Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of a new compound [Ni(en)(3)](2)[Ni(en)(2)(H2O)(2)][As6V15O42] center dot 4H(2)O

A new compound, [Ni(en)(3)](2)[Ni(en)(2)(H2O)(2)][As6V15O42] . 4H(2)O, was first prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TGA-DSC, ESR and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data: monoclinic, space group C-c, a = 1. 523 6(3) nm, b = 2. 051 8(4) nm, c = 2.395 9(5) nm, beta = 97. 41(3)degrees, V = 7.427(3) nm(3), Z = 4, R = 0. 057 0, wR(2) = 0.135 7. The polyanion consists of six AsO3 pyramids and fifteen VO5 pyramids. Counterions are complex ions with octahedral structure, which consist of NH2CH2CH2NH2 and Ni2+.

新型化合物[Ni(en)_3]_2[Ni(en)_2(H_2O)_2]·[As_6V_(15)O_(42)]·4H_2O晶体的水热合成与表征

多金属氧酸盐因其在医药临床、工业催化、功能材料等方面的广泛应用而引起人们的关注 [1～ 6 ] ,其中 ,有关钒化学的研究一直很活跃 ,钒具有与钼、钨明显不同的结构特性 ,钒可以采取 VO4 ,VO5和VO6 方式配位 ,同时 ,钒的价态可以是 + 3,+ 4和 + 5价 .由于钒可采取多种配位方式及多种价态 ,与钼酸盐和钨酸盐相比 ,钒酸盐更具有结构柔顺性 ,同时易形成低价或混合价态物种 .在以往的文献中 ,有关 P- V- O体系多金属氧酸盐的水热合成的研究已有大量的报道 [7] ,在常规溶液合成中 ,人们已对As- V- O体系进行了相对深入的研究 ,而有关水热合成的研究报道却很少 ,已见报道的砷钒化合物有K6 [As6 V15O4 2 ( H2 O) ]· 6H2 O[8,9] ,[As8V14 O4 2 ( H2 O) 1/2 ]4 - [10 ] ,[As8V14 O4 2 ( X) ]6 - [11] ( X=SO2 - 3,SO2 - 4,H2 O) .为了探究水热条件下 As- V- O体系的反应特性 ,我们开展了这方面的研究工作 ,并取得了突破性进展 .本文采用中温水热技术合成了含有机基团...

钐与磷酸二甲酯配合物的合成和结构

合成了钐与磷酸二甲酯的配合物,该配合物的组成为Sm〔(CH_3O)_2PO_2〕_3,测定了该配合物的红外和拉曼光谱。x射线单晶衍射法测定配合物的晶体属单斜晶系,P2_(1/c)空间群,α=10.434(4)A,b=16.541(3)A,c=10.804(4)A,β=111.75(3)°,V=1731.7(9)A~3,Z=4。钐与6个氧原子配位,每2个相邻的钐原子通过双“O—P—O”桥相连接,形成奇特的“双桥24元环”的环套环网状结构。钐氧配位多面体为稍微扭曲的正八面体。

Aberrant expression of X-linked genes RbAp46, Rsk4, and Cldn2 in breast cancer

The consequence of activation status or gain/loss of an X-chromosome in terms of the expression of tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes in breast cancer has not been clearly addressed. In this study, we investigated the activation status of the X-chromosomes in a panel of human breast cancer cell lines, human breast carcinoma, and adjacent mammary tissues and a panel of murine mammary epithelial sublines ranging from low to high invasive potentials. Results show that most human breast cancer cell lines were homozygous, but both benign cell lines were heterozygous for highly polymorphic X-loci (IDS and G6PD). On the other hand, 60% of human breast carcinoma cases were heterozygous for either IDS or G6PD markers. Investigation of the activation status of heterozygous cell lines revealed the presence of only one active X-chromosome, whereas most heterozygous human breast carcinoma cases had two active X-chromosomes. Furthermore, we determined whether or not an additional active X-chromosome affects expression levels of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. Reverse transcription-PCR data show high expression of putative tumor suppressor genes Rsk4 and RbAp46 in 47% and 79% of breast carcinoma cases, respectively, whereas Cldn2 was down-regulated in 52% of breast cancer cases compared with normal adjacent tissues. Consistent with mRNA expression, immunostaining for these proteins also showed a similar pattern. In conclusion, our data suggest that high expression of RbAp46 is likely to have a role in the development or progression of human breast cancer. The activation status of the X-chromosome may influence the expression levels of X-linked oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes.

