Microstructure and nanomechanical properties of the wing membrane of dragonfly

Detailed investigations on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the wing membrane of the dragonfly were carried out. It was found that in the direction of the thickness the membrane was divided into three layers rather than as traditionally considered as a single entity, and on the surfaces the membrane displayed a random distribution rough microstructure that was composed of numerous nanometer scale columns coated by the cuticle wax secreted. The characteristics of the surfaces were accurately measured and a statistical radial distribution function of the columns was presented to describe the structural properties of the surfaces. Based on the surface microstructure, the mechanical properties of the membranes taken separately from the wings of living and dead dragonflies were investigated by the nanoindentation technique. The Young's moduli obtained here are approximately two times greater than the previous result, and the reasons that yield the difference are discussed. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

激光淬火基体对镀铬层抵抗接触变形的影响

提出先激光离散淬火预处理基体后再镀铬的复合工艺,利用划痕仪沿垂直激光扫描方向对铬层表面进行接触载荷模拟实验.结果表明:激光淬火基体能够提高镀铬层抵抗接触变形能力.利用基体化学腐蚀法制备自由铬层和纳米硬度仪对初始镀铬层力学性质进行分析表明:激光淬火基体不但通过提高基体的硬度增强了电镀铬层抵抗接触变形能力,而且也提高了铬层自身的抵抗接触变形能力.

激光淬火基体对镀铬层断裂韧性的影响

为提高30CrNi2MoVA钢镀铬身管的寿命,采用YAG激光器对钢基体进行激光搭接淬火再镀铬的复合工艺。用多裂纹拉伸技术对经激光搭接处理的30CrNi2MoVA钢再镀铬后的铬层和普通铬层的断裂韧性进行比较。结果表明,激光淬火处理基体可以提高镀铬层的断裂韧性。力学模型分析表明,基体残余压应力以抵抗基体拉伸变形的方式提高了铬层的断裂韧性;化学去基体法研究铬层界面表明,激光处理基体以细化基体影响层的晶粒形式提高了铬层的强度和韧性。离子刻蚀横截面对拉伸结果作了进一步验证。

热喷涂涂层中残余应力分析和检测研究进展

综述热喷涂涂层中残余应力研究进展。主要内容有：对残余应力产生的最新认识，残余应力分布实验测试技术、理论分析模型及其对热喷涂材料界面结合强度影响等领域的研究进展。最后对该领域几个学术界和工程界关注的研究方向进行了展望。

梯度涂层材料中裂纹问题的非均匀元分析

本文采用非均匀等参有限元的方法研究了薄膜梯度涂层/均匀基材中的界面裂纹问题，并与双材料界面裂纹情况进行了对比计算。研究表明：在均匀基材上采用梯度涂层，与双材料相比可以有效地降低裂尖场应力强度因子；同时还分析了涂层厚度与梯度参数对界面应力强度因子的影响。结果表明：当薄膜厚度大于或等于裂纹长度时，应力强度因子（K_I、K_(II)）对其尺度的变化显得不敏感；对梯度参数的影响而言，当材料性能曲线的幂指数m大于1时，裂尖场的应力强度因子K_(II)相对K_I很小且基本不随m变化，因此裂尖场与均匀材料情况类似；当m小于1时，应用强度因子K_(II)随m减小而急剧增大，裂尖场由K_I及K_(II)控制，断裂趋于混合型。

亚微米氮化钛膜的纳米压痕和划痕测定

采用等离子电弧沉积的方法，分别在GT35和40CrNiMo钢上沉积厚约为0.5μm的氮化钛(TiN)膜。为了筛选基材，采用纳米压痕和划痕技术，评价膜基界面结合和固体润滑效果。纳米压痕结果，GT35，40CrNiMo和TiN的纳米硬度/弹性模量的典型值分别约为11.5 GPa/330GPa, 6.0 GPa/210GPa, 30GPa/450GPa。纳米划痕结果，GT35有较理想的膜基结合能力；GT35，40CrNiMo，TiN及其有机膜的磨擦系数分别约为0.25，0.45，0.15, 0.10。同40CrNiMo相比，GT35是较为理想的基体材料。纳米压痕和划痕技术能提供丰富的近表面的弹塑性变形、断裂和磨擦等的信息，是评价亚微米薄膜力学性能的有效手段。

热障涂层材料性能和失效机理研究进展

热障涂层材料破坏由大尺度屈曲和层离机制产生，而这些机制又是微裂纹形核、扩展及相互连通结果的积累。由于特殊制备工艺和使用环境，材料性能涉及到许多特殊机制。近半个世纪的研究，人们对其性能有了充分认识。综述近几年的研究结果，内容包括：热生长氧化现象及其热力学描述；热生长应力与材料失效的联系；材料破坏机理与性能控制参数组织的联系；微缺陷演化产生的材料屈曲和层离所需的能量释放率；破坏准则、服役寿命预计模型和评价标准等。

Formation and Structure of Composite Coating of HAD and Micro-Plasma Oxidation on A3 Steel

Composite coatings were obtained on A3 steel by hot dipping aluminum(HAD) at 720 degreesC for 6 min and micro-plasma oxidation (MPO) in alkali electrolyte. The surface morphology, element distribution and interface structure of composite coatings were studied by means of XRD, SEM and EDS. The results show that the composite coatings obtained through HAD/MPO on A3 steel consist of four layers. From the surface to the substrate, the layer is loose Al2O3 ceramic, compact Al2O3 ceramic, At and FeAl intermetallic compound layer in turn. The adhesions among all the layers are strengthened because the ceramic layer formed at the At surface originally, FeAl intermetallic compound layer and substrate are combined in metallurgical form through mutual diffusion during HAD process. Initial experiment results disclose that the anti-corrosion performance and wear resistance of composite coating are obviously improved through HAD/MPO treatment.

The Effect of the Thickness of Fe2 Al5 Phase Layer at Fe/Al Interface on the Mechanics Behavior of Hot Dip Aluminizing Coating

Hot Dip Aluminized Coatings with different thickness were prepared on Q235 steel in aluminum solutions with different temperature for certain time. Through tensile tests and in-situ SEM observations, the effect of the coating's microstructure on the tensile strength of the samples was studied. It was disclosed at certain aluminum solution temperature,transaction layers mainly composed of Fe2 Al5 phase got thicker with time prolonging, and this changed initial crack's extending direction from parallel with to vertical with stretching direction. The change in crack direction decreased tensile strength of samples, thus made the coating easy to break. It was concluded that the existence of thick Fe2 Al5 phase layer was the basic reason for the lowering of tensile strength of the coating.

固体力学进展及应用: 庆贺李敏华院士90华诞文集

《固体力学进展及应用：庆贺李敏华院士90华诞文集》收录了近代固体力学基础理论及其应用领域的重要科技成果和最新进展。作者是在同体力学领域工作多年的资深研究员，他们来自各行各业，有丰富的科研与丁作经验。他们提供的论文在相当程度上反映当前同体力学的发展现状与成就，并能看出发展趋势，对未来研究的课题选择有参考价值。《固体力学进展及应用：庆贺李敏华院士90华诞文集》还收集了李敏华院士的珍贵照片和纪念李敏华院士90华诞的庆贺和回忆文章，具有重要的史料价值。

Locally resonant phononic woodpile: A wide band anomalous underwater acoustic absorbing material

To meet the demand of modern acoustic absorbing material for which acoustic absorbing frequency region can be readily tailored, we introduced woodpile structure into locally resonant phononic crystal (LRPC) and fabricated an underwater acoustic absorbing material, which is called locally resonant phononic woodpile (LRPW). Experimental results show that LRPW has a strong capability of absorbing sound in a wide frequency range. Further theoretical research revealed that LRPC units and woodpile structure in LRPW play an important role in realization of wide band underwater strong acoustic absorption.

High voltage cathodes for Na-ion batteries: Na3V2O2x(PO4)2F3-2x system

254 p : il, graf. col.

Development And Characterization Of Composite Ni-Cr-C-Caf2 Laser Cladding On Gamma-Tial Intermetallic Alloy

A process of laser cladding Ni-CF-C-CaF2 mixed powders to form a multifunctional composite coatingd on gamma-TiAl substrate was carried out. The microstructure of the coating was examined using XRD, SEM and EDS. The coating has a unique microstructure consisting of primary dendrite or short-stick TiC and block Al4C3 carbides reinforcement as well as fine isolated spherical CaF2 solid lubrication particles uniformly dispersed in the NiCrAlTi (gamma) matrix. The average microhardness of the composite coatings is approximately HV 650 and it is 2-factor greater than that of the TiAl substrate. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

On The Thermally Induced Cracking Of A Segmented Coating Deposited On The Outer Surface Of A Hollow Cylinder

In this work, the thermally induced cracking behavior of a segmented coating has been investigated. The geometry under consideration is a hollow cylinder with a segmented coating deposited onto its outer surface. The segmentation cracks are modeled as a periodic array of axial edge cracks. The finite element method is utilized to obtain the solution of the multiple crack problem and the Thermal Stress Intensity Factors (TSIFs) are calculated. Based on dimensional analysis, the main parameters affecting TSIFs are identified. It has been found that the TSIF is a monotonically increasing function of segmentation crack spacing. This result confirms that a segmented coating exhibits much higher thermal shock resistance than an intact counterpart, if only the segmentation crack spacing is narrow enough. The dependence of TSIF on some other parameters, such as normalized time, segmentation crack depth, convection severity as well as material constants, has also been discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The mechanism of PEO process on Al–Si alloys with the bulk primary silicon

This study focuses on mechanism of ceramic coating on Al-Si alloys with bulk primary Si using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technology. Al-Si alloys with 27-32% Si in weight were used as substrates. The morphologies, composition and microstructure of PEO coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray system (EDX). Results showed that the PEO process had four different stages. The effect of bulk Si is greatly on the morphology and composition of coatings at first three stages. