989 resultados para ELEVATED CO2
Resumo:
介绍了近年来CO2置换开采天然气水合物技术的研究进展;论述了CO2与天然气水合物中CH4置换反应在热力学上的可能性;认为正确理解置换反应机理、探索新的反应技术并提高反应速率是置换开采技术走向产业化的关键。
This paper introduces the advancement in research on replacement of CH4 from hydrate with CO2, and discusses the thermodynamic feasibility of replacment reaction between CO2 and CH4 hydrate, and points out that correct understanding of the replacement mechanism, new reaction techniques and higher reaction rate will be the key to commercial application.
Resumo:
The effects of five metal catalysts (K, Na, Ca, Mg, and Fe) on CO2 gasification reactivity of fir char were studied using thermal gravimetric analysis. The degree of carbonization, crystal structure and morphology of char samples was characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The CO2 gasification reactivity of fir char was improved through the addition of metal catalysts, in the order K>Na>Ca>Fe>Mg. XRD analysis indicated that Na and Ca improved the formation of crystal structure, and that Mg enhanced the degree of carbon structure ordering. SEM analysis showed that spotted activation centers were distributed on the surface of char samples impregnated with catalysts. Moreover, a loose flake structure was observed on the surface of both K-char and Na-char. Finally, the kinetic parameters of CO2 gasification of char samples were calculated mathematically.
Resumo:
The lattice damage accumulation in GaAs and Al0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs superlattices by 1 MeV Si+ irradiation at room temperature and 350-degrees-C has been studied. For irradiations at 350-degrees-C, at lower doses the samples were almost defect-free after irradiation, while a large density of accumulated defects was induced at a higher dose. The critical dose above which the damage accumulation is more efficient is estimated to be 2 x 10(15) Si/cm2 for GaAs, and is 5 x 10(15) Si/cm2 for Al0.8Ga0.7As/GaAs superlattice for implantation with 1.0 MeV Si ions at 350-degrees-C. The damage accumulation rate for 1 MeV Si ion implantation in Al0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs superlattice is less than that in GaAs.
Resumo:
The intermittent illumination treatment by white light at elevated temperature is proved to be a convenient and efficient method for the improvement of the stability of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films. The effect of the treatment on electrical properties, light-induced degradation, and gap states of undoped a-Si:H films has been investigated in detail. With the increase of cycling number, the dark- as well as photo-conductivities in annealed state and light-soaked state approach each other, presenting an unique irreversible effect. The stabilization and ordering processes by the present treatment can not be achieved merely by annealing under the same conditions. It is shown that the treatment proposed here results in a shift to higher values of the energy barriers between defects and their precursors, and hence an improved stability of a-Si:H films. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics.
Resumo:
利用质谱分析仪测定成人皮肤释放出的微量CO_(2)气体, 研究流过皮肤表皮的CO_(2)渗透率。对六名健康男性受试者的前臂曲侧面皮肤测定的CO_(2)气体渗透率平均值为3.78±0.45×10~(-4)m l/min cm~(2)。CO_(2)释放的强度取决于在身体不同的测试部位, 而且还受到呼吸深度的影响。图5表1参9
Resumo:
本文以开顶箱法分别控制CO2、O3浓度,在CO2、O3浓度升高及其二者相互作用条件下,分析沈阳城市森林主要树种油松、银杏活性氧水平,抗氧化系统活性以及膜脂过氧化程度动态变化,揭示城市油松、银杏抗氧化系统对全球气候变化的响应规律。 1. 在短期(60天)内CO2浓度倍增(700µmol mol-1)使油松、银杏超氧自由基(O2-.) 产生速率与过氧化氢(H2O2)含量减少,而抗坏血酸(ASA)含量与超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDAR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(GR)活性升高,丙二醛(MDA)含量下降。与对照相比,大多数测定显示出显著差别。植株抗氧化能力增强,对活性氧清除能力提高。但长期(70天以上)CO2浓度倍增处理则使试验结果发生逆转。 2. 高浓度O3(80nmol mol-1)使O2-. 产生速率提高,H2O2 含量增加,MDA含量也随之增加。ASA含量与SOD、APX及GR活性在高浓度臭氧熏蒸的前期升高,但随着臭氧暴露时间的延长ASA含量与保护酶活性均变得低于对照。因此,在高浓度臭氧熏蒸的前期(30天以内),抗氧化酶能够在一定程度上调节自身的活性适应环境变化。但连续的高浓度臭氧胁迫导致活性氧含量升高,抗氧化酶活性下降。在试验后期, 虽然肉眼可见的伤害尚未观察到,但丙二醛含量显著升高,膜脂过氧化程度加深,油松、银杏的抗氧化系统已经不能抵抗长期臭氧胁迫所带来的氧化伤害。 3. 高浓度O3熏蒸初期,经倍增浓度CO2预处理的油松、银杏O2-.产生速率与H2O2含量,SOD、APX、MDAR、GR活性与自然O3浓度条件下植株无显著差异,表明高浓度CO2预处理银杏、油松对O3的抵抗能力增强。但随着高O3曝露时间的延长,O2-.产生速率与H2O2含量增加,SOD、APX、MDAR与GR活性低于对照,而且(经高CO2预处理后移入自然CO2、O3浓度中的植株)之差异逐渐增大,在试验末期达到差异显著水平,表明高CO2诱导油松、银杏产生的对O3胁迫的高抗性是不稳定的。 4.高浓度O3预处理(50天)使油松、银杏的抗氧化系统活性下降,已如前述。将经高浓度O3预处理的油松、银杏分别置入倍增浓度CO2与自然CO2环境中,随后的20天高CO2处理使活性氧水平低于自然CO2环境,而抗氧化酶活性高于自然CO2环境。这表明倍增CO2浓度能有效的恢复高浓度O3处理对油松、银杏的氧化胁迫。
Resumo:
植被-大气间CO2交换研究对准确评价陆地生态系统碳收支有重要意义。本研究以我国北方典型的植被类型—长白山阔叶红松林为研究对象,以国际公认的涡度相关技术为主要手段,结合微气象观测和生物学实验,探讨了森林碳交换过程与机制,建立了CO2通量观测数据的质量评价与控制体系。主要结论: (1)长白山阔叶红松林湍流通量贡献区主要集中在0.01~2Hz频率范围内,在弱湍流条件下存在通量低估现象。经过质量控制,CO2通量数据能够反映阔叶红松林与大气间CO2交换的真实过程; (2)森林生态系统CO2通量变化范围为-1.5~1.0 mg CO2•m-2•s-1,白天主要受光合有效辐射PAR的影响,但高的空气饱和水汽压差VPD对植被光合有一定的抑制作用,夜间CO2通量主要受温度的控制; (3)5cm温度是控制土壤碳排放的主导因素,由于雨热同季,因此干旱胁迫现象并不明显。土壤呼吸Q10变化范围为3.88~4.67,其值大小与温度区间有关; (4)2003~2005年森林GPP分别为1441、1312和1502gC•m-2,NEE分别为-188、-157和-186gC•m-2,森林碳收支的年际差异是由水热条件引起。叶片和群落高的弱光利用率和较强的光合吸收能力是其作为有200多年林龄的温带原始林,仍保持较高固碳能力的重要原因之一; (5)2003~2005年生态系统碳排放量分别为1252、1155和1326gC•m-2,土壤呼吸约占生态系统呼吸排放的80%; (6)长白山阔叶红松林具有较高的碳代谢能力,但由于光合吸收和呼吸释放都很活跃,森林总体表现为一稳定、适度的碳汇。这与其温带成熟原始林在碳循环领域的生态功能相一致。