Molecular characteristics and expression analysis of calreticulin in Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis

Calreticulin (CRT), as an endoplasmic reticulum luminal resident protein, plays important roles in Ca2+ homeostasis and molecular chaperoning. CRT on the surface of the cell can modulate cell adhesion, phagocytosis and integrin-dependent Ca2+ signaling. The full length cDNA of calreticulin (FcCRT) was cloned from Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. It consists of 1672 by with an open reading frame of 1221 bp, encoding 406 amino acids. This is the first reported cDNA sequence of calreticulin in Crustacea. The deduced amino acid sequence of FcCRT showed high identity with those of Bombyx mori (88%), Drosophila melanogaster (83%), Mus musculus (82%) and Homo sapiens (82%). Highest expression of FcCRT was detected in ovary by Northern blot and in situ hybridization. Different mRNA levels of FcCRT were detected at various molting stages. Expression of FcCRT was induced significantly after 3 h of heat shock treatment, reached the maximum at 4 h and dropped after that. Differential expression profiles of FcCRT were observed in hepatopancreas and haemocytes when shrimp were challenged by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). From the above results, we inferred that FcCRT might play important roles in Ca2+ homeostasis, chaperoning and immune function in shrimp. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Terpenes and polybromoindoles from the marine red alga Laurencia decumbens (Rhodomelaceae)

Two new brominated diterpenes, namely, laurendecumtriol (1) and 11-O-deacetylpinnaterpene C (2), one new polybromoindole, 2,3,4,6-tetrabromo-1-methyl-1H-indole (7), and six known natural products were isolated and identified from the marine red alga Laurencia decumbens. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic and mass-spectrometric analysis as well as by comparison with literature data. Based on 2D-NMR experiments, the previously reported NMR data for pinnaterpene C (3) were reassigned.

一种基于 PSD 的机器人动态轨迹测量系统的研制

本文介绍了一个基于 PSD 的机器人动态位置测量系统,描述了系统的构成,并对该系统中的标定方法,数据处理方法和为提高系统的性能所采取的硬件措施进行探讨,本系统通过长期考机和初步应用,表明了它具有良好的可靠性和有效性.

碎屑锆石年龄和Nd-Hf同位素组成对扬子基底演化的制约

The South China craton was formed by the collision of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks during the Neoproterozoic Jiangnan orogeny (also termed as the Jingnin or Sibao orogeny in Chinese literature). Basement rocks within the Yangtze block consist mainly of Proterozoic sediments of the Lengjiaxi and Banxi Groups. U-Pb ages of detrital zircons obtained by the LA-ICP-MS dating technique imply that the deposition of the Lengjiaxi Group continued until the Neoproterozoic. The youngest detrital zircons suggest a maximum deposition age of ~830 Ma for the Lengjiaxi Group, consistent with the initiation time of the deposition of the overlying Banxi Group, likely indicating continuous deposition of these two groups and a short temporal hiatus (~10 Ma) between the Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks distributed in the South China craton. Detrital zircons from both the Lengjiaxi and Banxi Groups have a wide range of εHf(t) values from -12 to 14.2 and a continuous Nd and Hf model age spectrum from ~820 Ma to 2200 Ma. Some grains have model ages ranging up to ca. 2.9-3.5 Ga, indicating that both juvenile mantle material and ancient crust provided sedimentary detritus. This is also consistent with the Nd isotopic signature of sedimentary rocks recorded in the Lengjiaxi Group, suggesting a back-arc tectonic setting. The Banxi Group has slightly enriched Nd isotopic signatures relative to the Lengjiaxi Group, implying a higher percentage of old continental material in the sedimentary source. Combined with previously published data, new results can help us to reconstruct the Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the South China craton. The age spectrum of detrital zircons and Nd-Hf isotopic composition suggests a two-stage collision: Between 1000 Ma to 870 Ma, a continental magmatic arc was build up along the eastern margin of the Yangtze block. Convergence led to continent-based back-arc extension, subsidence and formation of a back-arc basin. Detritus originating from arc-related magmatic and old basement rocks was transported into this back-arc basin resulting in formation of the Lengjiaxi Group and its equivalents. At around 870 Ma, a second (oceanic) arc was formed by extension of an inter-arc basin, subduction subsequently led to the first collision and the emplacement of the blueschist mélange. Accretion of the magmatic arc lasted until the closure of an oceanic basin between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks at about 830 Ma. Shortly after the collision, subsequent uplift, further extension of the former back-arc basin and post-collisional granitoid magmatism caused a tilting of the Lengjiaxi sediments. Between 830 Ma and 820 Ma, subsequent closure of the oceanic back-arc basin and formation of the Jiangnan orogen took place, leaving a regional unconformity above the Lengjiaxi Group. Above this unconformity the Banxi Group was immediately deposited during the post-tectonic stage.

