Tangibilidade, classe de ativos e estrutura de capital das empresas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA

This study aims to investigate the influence of the asset class and the breakdown of tangibility as determinant factors of the capital structure of companies listed on the BM & FBOVESPA in the period of 2008-2012. Two current assets classes were composed and once they were grouped by liquidity, they were also analyzed by the financial institutions for credit granting: current resources (Cash, Bank and Financial Applications) and operations with duplicates (Stocks and Receivables). The breakdown of the tangible assets was made based on its main components provided as warrantees for loans like Machinery & Equipment and Land & Buildings. For an analysis extension, three metrics for leverage (accounting, financial and market) were applied and the sample was divided into economic sectors, adopted by BM&FBOVESPA. The data model in dynamic panel estimated by a systemic GMM of two levels was used in this study due its strength to problems of endogenous relationship as well as the omitted variables bias. The found results suggest that current resources are determinants of the capital structure possibly because they re characterized as proxies for financial solvency, being its relationship with debt positive. The sectorial analysis confirmed the results for current resources. The tangibility of assets has inverse proportional relationship with the leverage. As it is disintegrated in its main components, the significant and negative influence of machinery & equipment was more marked in the Industrial Goods sector. This result shows that, on average, the most specific assets from operating activities of a company compete for a less use of third party resources. As complementary results, it was observed that the leverage has persistence, which is linked with the static trade-off theory. Specifically for financial leverage, it was observed that the persistence is relevant when it is controlled for the lagged current assets classes variables. The proxy variable for growth opportunities, measured by the Market -to -Book, has the sign of its contradictory coefficient. The company size has a positive relationship with debt, in favor of static trade-off theory. Profitability is the most consistent variable in all the performed estimations, showing strong negative and significant relationship with leverage, as the pecking order theory predicts

PANDEMIA FINANCIERA: efectos sobre la economía costarricense durante el año 2008

Resumen En el presente artículo se analizaron las principales características de la crisis financiera internacional y los efectos sobre la economía costarricense durante el 2008. Las variables claves objeto de análisis se seleccionaron a partir de las manifestaciones de voceros calificados del Gobierno y de los sectores empresariales. Entre las conclusiones más importantes se obtuvo que los efectos de la crisis financiera internacional fueron relativamente poco significativos y, las principales causas de la contracción de la economía costarricense se encuentran en factores internos, sobre todo ligados a la política cambiaria y crediticia local. Abstract This article analyzes the main features of the international financial crisis and its effects on Costa Rican economy during 2008. The key variables for analysis were selected from statements of qualified spokesmen of the Government and business sectors. Among the most important findings was that the effects of the international financial crisis were not so meaningful, and the main causes of the contraction of the Costa Rican economy are domestic factors, mainly linked to local credit and exchange policies.

CRISIS ALIMENTARIA: NUEVO MEGA-NEGOCIO GLOBAL

Resumen El presente artículo desenmascara la forma en que falazmente las instituciones financieras multilaterales pretenden hacer ver las causas de lo que han dado en llamar “la crisis alimentaria mundial” a partir del incremento de los precios de los alimentos alrededor del mundo. Agrocombustibles, incremento del precio del petróleo, cambio climático en zonas productoras son algunas de las causas que el Banco Mundial pone como justificación al incremento del precio de la mayoría de cereales y granos básicos. La milagrosa solución al hambre en los países pobres: la minería, es lanzada desde este todopoderoso agente financiero, como panacea para la producción de regalías que permitan a muchos países de África y algunos de América Latina y Asia,  para resolver la problemática alimentaria.  ¡Nada más falso! En los siguientes párrafos se describen las verdaderas razones de la crisis del actual modelo económico mundial, y se proponen desde un país en concreto,  propuestas de política pública para su solución.   Abstract The present article unmasks the way in which multilateral financial institutions pretend fallaciously to show the causes of which they have given to call “the world food crisis” since the increasing prices of food around the world. Agrofuels, increase the price of oil, produces climate chance in zones used for production, these are some of the causes that the World Bank uses to justify the increasing prices of the majority of cereals and grains. The miraculous solution for hunger in poor countries: mining, is launched from this all mighty financial agent, as a panacea to produce royalties that will permit many countries in Africa, and in some in Latin American and Asia, to solve their food problematic. Nothing more false than that! In the next paragraphs the true reasons of this crisis of the actual economic world model are described, and from a particular country, proposals of public politics for their solutions.

