Estudo comparativo entre a acepromazina, clorpromazina e levomepromazina em diferentes doses, através do exame bispectral, termo e pressoalgimetria, em cães

The study's objective was to realize comparisons among different acepromazine, chlorpromazine and methotrimeprazine doses, evaluate parametric changes, test analgesia using press and term algimetry, and evaluate bispectral condition. 90 mongrel dogs were used, male and female, adult, weighting 10 to 15 Kg as a rule, distributed in 9 groups with 10 animals each. At first, second and third groups acepromazine was used at 0,1; 0,05 e 0,025 mg/Kg, respectively. At forth, fifth and sixth groups, chlorpromazine was used at 1,0; 0,5 and 0,25 mg/Kg, respectively. At seventh, eighth and ninth groups, methotrimeprazine at 1,0; 0,5 and 0,25 mg/Kg was used, respectively. All drugs were administered intravenously. objects of study: heart rate (HR), non invasive blood pressure (SAP, MAP, DAP), respiratory rate (f), capnography (ETCO(2)), pulse oxymetry (SatO(2)), mouth and rectal temperature, bispectral index (BIS), electromyography (EMG%), press and term algimetry. Somatic analgesia was evaluated by animal's response to nociceptives stimulus. We concluded that chlorpromazine had more bypotension. Dogs showed higher hypnosis level at: chlorpromazine group, with evident myorelaxation. All groups showed analgesia to thermic and mechanic stimulus. Acepromazine group showed high duration to both pain stimuli. Bispectral index was shorten at chlorpromazine group at 1,0 mg/kg doses, showing higher hypnosis index, and acepromazine was the less depressing considering the bispectral index.

Avaliação da produção de leite e contagem de células somáticas em bovinos leiteiros suplementads com Saccharomyces cerevisiae como fonte de zinco orgânico

The aim of the evaluation of milk production and somatic cell count of dairy cow supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a source of organic zinc for 180 days, 25 Holstein cows were selected, randomly chosen from a flock of 189 lactating cows. The animals were distributed in two groups, namely group 1 (G1) which holded 10 cows supplemented and group 2 (G2) with 15 animals without supplementation. The production of milk was measured by the control official milkman of the Assocition Paranaense of Creators of Bovine of the Holstein in seven moments during the 180 days. The samples of milk were collected of each animal, being submitted to the electronic counting of somatic cells. The results demonstrate that the supplemented of organic zinc didn't alter the production of milk, however it was capable to maintain low the counting of somatic cells. The data of the present work suggest that to use supplemented of organic zinc in the diet of cows milk, increase the quality of the produced milk and consequently the remuneration for the producer.

Estudo epidemiológico das dermatofitoses em cães e gatos atendidos no serviço de dermatologia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da UNESP - Botucatu

The objective of this study was to assess the medical records of the patients whose mycological culture of the hair in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar supplemented with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide was positive for dermathophytes, and review the cases of dermatophytosis. One hundred and thirty six medical records of patients (114 dogs and 22 cats) with dermatophytosis attended in a period of 54 months in the Veterinary Hospital of the UNESP - Botucatu were evaluated. Results obtained in this analysis have shown that the majority of the cultures were positive for Mycrosporum canis. There was no statistical difference between genders, but the number of defined breed dogs presenting dermatophytosis was higher than mongrel dogs. Among feline cases, however, there were a higher number of mongrel cats. The majority of the people and animals in contact with the patients did not report skin lesions. 32,5% of the dogs presented middle intensity itchiness, while in cats itchiness was absent in 77,3% of cases. 69,3% of the animals did not present clinical signs other than dermatological. Mean ages were 4 years in dogs and 3 years in cats. There was no statistical effect of season in the occurrence of dermatophytosis. Among animals submitted to Wood lamp evaluation, 40,9% of the dogs and 33,3% of the cats were positive for dermatophytes. Most dogs had generalized lesions, while the majority of cats presented focal lesions. The most common lesions observed were: alopecia, crusts and erythema.

Imunomarcação de células CD3+ e CD79a+ nas lesões descamativas e ulcerativas de cães com leishmaniose

Canine visceral leishmaniasis is an endemic infectious disease in some regions from São Paulo state and even though it is a systemic disease, in the dog, the main clinical sign is dermatological. Thirty dogs with positive results in serology (IFI) and parasitological exams (fine needle aspiration) for leishmaniasis from Aracatuba city were evaluated. They only showed dermatological signs and were divided in two groups, one with exfoliative (n=15) and other with ulcerative (n=15) lesions. There was significant statistical difference between CD3 and CD79a population in the same dermatological pattern, and with CD79a population between exfoliative and ulcerative patterns (p<0,05).