黔中喀斯特地区的景观变化及其生态效应

为了解喀斯特地区景观变化过程及相应的生态效应,利用遥感影像数据对黔中地区1995 —2000 年的景观格局与动态进行分析。结果显示:研究区以灌木林地、坡耕地、中覆盖度荒草地占据着景观中的优势地位。旱地、林地和荒草坡的转换关系复杂,退耕还林还草与毁林毁草开荒同时并存,植被恢复与退化并存,整体景观尚处于一种波动状态,区域土地利用生态价值并未有明显提高,而呈下降趋势。研究区景观格局特征是岩性、地貌和人为活动共同作用的结果,景观斑块的转化主要受人文因素的影响,耕地的变化主要是被建设用地占用。在1995 —2000 年的土地利用变化中,研究区的生态既有恢复,又存在继续恶化的趋势。

学习不良青少年学业情绪研究：特点、影响学业成就的机制及干预

学业情绪是指在教学或学习过程中，与学生学业相关的各种情绪体验。采用问卷、访谈、实验室实验、自然实验等多种方法，从学习不良青少年学业情绪的特点和影响因素出发，重点考察了学业情绪对学习不良青少年学业成就及选择性注意和持续性注意的影响。在此基础上，制定了学业情绪整合性干预措施，对学习不良青少年进行了学业情绪的干预。结果表明： 1、以1731名初一到高三学生为被试，通过三次取样测试，编制的《青少年学业情绪问卷》具有较好的理论构想和信、效度指标，是研究青少年学业情绪问题的一个有效工具。 2、采用问卷法，比较了学习不良青少年和一般青少年在学业情绪上的特点，被试为普通初中与高中学生1034人，其中学习不良学生506人。结果表明，学习不良青少年比一般青少年有更少的积极学业情绪、更多的消极学业情绪。学习不良青少年与一般青少年在学业情绪上的差异主要体现在初一、初二和高二、高三年级。总体上，消极学业情绪有随着学业时间的延续而增强的趋势，积极学业情绪有随着学业时间延续而降低的趋势。男生的积极学业情绪多于女生，女生的消极学业情绪多于男生。学习不良青少年的学业情绪受人际、学业、课堂、个人等多方面因素的影响，其中人际因素是最主要的因素。 3、以1209名青少年为被试，采用结构方程模型检验了学业情绪对学业成就的影响模式。结果发现，积极高唤醒学业情绪通过成就目标、学业效能、学习策略间接影响学业成就；积极低唤醒、消极低唤醒和消极高唤醒学业情绪对学业成就有直接影响。学业情绪影响学习不良青少年学业成就的模式形态与一般青少年相同。 4、学业情绪对学习不良青少年的选择性注意和持续性注意有一定影响。对70名高一学习不良青少年研究的结果表明，对积极低唤醒学业情绪下选择性注意的反应时成绩优于消极学业情绪。对69名高二学习不良青少年研究的结果表明，消极高唤醒的学业情绪能够增加持续性注意的虚报率，降低抑制能力，而积极高唤醒的学业情绪能够提高判断标准，占用更多的心理资源。 5、以358名高中学生为被试（其中学习不良学生52人），通过学业情绪的整合性教育干预发现，该干预能够有效促进学习不良青少年及全体青少年学业情绪的改善；短期内对学习不良及全体青少年的学业成就提高有积极作用。