Avaliação fiscal vs valores de mercado de imóveis em dação em pagamento (segmento habitacional)

Mestrado em Gestão e Avaliação Imobiliária

Interest rate (in)sensitivity of emerging market corporate debt : economic analysis based on 2002-2015 empirical evidence

Interest rate sensitivity assessment framework based on fixed income yield indexes is developed and applied to two types of emerging market corporate debt: investment grade and high yield exposures. Our research advances beyond the correlation analyses focused on co- movements in yields and/or spreads of risky and risk-free assets. We show that correlation- based analyses of interest rate sensitivity could appear rather inconclusive and, hence, we investigate the bottom line profit and loss of a hypothetical model portfolio of corporates. We consider historical data covering the period 2002 – 2015, which enable us to assess interest rate sensitivity of assets during the development, the apogee, and the aftermath of the global financial crisis. Based on empirical evidence, both for investment and speculative grades securities, we find that the emerging market corporates exhibit two different regimes of sensitivity to interest rate changes. We observe switching from a positive sensitivity under the normal market conditions to a negative one during distressed phases of business cycles. This research sheds light on how financial institutions may approach interest rate risk management, evidencing that even plain vanilla portfolios of emerging market corporates, which on average could appear rather insensitive to the interest rate risk in fact present a binary behavior of their interest rate sensitivities. Our findings allow banks and financial institutions for optimizing economic capital under Basel III regulatory capital rules.

Governed by the cycle : direct and inverted interest-rate sensitivity of emerging market corporate debt

An innovative approach to quantify interest rate sensitivities of emerging market corporates is proposed. Our focus is centered at price sensitivity of modeled investment grade and high yield portfolios to changes in the present value of modeled portfolios composed of safe-haven assets, which define risk-free interest rates. Our methodology is based on blended yield indexes. Modeled investment horizons are always kept above one year thus allowing to derive empirical implications for practical strategies of interest rate risk management in the banking book. As our study spans over the period 2002 – 2015, it covers interest rate sensitivity of assets under the pre-crisis, crisis, and post-crisis phases of the economic cycles. We demonstrate that the emerging market corporate bonds both, investment grade and high yield types, depending on the phase of a business cycle exhibit diverse regimes of sensitivity to interest rate changes. We observe switching from a direct positive sensitivity under the normal pre-crisis market conditions to an inverted negative sensitivity during distressed turmoil of the recent financial crisis, and than back to direct positive but weaker sensitivity under new normal post-crisis conjuncture. Our unusual blended yield-based approach allows us to present theoretical explanations of such phenomena from economics point of view and helps us to solve an old controversy regarding positive or negative responses of credit spreads to interest rates. We present numerical quantification of sensitivities, which corroborate with our conclusion that hedging of interest rate risk ought to be a dynamic process linked to the phases of business cycles as we evidence a binary-like behavior of interest rate sensitivities along the economic time. Our findings allow banks and financial institutions for approaching downside risk management and optimizing economic capital under Basel III regulatory capital rules.

Fatores relevantes no relacionamento Banca-PME : orientações para gestores de PME

Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais

LA CRISIS FINANCIERA: ¿ESTAFA, MALA GESTIÓN EMPRESARIAL, MAL MANEJO MACROECONÓMICO O UNA FALTA DE REGULACIONES? DE NUEVO LAS ENSEÑANZAS

Resumen La intensificación de la crisis a nivel global, luego de la bancarrota de Lehman Brothers en septiembre del 2008, ha provocado que el actual entorno económico y financiero sea complicado para la economía mundial, el sector financiero a nivel global y para los bancos centrales. La actual crisis deriva de muchas causas; no obstante las principales son tres: primero, aspectos macroeconómicos; segundo, la inadecuada regulación de los entes encargados, y tercero, los reguladores estimularon el rápido crecimiento de los derivados en el mercado OTC. Abstract The amplification of the global financial crisis, following the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers in September 2008, has made the present economic and financial environment a not easy time for the world economy, the global financial system and for central banks. There are many causes from the recent financial crisis. Main could be three. First, there were macroeconomic components. Second, the inadequate oversight/regulation provided by financial market regulators. And third, federal regulators have actively encouraged the rapid growth of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives and securities by all types of financial institutions.

