Stepped Wedge Design for Multiple Interventions

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-08

Pathologies of Patriarchy: Death, Suffering, Care and Coping in the Gendered Gaps of HIV/AIDS Interventions in Nigeria

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-08

Do Psychosocial Interventions Improve Quality of Life and Wellbeing in Adults with Neuromuscular Disorders? A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis

Background: Quality of life and well-being are frequently restricted in adults with neuromuscular disorders. As such, identification of appropriate interventions is imperative. Objective: The objective of this paper was to systematically review and critically appraise quantitative studies (RCTs, controlled trials and cohort studies) of psychosocial interventions designed to improve quality of life and well-being in adults with neuromuscular disorders. Method: A systematic review of the published and unpublished literature was conducted. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were appraised using a validated quality assessment tool and results presented in a narrative synthesis. Results: Out of 3,136 studies identified, ten studies met criteria for inclusion within the review. Included studies comprised a range of interventions including: cognitive behavioural therapy, dignity therapy, hypnosis, expressive disclosure, gratitude lists, group psychoeducation and psychologically informed rehabilitation. Five of the interventions were for patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). The remainder were for patients with post-polio syndrome, muscular dystrophies and mixed disorders, such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, myasthenia gravis and myotonic dystrophy. Across varied interventions and neuromuscular disorders, seven studies reported a short-term beneficial effect of intervention on quality of life and well-being. Whilst such findings are encouraging, widespread issues with the methodological quality of these studies significantly compromised the results. Conclusion: There is no strong evidence that psychosocial interventions improve quality of life and well-being in adults with neuromuscular disorders, due to a paucity of high quality research in this field. Multi-site, randomised controlled trials with active controls, standardised outcome measurement and longer term follow-ups are urgently required.

Early stage memory loss interventions: utilization, impact, and the experience of living alone.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-08

Reducing waste of food left on plates : interventions based on means-end chain analysis of customers in foodservice sector

The effectiveness of community-based interventions to improve maternal and infant health in the Northeast of Brazil

EMOND, Alan et al. The effectiveness of community-based interventions to improve maternal and infant health in the Northeast of Brazil. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública/ Pan American Journal of Public Health , v.12, n.2, p.101-110, 2002

Effects of early childhood development interventions on parental behaviour: evidence from a home-visiting programme in Peru

Las visitas a domicilio tienen por objeto mejorar los resultados del niño, desplazando las habilidades de crianza de los cuidadores para que puedan ofrecer mejores oportunidades de estimulación a sus hijos. A pesar de este objetivo explícito, hay poca evidencia de países en desarrollo con respecto a los efectos del modelo de visitas a domicilio, en la provisión de la estimulación por los cuidadores. También hay una falta de pruebas de los programas de trabajo a gran escala y poca atención a los mecanismos mediante los cuales estas intervenciones afectan al comportamiento de los padres. Este análisis tiene por objeto contribuir a la literatura sobre las intervenciones de dos maneras. Primero, proporciona evidencia causal sobre los efectos de un programa de visitas a domicilio envergadura sobre el comportamiento del cuidador. En segundo lugar, se explora las restricciones que limitan este cambio de comportamiento y ofrece una forma de pensando en sus mecanismos que es consistente con la evidencia. Yo uso el aleatorio grupal diseño del componente de visitas al hogar del programa Cuna Más en Perú para recoger datos de 20 de control y de tratamiento de 20 distritos rurales sobre las prácticas de crianza y las creencias de los cuidadores en cuanto a la importancia de las interacciones entre padres e hijos para el desarrollo infantil.

Attività scientifiche del progetto Développement des Interventions innovantes sur les cépages de Vignes autochtones pour l’INtégration italo-tunisienne – DIVIN (PS1.1.002)”

Il progetto DIVIN, finanziato dal Programma di Cooperazione Transfrontaliera Italia Tunisia, è coordinato dall'Istituto per l’Ambiente Marino Costiero del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - IAMC-CNR (Bénéficiaire) UOS di Capo Granitola e coinvolge l' Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse – IBBR (P1) del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), il Centro di Biotecnologie di Borj - Cedria - CBBC (P2) L'Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie – INRAT (P3), La Direction Générale de la Production Agricole – DGPA (P4) e L’Associazione “Strada del vino Alcamo Doc” (P5). Il finanziamento complessivo è stato pari a € 674.107,06 e le attività si sono svolte a partire da novembre 2013 per concludersi a luglio 2016. Si è trattato di una prodigiosa opportunità per potenziare e valorizzare le eccellenze scientifiche in campo vitivinicolo e per consolidare la collaborazione tra Italia e Tunisia sulla produzione di vini di qualità e sul lancio di itinerari enoturistici che mettano in dialogo permanente le due sponde del mediterraneo. Il progetto, ha avuto la durata di 31 mesi e ha investito sullo sviluppo di ricerche e soluzioni tecnologiche per prevenire e curare le patologie della vite e per certificare e tracciare la qualità del vino prodotto in Italia e in Tunisia. I benefici del progetto hanno avuto ricadute anche su tutti i territori dell'area di cooperazione in quanto, nella parte finale del progetto, si sono sviluppate azioni di marketing congiunte per la creazione di un marchio d'area e l'ampliamento delle esperienze delle "strade del vino" per creare itinerari turistici tematici che colleghino le zone di produzione siciliane e quelle tunisine.