Metaphorizing the Holocaust: The Ethics for Comparison

This paper focuses on the ethics of metaphor and other forms of comparison that invoke National Socialism and the Holocaust. It seeks to answer the question: Are there criteria on the basis of which we can judge whether metaphors and associated tropes “use” the Holocaust appropriately? In analyzing the thrust and workings of such comparisons, the paper also seeks to identify and clarify the terminology and concepts that allow productive discussion. In line with its conception of metaphor that is also rhetorical praxis, the paper focuses on specific controversies involving the metaphorization of the Holocaust, primarily in Germany and Austria. The paper develops its argument through the following process. First, it examines the rhetorical/political contexts in which claims of the Holocaust’s comparability (or incomparability) have been raised. Second, it presents a review (and view) of the nature of metaphor, metonymy, and synecdoche. It applies this framework to (a) comparisons of Saddam Hussein with Hitler in Germany in 1991; (b) the controversies surrounding the 2004 poster exhibition “The Holocaust on Your Plate” in Germany and Austria, with particular emphasis on the arguments and decisions in cases before the courts in those countries; and (c) the invocation of “Auschwitz” as metonym and synecdoche. These examples provide the basis for a discussion of the ethics of comparison. In its third and final section the paper argues that metaphor is by nature duplicitous, but that ethical practice involving Holocaust comparisons is possible if one is self-aware and sensitive to the necessity of seeing the “other” as oneself. The ethical framework proposed by the paper provides the basis for evaluationg the specific cases adduced.

Fenomenologiczna myśl antropologiczna Edyty Stein

Edith Steins phänomenologische Anthropologie. Phänomenologische Anthropologie E. Steins zeichnet sich durch die Einfachheit der Ideen aus, die dennoch auf die konstitutivsten Elemente des menschlichen Seins hinweisen. Ihre leider unabgeschlossenen Analysen enthüllen Phänomene, die sich in der empirisch fassbaren, erfahrbaren Existenz der Menschen präsentieren. Dadurch leistet die treueste Schüler Husserls einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Deutung des menschlichen Wesens. Die von ihr hervorgehobenen Aspekte – wie die Seele, in ihrem Wesen und in ihrem Bezug zum Geist, wie die Beziehung des Geistes zur Kultur, wie die Erforschung der breiten Skala der Seelenzustände und Erlebnisse des Bewusstseins – führen ihre Analyse zu einem paradoxem Begriff des Menschen – eines Seienden, das uns zugleich am nächsten und am fernsten bleibt.

Filmy dla muzyki. Egar Varèse i Bill Viola

Anno Mungen focuses on “films made for music” and on the rare phenomenon of ‘music depicted by picture’ (S. Kracauer). The narration about historical metamorphoses of varied forms of coexistence between music and picture is accompanied by a reflection on the laws of audiovisual perception. The main examples are discussed, these concentrating on the artistic ideas of Walt Disney’s animated film Fantasia and – first of all – on Edgard Varèse’s bold ideal of spatial music, attained post mortem in Bill Viola’s Déserts (1994). After a detailed analysis of Viola’s film the author admits that the movie pictures deduced from music are able to render the latter its own substantial visual power.

Debaty prezydenckie 2010: komunikacja przez pryzmat wartości

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja wyników analizy przekazów formułowanych przez dwóch głównych kandydatów w wyborach prezydenckich w 2010 roku, tj. Bronisława Komorowskiego i Jarosława Kaczyńskiego. Praca ma charakter interdyscyplinarny, bowiem łączy w sobie analizę politologiczną kontekstu debat z językoznawczą analizą zawartości wypowiedzi. Wnioski z przeprowadzonych badań potwierdzają, że obaj kandydaci posługiwali się innym rezerwuarem wartości, który ewokował różne sfery aksjologiczne - wysoką w wypowiedziach J. Kaczyńskiego, a niższą B. Komorowskiego. Analiza językowa pokazała również, że językowy obraz świata wartości budowany przez każdego kandydata zakreślał wyraźnie krąg potencjalnych wyborców. Wreszcie, obaj kandydaci wykorzystywali debatę do ukształtowania swojego wizerunku jedynie w dwóch wymiarach „JA jako lider polityczny” i „JA jako przyszły prezydent”, podczas gdy wymiar osobisty wizerunku został podczas debat pominięty przez zarówno przez B. Komorowskiego, jak i J. Kaczyńskiego