Incidence and transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum in primiparous females from Bos indicus slaughtered in Presidente Pradente, São Paulo, Brazil

To produce an epidemiological map of neosporosis in Brazil and identify the types of transmission of this disease, the present study evaluated the occurrence of Neospora caninum in Nelore cattle (Bos indicus) in Presidente Prudent, west region of São Paulo state; its vertical transmission; and the early stage in which fetuses are infected. To achieve this, serum samples from 518 slaughtered pregnant heifers and their fetuses were tested by ELISA technique and fetal brain tissues subjected to PCR. One hundred and three heifers (19.88%) had antibodies to N. caninum, as well as 38 (36.8%) of fetuses from 4 months of gestation. The conventional PCR failed to detect N. caninum DNA. These findings show that neosporosis occurs in the area studied and that it may be transmitted the transplacental route, althought N. caninum had not detected in brain tissue from non-aborted fetuses. The use of nested PCR it would be applied to increase the sensitivy of test.

Incidência das dermatopatias auto-imunes em cães e gatos e estudo retrospectivo de 40 casos de lupus eritematoso discóide atendidos no serviço de dermatologia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da UNESP – Botucatu

The objectives of this study were to do a survey of the autoimmune skin diseases and update the records regarding the occurrence of discoid lupus erythematosus in canine and feline populations attended at the Dermatology Service of the College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of UNESP - Botucatu, including species, gender, breed, age, location and characteristic of the lesions. Results have shown that the order of occurrence, regarding the number of cases of autoimmune skin diseases in the animals attended by the Dermatology Service in the period from 1988 to 2007 was: discoid lupus erythematosus, pemphigus folliaceus, uveo-dermatologic syndrome, pemphigus vulgaris, systemic lupus erythematosus, necrolytic migratory erythema, multiforme erythema and plasmacytic pododermatitis. All the animals with discoid lupus erythematosus were dogs and most of them were mongrel females. More frequently breeds affected by discoid lupus erythematosus were german shepherd and akita and the mean age was 56 months. Most lesions were located in nasal planum, narines and periocular area and were characterized by crusting, depigmentation and erythema.

Tristeza Parasitária em bovinos na região de Botucatu – SP: estudo retrospectivo de 1986 – 2007

A retrospective study of Cattle Tick Fever was made with animals up to one year old, which occurred from 1986-2007 in Botucatu-SP in the influence area of the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - UNESP. There were 232 cases and 57 deaths. The main etiological agent causing the disease on this region is Anaplasma marginale identified as a single agent in 31.5% of the cases. Most of the cases occurred on autumn in mixed-blood animals two to six months old. Predominant clinical signs included apathy, hyporexia or anorexia, dehydration, weight loss and pale mucosa. The high incidence and mortality observed justify prophylactic actions to have the balance between host, agent, vector, and environment, thus avoiding the clinical form of disease and death of livestock herds in the region.

Concentração do zinco sérico em vacas leiteiras suplementadas com Saccharomyces cerevisiae, portadoras ou não de lesões podais

The present study was conducted to evaluate bovine serum zinc concentration in animals with and without hoof lesions, supplemented or not with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an organic zinc source. The supplementation was carried out during 180 days. Forty-five Holstein cows were randomly chosen from a dairy herd of 189 lactating cows. The animals were distributed in three groups. In G1, 20 heifers with foot lesions were fed a diet supplemented with S. cerevisae. In G2, 10 heifers without hoof lesions were fed a diet with supplementation. In G3, 15 heifers with hoof lesions were fed a diet without supplementation. Serum samples were collected on day 0, 90 and 180, after the beginning of the experiment. Serum zinc concentration was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The results showed there not to be an increase significant serum of zinc among the groups, and in the animals inside of the group 1 (G1) it happened an increase (P<0,01) of the concentration of zinc (0,84 for 1,16 mu g/mL). The oral supplementation of organic zinc didn't increase the concentration serum of zinc, although in the last 90 days of the experiment it has happened an elevation of the value serum of zinc in the groups supplemented.

Cutaneous myxosarcoma in a Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

The pathological findings in a 2-years-old Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) with a cutaneous myxosarcoma are described. Grossly, there was a large cutaneous mass in the right cervical region. Microscopical evaluation revealed a myxosarcoma characterized by pleomorphic, fusiform cells loosely arranged, randomly distributed, and presenting a moderate amount of basophilic amorphous stroma. There were hemorrhagic areas within the tumor. The basophilic amorphous stroma was positive to Alcian blue confirming the presence of a mucopolysaccharide matrix. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells expressed vimentin, and were negative for cytokeratin or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).

