenvolvidos no contexto da administração local. (Dissertação de Mestrado em Museologia, em 2000)

Las independencias: [respuesta al cuestionario de Manuel Chust] (Dossier: Bicentenario, rastros y revelaciones de la Independencia)

Enrique Ayala es entrevistado por el historiador catalán Manuel Chust sobre la independencia de Hispanoamérica. Ayala plantea que la crisis de 1808 afectó la economía de la metrópoli, pero también posibilitó cambios en las relaciones de poder en las colonias: fue instalándose el control de los señores criollos sobre la tierra y de los comerciantes sobre las economías locales y regionales, la burocracia española debilitada conservó solo el manejo político, lo cual favoreció a las clases dominantes locales. Insiste en que las independencias deben ser vistas como procesos, cuyo éxito fue posible al convocarse a los actores populares e integrarse los esfuerzos de diversas colonias. Visualizar eso, afirma, fue uno de los mayores aportes de Simón Bolívar. Finalmente, no se llega a la Independencia por actos de personalidades determinantes, sino por el peso de protagonistas colectivos: notables criollos, grandes latifundistas y comerciantes de los puertos de primer orden, jefes de los ejércitos e intelectuales, la jerarquía de la Iglesia, y el apoyo británico a los insurgentes.

Boundary-layer ventilation by baroclinic lifecycles

Ventilation of the boundary layer has an important effect on local and regional air quality and is a prerequisite for long-range pollution transport. Once in the free troposphere, pollutants can alter the chemical composition of the troposphere and impact on the Earth's radiative forcing. Idealised baroclinic life cycles, LC1 and LC2, have been simulated in a three-dimensional dry hemispheric model in the presence of boundary-layer turbulent fluxes. A passive tracer is added to the simulations to represent pollution emitted at, or near, the surface. A simple conveyor-belt diagnostic is developed to objectively identify regions of the boundary layer that can be ventilated by either warm or cold conveyor belts. Transport of pollutants within and above the boundary layer is examined on synoptic scales. Three different physical mechanisms are found to interact with each other to ventilate pollutants out of the boundary layer. These mechanisms are turbulent mixing within the boundary layer, horizontal advection due to Ekman convergence and divergence within the boundary layer, and advection by the warm conveyor belt. The mass of tracer ventilated by the two life cycles is remarkably similar given the differences in frontal structure, suggesting that the large-scale baroclinicity is an effective constraint on ventilation.

Water management in Minoan Crete, Greece: the two cisterns of one Middle Bronze Age settlement

The two earliest structures of Minoan Crete that may be considered as large cisterns were both built in the first half of the second millennium BC (the time of the first Minoan palaces) at Myrtos-Pyrgos (lerapetra). A considerable feat of engineering and social management, they remain a most unusual attribute of a Minoan settlement, all the more so since the Myrtos river is/was available to supply water at the foot of the hill of Pyrgos. This paper presents these cisterns, briefly, in terms of geology and technology, the history of their use and re-use, and their relevance to understanding the culture and society (at local and regional levels) of Crete in the time of the Old Palaces, as well as their possible contribution to the political and military history of the period. I then review possible precursors of, and architectural parallels to, the Pyrgos cisterns at Knossos, Malia and Phaistos (none of which has been proved to be a cistern), and the later history of cisterns in Bronze Age Crete. Since only three others are known (at Archanes, Zakro and Tylissos, of Late Bronze Age date), the two cisterns of Myrtos-Pyrgos are an important addition to our still rudimentary knowledge of how the Bronze Age Cretans managed their water supplies.

Environmental impact of geometric earthwork construction in pre-Columbian Amazonia

There is considerable controversy over whether pre-Columbian (pre-A.D. 1492) Amazonia was largely “pristine” and sparsely populated by slash-and-burn agriculturists, or instead a densely populated, domesticated landscape, heavily altered by extensive deforestation and anthropogenic burning. The discovery of hundreds of large geometric earthworks beneath intact rainforest across southern Amazonia challenges its status as a pristine landscape, and has been assumed to indicate extensive pre-Columbian deforestation by large populations. We tested these assumptions using coupled local- and regional-scale paleoecological records to reconstruct land use on an earthwork site in northeast Bolivia within the context of regional, climate-driven biome changes. This approach revealed evidence for an alternative scenario of Amazonian land use, which did not necessitate labor-intensive rainforest clearance for earthwork construction. Instead, we show that the inhabitants exploited a naturally open savanna landscape that they maintained around their settlement despite the climatically driven rainforest expansion that began ∼2,000 y ago across the region. Earthwork construction and agriculture on terra firme landscapes currently occupied by the seasonal rainforests of southern Amazonia may therefore not have necessitated large-scale deforestation using stone tools. This finding implies far less labor—and potentially lower population density—than previously supposed. Our findings demonstrate that current debates over the magnitude and nature of pre-Columbian Amazonian land use, and its impact on global biogeochemical cycling, are potentially flawed because they do not consider this land use in the context of climate-driven forest–savanna biome shifts through the mid-to-late Holocene.

Talent on the move: creative human capital migration patterns in UK

The last decade has seen an increasing number of contributions, from both academics and policy makers, focusing on the role of higher education in developing human capital (Charles, 2003; Cramphorn & Woodlhouse, 1999; Preston & Hammond, 2006) and hence contributing to local and regional growth (Faggian & McCann, 2006; Mathur, 1999; Moretti, 2004). Within this broader literature, the role played by more ‘scientific’ types of human capital, such as STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) graduates and science parks (Bozeman, Dietz, & Gaughan, 2001; Linderlöf & Löfsten, 2004; Löfsten & Lindelöf, 2005), has also been explored. Little attention has been paid so far, to the role played by more ‘creative’ types of human capital. This chapter aims at filling this gap, in light of the central role that the term ‘creative’ took in policy and academic discourses in the UK (Comunian & Faggian, 2011; Comunian & Gilmore, 2015; DCMS, 2006; Powell, 2007; Universities UK, 2010).

Community perceptions of four protected areas in the Northern portion of the Cerrado hotspot, Brazil

Establishing effective networks of protected areas (PAS) is one of the major goals of conservation strategies worldwide. However, the success of PAS in promoting biodiversity conservation depends on their integration to local and regional contexts, reducing and mitigating human impacts originating from buffer zones. Community perceptions affect interactions between residents and PAS, and thereby conservation effectiveness. Research at Tocantins state (northern Brazilian Cerrado), aimed to analyse local community perceptions of four PAs, discussing how different factors may influence these. Perceptions were assessed through standardized interviews applied to PA employees and 275 local inhabitants. There was modest community participation in PA establishment and management. Residents were aware of the PAS` existence, but were unfamiliar with their goals. Length of residency and occupation of inhabitants influenced their PA perceptions, shaping different people-park relations in each of the four studied PAs. Involvement of local residents in PA planning and management represents a central strategy to strengthen local support for PAS over the long term. In those areas that still have settlements inside their boundaries, community relocation should follow a careful participatory process to avoid significant changes in local perceptions and attitudes towards these PAS, crucial for conserving Brazilian biodiversity.

Att iscensätta apokalypsen : zombiemetaforer i den samtida katastrofberedskapen

Enacting the apocalypse: zombie metaphors in contemporary disaster preparedness Since the turn of the millennium, enactment of possible emergencies and catastrophes has become a most common way of producing knowledge about events yet to occur. Preparedness exercises are frequently performed by public authorities at local and regional levels. Collaborative approaches among relevant actors are enhanced and evaluated through simulated accidents and acts of terror as well as school shootings and epidemic outbreaks. Due to the incalculability of many modern threats, enactment is employed as a method for rendering potential future events available as empirical phenomena. However, sometimes these potential futures are represented in ways that correspond only to imagined and fictional worlds. The aim of this article is to explore the enactment of unreal possibilities in contemporary preparedness exercises. The empirical material employed for this purpose consists of crisis plans and exercise guides used in public and official institutions in the United States as well as qualitative interviews with municipal safety coordinators in Sweden.

Parques e incubadoras de empresas de base tecnológica

The main purpose of this paper is to give a wide vision about science parks, technology parks, incubators and technology based firms and to show the Brazilian experience on these subjects. This kind of enterprises is considered one of the most important local and regional development instruments in the present. They demand actions to strengthen the links between firms, R&D centers, universities and governments, especially, local governments. Furthermore, the venture capital firms have an important role to play in these new approach to further the regional and local development through technological innovations. This paper emphasizes the importance of the venture capital and the strategic alliances to support this new approaches and shows that the lack of these instruments in Brazilian environment is one of the main problem of these technology based enterprises.

A influência da exportação no desenvolvimento de arranjos produtivos locais de moda no estado do Rio de Janeiro

In recent years, clusters have become a central part in discussions about local and regional economic development, as well as in the elaboration of public policies for generating jobs and income. Concurrent with the discussions about clusters, the subject globalization has also received growing attention from the media in the academic and government fields. Different aspects are considered in the discussions regarding globalization and one of the subjects is the insertion of local economies into international commerce. One of these ways of insertion is by global value chains. This term began to be used at the end of 90s, and refers to the productive value chains dispersed throughout the world, but with integrated production and commercialization. The aim of this thesis is to understand how the exportation process influences the development of fashion clusters, this being done by the insertion of these clusters into the global value chains. Each year, the Brazilian fashion sector seeks to broaden their participation in the global economy by means of insertion into the global value chains. This insertion, however, has caused impacts in specialized clusters of garment manufacturers, such as beach fashion, jeans and women¿s clothing. As a way of identifying these impacts, three cluster manufacturers were studied in the state of Rio de Janeiro, namely Cabo Frio, São Gonçalo and Niterói. The impacts of internationalization on the companies integrated into these three clusters were explored by means of a six-month field study, including semistructured interviews. This internationalization occurs either by direct exportation or by means of inserting these companies into the global value chains. The results of the study points out the opportunities and threats to these companies, as well as shows the importance of more adequate public policies for the development of Brazilian fashion clusters. Among these threats, the possibility of inserting these cluster companies into the global value chains in a captive manner (Gereffi, Humphrey, Sturgeon, 2005) was singled out, placing them ¿under control¿ of the exporting companies. As for opportunities, the participation of government support agencies and improvements in fashion show good alternatives for inserting these companies into the global value chains, making possible autonomous and competitive performance.

Trabalhadores na reciclagem do lixo : dinâmicas econômicas, sócio-ambientais e políticas na perspectiva de empoderamento

Esta pesquisa enfoca as dinâmicas econômicas, sócio-ambientais e políticas de organização, construção da identidade coletiva e empoderamento de trabalhadores em associações de reciclagem, levando-se em conta suas relações com diversos agentes externos. A escolha desse objeto do estudo prende-se a dois aspectos principais: - à caracterização dessa atividade como uma ocupação em estruturação e processo de reconhecimento, representando uma possibilidade de sustentabilidade e autonomia para setores da população de baixa renda em países em desenvolvimento; - a uma situação peculiar de relação entre Estado e sociedade, na qual as associações de catadores/recicladores interagem simultaneamente com órgãos dos governos municipais respectivos, do governo estadual e com entidades não-governamentais, como setores da Igreja Católica e ONGs nacionais e internacionais. Através da análise comparativa das características de três associações de reciclagem na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, verificam-se resultados diferenciados no que diz respeito a processos internos de organização do trabalho e de participação nas decisões, bem como em relação às percepções, motivações e expectativas dos catadores/recicladores quanto a sua ocupação.

A mudança vocacional do município de Santo André e o impacto nas receitas municipais

O presente trabalho busca analisar as mudanças econômicas e de perfil produtivo ocorridas em Santo André, município integrante da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), com transformações em seu perfil eminentemente industrial para o incremento do setor de serviços, parcialmente decorrente dos processos de desconcentração industrial vividos em maior escala no país. Partindo-se da formação histórico-econômica local e da identificação de fenômenos globais, como a reestruturação produtiva vivida na indústria, a pesquisa procurou observar os impactos particulares desta reorganização econômica em Santo André, cujo índices apontam para maior retração industrial em comparação com outros municípios da RMSP, no período analisado que compreende os anos de 1990 a 2010. Além disso, o trabalho analisa a particular situação arrecadatória do município, tendo em vista a queda relativa de um de seus principais impostos - o ICMS – apontando questões no que se refere à gestão tributária e otimização dos recursos disponíveis no orçamento municipal. Por fim, diante da situação problema apresentada, a saber, a fragilidade financeira do poder público em contexto de perda de relevância econômica em Santo André, a pesquisa apresenta um quadro de sugestões relativas a diferentes instâncias estratégicas e estruturais, que visam à dinamização e incremento das finanças e desenvolvimento econômico andreenses. A metodologia utilizada para a construção do trabalho contou não apenas com o acesso a textos e análises de especialistas, relativos aos temas indicados, como entrevistas com diversos atores municipais e regionais, entre os quais incluem-se representantes do poder público municipal, lideranças locais de entidades públicas e privadas e pesquisadores acadêmicos.

Competitividade de destinos turísticos e o imperativo sustentável: avaliação de dimensões e atributos condicionantes no Pólo Costa das Dunas, RN, Brasil

Being available as a tourist destination is a necessary condition but not enough for the expansion and success of tourism activity. To be successful, tourism requires investment, inputs, appropriate planning and management, like any other economic activity. A fundamental goal of the destination management is to understand how the competitiveness of a tourist destination can be improved and sustained. Competitive position of tourism can be measured and assessed by various models. Evaluating the indicators of competitiveness of a tourist destination involves a multivariate analysis, ranging from issues directly related to tourism activity itself to the indirect factors. These are elements that are interrelated and that together will point out the competitive condition of this destination. From the definition and characterization of competitiveness, sustainability and management in the context of tourist destinations, understood as the main concepts of this study, we present the main theoretical and methodological models of assessment of competitiveness of tourist destinations in the literature and represent the state of the issue in the scientific treatment of the subject. These models, designed by researchers from several countries and applied in different tourist destinations, are confronted about their structure, indicators considered and localities in which they were applied. The aim of this study was to know and evaluate the condition of tourist competitiveness of the destination Pólo Costa das Dunas, from the constraints attributes of superior performance of the evaluation model of tourist competitiveness of destinations Competenible, suggested by Mazaro, and that suit the requirements of international market aware of the strength and importance of sustainability. The condition of competitiveness of tourist destination in Rio Grande do Norte Pólo Costa das Dunas was moderate. The competitive strengths and weaknesses of the destination Pólo Costa das Dunas revealed through the dozens of sustainable attributes of the model Competenible showed guidelines and initiatives that can be taken to guide strategic decisions related to their planning and management. Thus, this study should serve as support for strategic planning and long-term management of the sector and as a crucial tool for making decisions related to public policies, sectoral investments, monitor processes, strategic planning, direction and control of the local and regional tourism development of destinations