Implicaciones tributarias en la determinación del impuesto a la renta como resultado de la revaluación de propiedad, planta y equipo en el sector industrial, en el cantón Cuenca a partir de la implementación de las NIIF en el Ecuador

En el Ecuador, a partir del año 2010, por resolución de la Superintendencia de Compañías, las compañías que se encuentran reguladas por este organismo, deben aplicar de manera obligatoria las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF), cuyo objetivo fundamental es que los Estados Financieros reflejen la realidad de la compañía y puedan ser comparables a nivel mundial, permitiendo una mayor competitividad y mejor toma de decisiones. La exención de la NIIF 1 permite optar en la fecha de transición a las NIIF por la medición de una partida de propiedad, planta y equipo por su Valor Razonable, y utilizar este valor como Costo Atribuido lo que implica contablemente un incremento en el valor tanto del activo como del patrimonio así como el reconocimiento de impuestos diferidos. Las NIIF no están diseñadas para realizar reportes impositivos por lo que la revaluación en los elementos de propiedad, planta y equipo generó implicaciones tributarias en la determinación del Impuesto a la Renta sobre todo en el sector industrial porque las compañías que pertenecen a este sector tienen en sus activos un valor significativo en propiedad, planta y equipo. El presente trabajo de investigación se lo realizó a través de un estudio de caso a una de las compañías objeto de estudio así como también a través de la aplicación de encuestas a las compañías que pertenecen al sector industrial del Cantón Cuenca y del análisis de la información que consta en la página de la Superintendencia de Compañías de dichas compañías.

O acesso à habitação no Brasil em tempos de capitalismo financeirizado : uma análise do Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Serviço Social, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Política Social, 2016.

Essays on internationalization in the context of heterogeneous firms

The significant increase in global trade flows in last decades has been one of the main features of the globalization process that started in the 1950s. In general, the main factors behind this increase were linked to (i) the significant reductions of trade costs and technical barriers; (ii) the improvements in transport infrastructure and telecommunications; (iii) the progress of the international financial system and the increasing legal certainty; and (iv) the development of a corporate culture that promotes the internationalization of firms as a strategic tool in order to survive and to grow. The remarkable increase of trade openness has also been observed in the Spanish economy. In this regard, it is clear that the entry into force of the Treaty of Accession of Spain to the European Economic Community (now the European Union) in 1986 played a main role in this dramatic increase. In addition, and because of the deep depression of domestic demand caused by the global financial and economic crisis that started in 2008, the external trade has become a key driver in the economic recovery of the Spanish economy...

Enhancement to the Mortgage Licensing Process

The Consumer Finance Division of the South Carolina State Board of Financial Institutions is responsible for the supervision, licensing and examination of all consumer finance companies, deferred presentment companies, check cashing companies, and non-depository mortgage lenders and their loan originators. This project specifically focuses on the licensing of Mortgage Lender/Servicer ( company), Mortgage Lender/Servicer Branch (branch) and Mortgage Loan Originator (loan originator) licenses. The problem statement is how the Division can handle increasing the number of mortgage loan originators in the state without delaying the time to process applications. The goal of this project is to make the current licensing process more efficient so that the Division can handle the increased workload without having to hire additional personnel.

Comparative statement of condition of state banks in South Carolina

This is a comparative statement of condition of state banks in South Carolina as compiled by Robert C. Cleveland, Commissioner of Banking.

Comparative statement of condition of state banks in South Carolina

This is a comparative statement of condition of state banks in South Carolina as compiled by Robert C. Cleveland, Commissioner of Banking.

Comparative statement of condition of state banks in South Carolina

This is a comparative statement of condition of state banks in South Carolina as compiled by Louie A. Jacobs, Commissioner of Banking.