Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte: ?hero' or ?grotesque mediocrity'?

Price, Roger. 'Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte: ?hero' or ?grotesque mediocrity'?', In: Marx's Eighteenth Brumaire: (post) modern interpretations (London: Pluto Press, 2002), pp.145-162 RAE2008

Among the Sioux : a story of the Twin Cities and the two Dakotas / by R.J. Creswell ; introduction by David R. Breed.

http://www.archive.org/details/amongsiouxstoryo00cresiala

Diary of David Zeisberger a Moravian missionary among the Indians of Ohio

http://www.archive.org/details/diaryofdavid01zeisrich http://www.archive.org/details/diaryofdavid02zeisrich

The life of Rev. David Brainerd, chiefly extracted from his diary. By President Edwards. Somewhat abridged. Embracing, in the chronological order, Brainerd's public journal of the most successful year of his missionary labors.

http://www.archive.org/details/lifeofrevdavidbr00braiiala

Relation de la Mission Abnaquise de St. Franðcois de Sales L'Annâee 1702 / par le Páere Jacques Bigot, de la Compagnie de Jâesus.

http://www.archive.org/details/missionabnaquise00bigorich

The life of John Brainerd, the brother of David Brainerd, and his successor as missionary to the Indians of New Jersey ... By Rev. Thomas Brainerd.

http://name.umdl.umich.edu/ABB4262

An account of the life of Mr. David Brainerd : missionary from the Society for Propagating Christian Knowledge, & pastor of a church of Christian Indians in New-Jersey / published by Jonathan Edwards ; with Mr. Brainerd's public journal ; to this edition is added, Mr. Beatty's mission to the westward of the Allegheny Mountains.

http://www.archive.org/details/accountoflifeofm00brairich

The church's mission in the world, by Louis and Andrâe Râetif. Translated from the French by Reginald F. Trevett.

http://www.archive.org/details/churchsmissionin013224mbp

Proteomic approach to oxidative stress in Daphnia magna

The keystone aquatic organism Daphnia magna is extensively used to assess the toxicity of chemicals. This has recently lead to an increase in the omics literature focusing on daphnids, an increase fuelled by the sequencing of the Daphnia pulex genome. Yet, no omics study has looked directly at oxidative stress (OS) in daphnids, even though OS is of primary importance in the response of aquatic organisms to their changing environment and is often induced by anthropogenic xenobiotics. This thesis thus focuses on the application of redox-proteomics, the study of the oxidative modification of proteins, to D. magna Specifically, daphnids were exposed to copper or paraquat, two well studied prooxidants, and protein carbonyls were labelled with fluorescein-5-thiosemicarbazide prior to twodimensional electrophoresis (2DE). This showed clearly that both compounds affect a different portion of the proteome. The identified proteins indicated that energy metabolism was affected by paraquat, while copper induced a reduction of the heat shock response (heat shock proteins, proteases and chaperones) a counterintuitive result which may be adaptative to metal toxicity in arthropods. The same approach was then applied to the study of the toxicity mechanism of silver nanoparticles (AgNP), an increasingly utilised form of silver with expected environmental toxicity, and its comparison to silver nitrate. The results demonstrate that, although less toxic than silver ions, AgNP toxicity functions through a different mechanism. AgNP toxicity is thus not a product of silver dissolution and increased protein carbonylation indicates that AgNP cause OS. Interestingly three of the four tested compounds altered vitellogenin levels and oxidation. Vitellogenins could thus represent an interesting subproteome for the detection of stress in daphnids. Finally, an experiment with oxidised BSA demonstrates the applicability of solid phase hydrazide in the enrichment of undigested carbonylated proteins.

Repeated concanavalin A challenge in mice induces an interleukin 10-producing phenotype and liver fibrosis.

Weekly injections of Concanavalin A (Con A) were performed in BALB/c mice to evaluate the pattern of cytokine production and liver injury. High serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) were found in the serum after the first 2 injections of Con A but rapidly decreased from the third injection. Conversely, IL-10 serum levels after repeated Con A challenge increased by 7 times from week 1 to 20. In vivo depletion studies indicated that CD4(+) T cells are essential in IL-10 production. Hepatocyte necrosis was only observed after the first injections of Con A whereas centrilobular inflammatory infiltrates persisted up to 20 weeks. Perisinusoidal liver fibrosis was also increasingly detected in BALB/c mice, whereas no fibrous change was observed in nude mice after 6 weeks of Con A challenge. The number of stellate cells, detected by immunostaining, increased after 20 weeks of Con A injections. Liver cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression after 20 weeks showed expression of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), IL-10, and IL-4 whereas IL-2 was no more expressed. The present study shows that mice repeatedly injected with Con A develop liver fibrosis. The cytokine-release pattern observed after 1 injection of Con A is rapidly shifted towards an immunomodulatory phenotype characterized by the systemic production of large amounts of IL-10.

Critical role of interleukin 5 and eosinophils in concanavalin A-induced hepatitis in mice.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Eosinophils are observed in several liver diseases, but their contribution in the pathogenesis of these disorders remains poorly investigated. Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatitis is an experimental model of immune-mediated liver injury in which natural killer T (NKT) cells play a critical role through the production of interleukin (IL)-4 and the expression of Fas ligand (FasL). Because activated NKT cells also produce IL-5, a critical cytokine for eosinophil maturation and function, the role of IL-5 was investigated in this model. METHODS: IL-5-deficient mice, eosinophil depletion in wild-type (WT) mice, and NKT cell transfer from WT- or IL-5-deficient mice into NKT cell-deficient mice were used to assess the role of IL-5 and eosinophils. RESULTS: Liver eosinophil infiltrate and IL-5 production were observed after Con A challenge. Liver injury was dramatically reduced in IL-5-deficient or eosinophil-depleted mice. In addition, residual hepatitis observed in Fas-deficient mice was abolished after IL-5 neutralization. Finally, we showed that NKT cells constituted a critical source of IL-5. Indeed, transfer of WT NKT cells to mice lacking NKT cells restored liver injury, whereas transfer of IL-5-deficient NKT cells did not. CONCLUSIONS: These observations highlight the pathologic role of IL-5 and eosinophils in experimental immune-mediated hepatitis.

Jacques Colette, L’Existentialisme, collection Que sais-je, P.U.F, 1994, 127 p.

Paris

Functional neuroimaging of autobiographical memory.

Functional neuroimaging studies of autobiographical memory have grown dramatically in recent years. These studies are important because they can investigate the neural correlates of processes that are difficult to study using laboratory stimuli, including: (i) complex constructive processes, (ii) recollective qualities of emotion and vividness, and (iii) remote memory retrieval. Constructing autobiographical memories involves search, monitoring and self-referential processes that are associated with activity in separable prefrontal regions. The contributions of emotion and vividness have been linked to the amygdala and visual cortex respectively. Finally, there is evidence that recent and remote autobiographical memories might activate the hippocampus equally, which has implications for memory-consolidation theories. The rapid development of innovative methods for eliciting personal memories in the scanner provides the opportunity to delve into the functional neuroanatomy of our personal past.

Human CD19 and CD40L deficiencies impair antibody selection and differentially affect somatic hypermutation.

Individuals with genetic defects in CD40 ligand (CD40L) or B-cell antigen receptor coreceptor molecules CD19 and CD81 suffer from an antibody deficiency. Still, these patients carry low levels of memory B cells and serum antibodies.