O leucograma como indicador de estresse no desmame e no transporte rodoviário de bovinos da raça Nelore

Stress can cause economic losses due to lower weight gain and increased susceptibility of animal diseases. Among the events that cause stress in calves, stand out weaning and road transport, which can result in increased serum concentrations of adrenaline and / or cortisol. This study evaluated the influence of weaning and road transport on the leukogram of Nelore calves. With this purpose, 30 calves with seven to eight months of age, divided into three groups, the first being composed of lactating animals (GL), the second by weaning animals (GD) and the third by weaning animals subjected to road transport for four hours (GDT). The first day of weaning, but not in subsequent days, there were changes in GD and GDT leukogram compatible with the action of adrenaline, as significant increases counts of WBC and neutrophils (p < 0.05), without changing in the neutrophil lymphocytes ratio (NL). In the GDT, immediately after transport, but not in subsequent days, leukogram changes were (p < 0.05) compatible with the action of cortisol, as higher N: L ratio and decreased eosinophil count. It was concluded that, under the conditions of this experiment, there are changes in leukocytes on weaning and road transport related to the action of adrenaline and road transport, respectively, and that the WBC can be used as an indicator of stress in this species.

Facial paralysis associated to hypothyroidism in a dog

The hypothyroidism is the most commonly endocrinopathy in dogs, that occurs preferentially in middle-aged pure breed. The clinical signs associated with hypothyroidism are variable, many times non-specific, including metabolical, dermatological or cardiovascular. The main laboratorial findings are non-regenerative anemia and hypercholesterolemia. Hyponatremia, increase on alanine transferase and alkaline phosphatase activity also can be observed in a lower frequency. There are some reports of peripheral neuropathies caused by hypothyroidism, but the pathophysiology of this process is still unknown. There are specific diagnostic tests that can be used to help diagnose hypothyroidism, and those should be aligned together with the animal's clinical symptoms. The thyroxine stimulating hormone, and free and total thyroxine concentrations are the most used tests. A Pit Bull dog, female, over weighted, was treated presenting left facial paralysis. Thyroid function tests confirmed hypothyroidism. The animal was treated with hormonal replacement and there was improvement in clinical signs in 40 days, confirming that hypothyroidism was facial paralysis' cause.

Prostatic abscess in dogs: report of 15 cases

Fifteen cases of dogs with prostatic abscesses are reported. The animals were underwent to physical examination prioritizing the digital rectal exam with transabdominal palpation of the prostate gland followed by blood cell count, measurement of serum urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels, abdominal's radiographic and ultrasound exams, and culture of the prostate. The animals were underwent to different treatments being related to the animal's general state, location, size and quantity of prostatic abscesses. This description reiterates the importance of prostatic disease in canine medicine once the detailed physical examination associated with specific complementary tests, particularly x-ray and ultrasound, are valuable for the detection of dog's prostatic diseases. Surgical procedures used here are effective to the treatment of prostatic abscesses with low mortality rate.

Intoxicação por metronidazol em cão - relato de caso

Metronidazole is a nitronidazolic antibiotic used in veterinary medicine to the treatment of a variety of diseases. The cause of metronidazole neurotoxicity has not been determined. We report the case of a dog, female, Teckel, five-year-old, with a history of dorsiflexion of the tail, ataxia, muscle stiffness, recumbency, vertical nystagmus, apathy and anorexia, which was being medicated for seven days with metronidazole in a dose higher than the maximum recommended, and the neurological signs began after this period. Neurological signs were consistent with central vestibular dysfunction caused by metronidazole, such as ataxia and vertical nystagmus. In addition to the neurological changes, the clinical signs of anorexia and apathy are consistent with the administration of excessive doses of the medicine. The diagnosis of metronidazole-induced toxicosis is based on the history of normal to increased doses, clinical signs and resolution after discontinuation of the drug. In general, the prognosis is good after drug withdrawal and early diagnosis. Some dogs may die and others may recover completely. The neurotoxicosis has disappeared after the suspension of the medicine and supportive treatment. Veterinarians must be aware of potential complications associated with the use of this medicine, as well as limit their chronic use or high doses for the most severe cases, and diagnose the problem as quickly as possible to institute an early treatment.

Uso de imunomoduladores nas enfermidades infecciosas dos animais domésticos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Papilomatose oral em cães: revisão da literatura e estudo de doze casos

Canine papillomatosis is an infectious viral disease characterized by oral, cutaneous or ocular papillomas, usually benign. The treatment is indicated in animals, with multiple tumors that produce pharyngeal obstruction, and problems, of eating or for aesthetic reasons. Different treatment protocols have been proposed, including surgical excision, cryosurgery, electro surgery, autogenous or recombinant vaccines, imunomodulators drugs, systemic and intralesional chemotherapy. In this study were reviewed the more important aspects of canine oral papillomatosis. In the 12 studied animals, the papillomas were observed predominantly in mouth, gum and palate regions, in puppies until 12 months, presenting combined infection with ehrlichiosis. The treatment using Propionibacterium acnes and/or autogenous vaccine showed efficacy in eight dogs (66.7%).