Unmet needs of young interventional cardiologists: proceedings from the 2nd summit of the European association of percutaneous cardiovascular interventions

Every year, the EAPCI Board invites presidents and representatives of the interventional working groups affiliated to EAPCI to discuss issues and strategies surrounding the goals of education and advanced healthcare practices in interventional cardiology. In 2013, the 2nd EAPCI Summit, organised by the EAPCI Board in collaboration with the NIFYI committee, was entirely dedicated to discussing the unmet needs of the young generation of interventional cardiologists. In this article, we highlight a selection of the key points and proposed actions highlighted during the summit.

Sistema di gestione del progetto “Développement des Interventions innovantes sur les cépages de Vignes autochtones pour l’INtégration italo-tunisienne – DIVIN (PS1.1.002)"

dall'Istituto per l’Ambiente Marino Costiero del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - IAMC-CNR (Bénéficiaire) UOS di Capo Granitola e coinvolge l' Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse – IBBR (P1) del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), il Centro di Biotecnologie di Borj - Cedria - CBBC (P2) L'Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie – INRAT (P3), La Direction Générale de la Production Agricole – DGPA (P4) e L’Associazione “Strada del vino Alcamo Doc” (P5). Il finanziamento complessivo è stato pari a € 674.107,06 e le attività si sono svolte a partire da novembre 2013 per concludersi a luglio 2016. Si è trattato di una prodigiosa opportunità per potenziare e valorizzare le eccellenze scientifiche in campo vitivinicolo e per consolidare la collaborazione tra Italia e Tunisia sulla produzione di vini di qualità e sul lancio di itinerari enoturistici che mettano in dialogo permanente le due sponde del mediterraneo. Il progetto, ha avuto la durata di 31 mesi e ha investito sullo sviluppo di ricerche e soluzioni tecnologiche per prevenire e curare le patologie della vite e per certificare e tracciare la qualità del vino prodotto in Italia e in Tunisia. I benefici del progetto hanno avuto ricadute anche su tutti i territori dell'area di cooperazione in quanto, nella parte finale del progetto, si sono sviluppate azioni di marketing congiunte per la creazione di un marchio d'area e l'ampliamento delle esperienze delle "strade del vino" per creare itinerari turistici tematici che colleghino le zone di produzione siciliane e quelle tunisine.

Sistema di comunicazione e disseminazione del progetto “Développement des Interventions innovantes sur les cépages de Vignes autochtones pour l’INtégration italo-tunisienne – DIVIN (PS1.1.002)”

Il progetto DIVIN, finanziato dal Programma di Cooperazione Transfrontaliera Italia Tunisia, è coordinato dall'Istituto per l’Ambiente Marino Costiero del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - IAMC-CNR (Bénéficiaire) UOS di Capo Granitola e coinvolge l' Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse – IBBR (P1) del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), il Centro di Biotecnologie di Borj - Cedria - CBBC (P2) L'Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie – INRAT (P3), La Direction Générale de la Production Agricole – DGPA (P4) e L’Associazione “Strada del vino Alcamo Doc” (P5). Il finanziamento complessivo è stato pari a € 674.107,06 e le attività si sono svolte a partire da novembre 2013 per concludersi a luglio 2016. Si è trattato di una prodigiosa opportunità per potenziare e valorizzare le eccellenze scientifiche in campo vitivinicolo e per consolidare la collaborazione tra Italia e Tunisia sulla produzione di vini di qualità e sul lancio di itinerari enoturistici che mettano in dialogo permanente le due sponde del mediterraneo. Il progetto, ha avuto la durata di 31 mesi e ha investito sullo sviluppo di ricerche e soluzioni tecnologiche per prevenire e curare le patologie della vite e per certificare e tracciare la qualità del vino prodotto in Italia e in Tunisia. I benefici del progetto hanno avuto ricadute anche su tutti i territori dell'area di cooperazione in quanto, nella parte finale del progetto, si sono sviluppate azioni di marketing congiunte per la creazione di un marchio d'area e l'ampliamento delle esperienze delle "strade del vino" per creare itinerari turistici tematici che colleghino le zone di produzione siciliane e quelle tunisine.

CREATING ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENS: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL AND QUALITATIVE EXAMINATION OF SUPERVSIOR- AND PEER-BASED INTERVENTIONS

Research suggests that supervisors and peers can help employees make sense of what is important or expected from them at work and, thereby, shape their behaviors. In this dissertation, I examine how employees’ organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB), such as helping and voice, are differentially affected by these two sources of influence over time. In particular, I compare the relative and joint effectiveness of two field interventions to enhance OCB: (a) a role clarification intervention in which supervisors are trained to set expectations for OCB for their employees and encourage them to engage in OCB and (b) a norm establishment intervention in which peers are trained to set expectations for each other and encourage each other to perform OCB. I utilize a mixed methods approach involving a quasi-field experiment to test for changes in OCB and qualitative data to explore the theoretical mechanisms over the course of three months in a large food processing plant. I find that role clarification interventions alone have immediate positive effects on OCB, whereas norm establishment interventions alone take a longer period of time to increase OCB. In addition, in the condition where both interventions were combined, norm establishment interventions weaken the effects of role clarification earlier on; however, at later stages in time, this pattern reverses as norm establishment enhances the effects of role clarification on OCB. Through these findings, I highlight how (a) organizations seeking quick increases in citizenship might be better off focusing on supervisors as sources of influence; (b) organizations need to persist with peer-focused interventions to see positive gains; and (c) despite initial hurdles with peer-focused interventions, over time, they can lead to the highest increases in OCB when combined with supervisor-focused interventions.

