Reliability Estimation of Open Source Software based Computational Systems

Software systems are progressively being deployed in many facets of human life. The implication of the failure of such systems, has an assorted impact on its customers. The fundamental aspect that supports a software system, is focus on quality. Reliability describes the ability of the system to function under specified environment for a specified period of time and is used to objectively measure the quality. Evaluation of reliability of a computing system involves computation of hardware and software reliability. Most of the earlier works were given focus on software reliability with no consideration for hardware parts or vice versa. However, a complete estimation of reliability of a computing system requires these two elements to be considered together, and thus demands a combined approach. The present work focuses on this and presents a model for evaluating the reliability of a computing system. The method involves identifying the failure data for hardware components, software components and building a model based on it, to predict the reliability. To develop such a model, focus is given to the systems based on Open Source Software, since there is an increasing trend towards its use and only a few studies were reported on the modeling and measurement of the reliability of such products. The present work includes a thorough study on the role of Free and Open Source Software, evaluation of reliability growth models, and is trying to present an integrated model for the prediction of reliability of a computational system. The developed model has been compared with existing models and its usefulness of is being discussed.

Measuring the Maturity of Open Source Software for Digital Libraries: a Case Study of DSpace

The assessment of maturity of software is an important area in the general software sector. The field of OSS also applies various models to measure software maturity. However, measuring maturity of OSS being used for several applications in libraries is an area left with no research so far. This study has attempted to fill the research gap. Measuring maturity of software contributes knowledge on its sustainability over the long term. Maturity of software is one of the factors that positively influence adoption. The investigator measured the maturity of DSpace software using Woods and Guliani‟s Open Source Maturity Model-2005. The present study is significant as it addresses the aspects of maturity of OSS for libraries and fills the research gap on the area. In this sense the study opens new avenues to the field of library and information science by providing an additional tool for librarians in the selection and adoption of OSS. Measuring maturity brings in-depth knowledge on an OSS which will contribute towards the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use as explained in the Technology Acceptance Model theory.

Ein computergestütztes Kurskonzept für den Stochastik-Leistungskurs mit kontinuierlicher Verwendung der Software Fathom - Didaktisch kommentierte Unterrichtsmaterialien

Die Unterrichtsmaterialien beschreiben einen Unterrichtsvorschlag für einen kontinuierlich computergestützten Stochastikunterricht in der gymnasialen Oberstufe. Verwendet wird die Software Fathom. Die Unterrichtsmaterialien wurden bislang in fünf verschiedenen Kasseler Oberstufenkursen (Jahrgangsstufe 12 bzw. 13) erprobt und dabei jeweils weiter entwickelt. Ausgearbeitet sind drei Unterrichtseinheiten: 1. „Einstieg in die Stochastik mit Simulationen“ 2. Unterrichtseinheit „Binomialverteilung“ 3. Unterrichtseinheit „Testen von Hypothesen“ Zu jeder der drei Unterrichtseinheiten existieren eine didaktische Beschreibung, die Arbeitsmaterialien (Arbeitsblätter, Merkblätter zur Ergebnissicherung, dynamische Lernumgebungen) sowie Musterlösungen zu den Aufgaben. Für alle Aufgaben mit Verwendung der Software Fathom stehen die zugehörigen Fathom-Dateien zur Verfügung. Alle Fathom-Dateien (Lernumgebungen und Musterlösungen der Aufgaben) erhalten Sie als *.zip-Datei zum Download.

The DIADEM Software Development Methodology extended to Multimedia Interfaces

DIADEM, created by THOMSON-CSF, is a methodology for specifying and developing user interfaces. It improves productivity of the interface development process as well as quality of the interface. The method provides support to user interface development in three aspects. (1) DIADEM defines roles of people involved and their tasks and organises the sequence of activities. (2) It provides graphical formalisms supporting information exchange between people. (3) It offers a basic set of rules for optimum human-machine interfaces. The use of DIADEM in three areas (process control, sales support, and multimedia presentation) was observed and evaluated by our laboratory in the European project DIAMANTA (ESPRIT P20507). The method provides an open procedure that leaves room for adaptation to a specific application and environment. This paper gives an overview of DIADEM and shows how to extend formalisms for developing multimedia interfaces.