Effect of haptic guidance and error amplification robotic training interventions on the immediate improvement of timing among individuals that had a stroke

Abstract : Many individuals that had a stroke have motor impairments such as timing deficits that hinder their ability to complete daily activities like getting dressed. Robotic rehabilitation is an increasingly popular therapeutic avenue in order to improve motor recovery among this population. Yet, most studies have focused on improving the spatial aspect of movement (e.g. reaching), and not the temporal one (e.g. timing). Hence, the main aim of this study was to compare two types of robotic rehabilitation on the immediate improvement of timing accuracy: haptic guidance (HG), which consists of guiding the person to make the correct movement, and thus decreasing his or her movement errors, and error amplification (EA), which consists of increasing the person’s movement errors. The secondary objective consisted of exploring whether the side of the stroke lesion had an effect on timing accuracy following HG and EA training. Thirty-four persons that had a stroke (average age 67 ± 7 years) participated in a single training session of a timing-based task (simulated pinball-like task), where they had to activate a robot at the correct moment to successfully hit targets that were presented a random on a computer screen. Participants were randomly divided into two groups, receiving either HG or EA. During the same session, a baseline phase and a retention phase were given before and after each training, and these phases were compared in order to evaluate and compare the immediate impact of HG and EA on movement timing accuracy. The results showed that HG helped improve the immediate timing accuracy (p=0.03), but not EA (p=0.45). After comparing both trainings, HG was revealed to be superior to EA at improving timing (p=0.04). Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between the side of stroke lesion and the change in timing accuracy following EA (r[subscript pb]=0.7, p=0.001), but not HG (r[subscript pb]=0.18, p=0.24). In other words, a deterioration in timing accuracy was found for participants with a lesion in the left hemisphere that had trained with EA. On the other hand, for the participants having a right-sided stroke lesion, an improvement in timing accuracy was noted following EA. In sum, it seems that HG helps improve the immediate timing accuracy for individuals that had a stroke. Still, the side of the stroke lesion seems to play a part in the participants’ response to training. This remains to be further explored, in addition to the impact of providing more training sessions in order to assess any long-term benefits of HG or EA.

Conception d'un robot positionneur d'aiguille pour les interventions percutanées au niveau du foie, guidées par IRM

Dans la dernière décennie, la robotique souple a connu un gain de popularité considérable. Elle est, de façon inhérente, sécuritaire pour les humains et l’environnement qui l’entourent. Grâce à sa faible rigidité, la robotique souple est idéale pour manipuler des objets fragiles et elle est en mesure de s’adapter à son environnement. Les caractéristiques uniques de la robotique souple font de cette technologie un tremplin vers la conception d’appareils médicaux novateurs, plus particulièrement pour des outils permettant le positionnement d’aiguilles dans le but de faire des interventions percutanées, notamment au niveau du foie. Toutefois, la souplesse de cette technologie induit, du même coup, quelques désagréments. Elle procure un comportement sécuritaire, mais entraîne aussi un manque de rigidité limitant les applications de la robotique souple. Sans une rigidité minimale, il est impossible d’accomplir des opérations repérables et précises. La robotique souple a en fait un compromis majeur entre la capacité de chargement et la plage d’utilisation. Pour utiliser cette technologie dans le domaine médical, il est primordial d’ajouter un système permettant de moduler la rigidité du système pour inhiber ce compromis. Couplée avec un système de freinage granulaire, la robotique souple semble comporter l’ensemble des caractéristiques permettant d’accomplir des interventions au foie. Cette étude tend à démontrer que couplée à un système modulant la rigidité, la robotique souple peut être utilisée pour accomplir des opérations d’une façon précise et repérable, tout en demeurant sécuritaire. Le positionneur d’aiguilles développé est 100 % compatible avec l’Imagerie à Résonance Magnétique (IRM). La plage d’insertion du système permet de rejoindre l’entièreté du foie (1500 cm³), tout en maintenant une rigidité suffisante (3 N/mm) et en étant aussi précis que l’outil d’imagerie utilisée (1 mm). L’approche hybride consistant à développer un système activé de façon souple couplée à un module régulant sa rigidité permet d’obtenir à la fois les avantages d’une robotique compliante (souple) et conventionnelle (dure).

Psychosocial Risk Factors, Interventions, and Comorbidity in Patients with Non-Specific Low Back Pain in Primary Care: Need for Comprehensive and Patient-Centered Care

International audience