The Human in the Loop: User Participation in Self-Adaptive Software

Self-adaptive software provides a profound solution for adapting applications to changing contexts in dynamic and heterogeneous environments. Having emerged from Autonomic Computing, it incorporates fully autonomous decision making based on predefined structural and behavioural models. The most common approach for architectural runtime adaptation is the MAPE-K adaptation loop implementing an external adaptation manager without manual user control. However, it has turned out that adaptation behaviour lacks acceptance if it does not correspond to a user’s expectations – particularly for Ubiquitous Computing scenarios with user interaction. Adaptations can be irritating and distracting if they are not appropriate for a certain situation. In general, uncertainty during development and at run-time causes problems with users being outside the adaptation loop. In a literature study, we analyse publications about self-adaptive software research. The results show a discrepancy between the motivated application domains, the maturity of examples, and the quality of evaluations on the one hand and the provided solutions on the other hand. Only few publications analysed the impact of their work on the user, but many employ user-oriented examples for motivation and demonstration. To incorporate the user within the adaptation loop and to deal with uncertainty, our proposed solutions enable user participation for interactive selfadaptive software while at the same time maintaining the benefits of intelligent autonomous behaviour. We define three dimensions of user participation, namely temporal, behavioural, and structural user participation. This dissertation contributes solutions for user participation in the temporal and behavioural dimension. The temporal dimension addresses the moment of adaptation which is classically determined by the self-adaptive system. We provide mechanisms allowing users to influence or to define the moment of adaptation. With our solution, users can have full control over the moment of adaptation or the self-adaptive software considers the user’s situation more appropriately. The behavioural dimension addresses the actual adaptation logic and the resulting run-time behaviour. Application behaviour is established during development and does not necessarily match the run-time expectations. Our contributions are three distinct solutions which allow users to make changes to the application’s runtime behaviour: dynamic utility functions, fuzzy-based reasoning, and learning-based reasoning. The foundation of our work is a notification and feedback solution that improves intelligibility and controllability of self-adaptive applications by implementing a bi-directional communication between self-adaptive software and the user. The different mechanisms from the temporal and behavioural participation dimension require the notification and feedback solution to inform users on adaptation actions and to provide a mechanism to influence adaptations. Case studies show the feasibility of the developed solutions. Moreover, an extensive user study with 62 participants was conducted to evaluate the impact of notifications before and after adaptations. Although the study revealed that there is no preference for a particular notification design, participants clearly appreciated intelligibility and controllability over autonomous adaptations.

Software educativo en infantil

Se presenta experiencia educativa que propone la utilizaci??n de las nuevas tecnolog??as para la creaci??n de materiales did??cticos en educaci??n infantil. Se realiza en el CPR Los R??os en Arenas del Rey, Granada. Los objetivos son: conocer en qu?? consiste el proyecto JClic; aprender a instalar correctamente, todos los componentes del programa JClic; conocer cu??les son sus diferentes componentes y en qu?? consiste cada uno de ellos; conocer los diversos tipos de actividades que podemos crear con esta herramienta, as?? como sus caracter??sticas y modalidades; crear diversas actividades utilizando la herramienta JClic autor; crear nuevos proyectos con JClic autor; abrir y modificar proyectos ya existentes; organizar las diferentes actividades creadas o ya existentes; abrir y ejecutar actividades; crear recursos para la utilizaci??n en educaci??n infantil.

Estudio y aplicación de software utilizados actualmente en centros de la comarca.

Adecuación del software de los ciclos formativos de la Familia de Administración del IES La Sagra a los utilizados por las empresas de la comarca.

Software educativo gratuito.

Numerosos programas de los que se presentan en este CD han sido probados y experimentados, entre otros, por el profesorado del C.P. Vicente Aleixandre, de Fortuna (Murcia) durante el curso escolar 2002/2003

A DHT-Based Grid Resource Indexing and Discovery Scheme

This paper presents a DHT-based grid resource indexing and discovery (DGRID) approach. With DGRID, resource-information data is stored on its own administrative domain and each domain, represented by an index server, is virtualized to several nodes (virtual servers) subjected to the number of resource types it has. Then, all nodes are arranged as a structured overlay network or distributed hash table (DHT). Comparing to existing grid resource indexing and discovery schemes, the benefits of DGRID include improving the security of domains, increasing the availability of data, and eliminating stale data.

Memory Hierarchy Hardware-Software Co-design in Embedded Systems

The memory hierarchy is the main bottleneck in modern computer systems as the gap between the speed of the processor and the memory continues to grow larger. The situation in embedded systems is even worse. The memory hierarchy consumes a large amount of chip area and energy, which are precious resources in embedded systems. Moreover, embedded systems have multiple design objectives such as performance, energy consumption, and area, etc. Customizing the memory hierarchy for specific applications is a very important way to take full advantage of limited resources to maximize the performance. However, the traditional custom memory hierarchy design methodologies are phase-ordered. They separate the application optimization from the memory hierarchy architecture design, which tend to result in local-optimal solutions. In traditional Hardware-Software co-design methodologies, much of the work has focused on utilizing reconfigurable logic to partition the computation. However, utilizing reconfigurable logic to perform the memory hierarchy design is seldom addressed. In this paper, we propose a new framework for designing memory hierarchy for embedded systems. The framework will take advantage of the flexible reconfigurable logic to customize the memory hierarchy for specific applications. It combines the application optimization and memory hierarchy design together to obtain a global-optimal solution. Using the framework, we performed a case study to design a new software-controlled instruction memory that showed promising potential.

El papel del software llibre na educación : emplegu actual y opiniones dende la perspeutiva de los coordinadores de Nueves Teunoloxíes n'Asturies. 'El papel del software libre en la educación : empleo actual y opiniones desde la perspectiva de los coordinadores de Nuevas Tecnologías en Asturias'.

Analizar la formación recibida en software por parte de los coordinadores de nuevas tecnologías en los centros educativos públicos no universitarios de Asturias ajustándose a la dicotomía libre/privado. Conocer el tipo de software empleado por estos coordinadores en los diferentes contextos: aula, gestión docente y personal. Valorar su opinión sobre qué software es el más indicado para aplicar en el sistema educativo. Conocer las razones usadas para la selección de uno u otro tipo de software. Explicar, en su caso, las diferencias encontradas con las variables de identificación (sexo, edad, años de experiencia como coordinador de nuevas tecnologías, etc.). Explorar las líneas de un proceso formativo en software libre con profesionales de la educación para identificar las dificultades y oportunidades de la formación en este campo. El trabajo se estructura en dos apartados, en primer lugar, una fundamentación teórica compuesta por dos capítulos en los que se revisan los elementos teóricos de la investigación y en segundo lugar, el estudio de campo donde se aclaran todos los aspectos técnicos del proceso investigador, sus objetivos, sus conclusiones y las líneas de actuación propuestas. En la parte teórica, se abordan las relaciones que se establecen entre el desarrollo tecnológico y social y el modo en que esta relación incide en los discursos sobre la inclusión de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación en la escuela. Se hace una revisión de esta relación entre las TIC y el sistema educativo, que concluye con la esquematización de las racionalidades curriculares existentes y el papel que, los medios en general, y el software en particular, ocupan en ella. Se analizan los conceptos de alfabetización digital, software libre y sistema operativo, y se explica el concepto de código abierto y el programa Linux y, finalmente, se hace un repaso a las argumentaciones contrarias al software libre intentando desenmascarar aquellas que transmiten mitos o falsedades. Se exponen las razones que justifican la difusión del software libre en el sistema educativo. Tras la fundamentación teórica de la investigación, en el apartado, estudio de campo, se describe éste, la metodología y las conclusiones de la investigación. Se ha utilizado una metodología cuantitativa en el caso de la primera parte de la investigación y metodologías cualitativas en el caso de la experiencia de formación en software libre. La técnica de investigación ha sido la encuesta, con la realización de un cuestionario. La muestra la integraron 307 sujetos, de los que sólo un 38,8 por ciento respondió al cuestionario. El perfil tipo de los sujetos muestrales es: varón de 47 años de edad con 22 de experiencia en la educación y 4 como coordinador de nuevas tecnologías. Se concluye que a pesar de que la mayor parte de los sujetos encuestados manifiestan que el software libre es el que se debe emplear en el sistema educativo su uso en la escuela asturiana está lejos de ser una realidad, tanto en el aula como en otros ámbitos, siendo el software privado el que ocupa un lugar prioritario favorecido por las propias políticas de la administración. Finalmente, se realiza una propuesta de actuación encaminada a la elaboración de un plan de implementación de software libre en el sistema educativo del que se apuntan procedimientos a corto, medio y largo plazo.

CoDaPack. An Excel and Visual Basic based software of compositional data analysis. Current version and discussion form upcoming versions

In the eighties, John Aitchison (1986) developed a new methodological approach for the statistical analysis of compositional data. This new methodology was implemented in Basic routines grouped under the name CODA and later NEWCODA inMatlab (Aitchison, 1997). After that, several other authors have published extensions to this methodology: Marín-Fernández and others (2000), Barceló-Vidal and others (2001), Pawlowsky-Glahn and Egozcue (2001, 2002) and Egozcue and others (2003). (...)

L'Aprenentatge autònom del software estadístic

El procés de convergència cap a l’Espai Europeu d’Educació Superior ens ha fet reflexionar, entre d’altres aspectes, sobre les competències que l’alumne ha de desenvolupar per tal d’exercir la seva professió en el futur. Una d’aquestes competències, en el cas dels estadístics, és la de ser capaç d’utilitzar de manera autònoma el software especialitzat que serà la seva futura eina de treball. En aquest estudi ens plantegem augmentar el nivell d’autonomia dels alumnes d’aplicacions informàtiques dins de la Diplomatura d’Estadística mitjançant la realització d’activitats d’autoaprenentatge. Els resultats ens permeten concloure que efectivament la realització d’aquest tipus d’activitats augmenten la capacitat de l’alumne per treballar de manera autònoma davant de l’ordinador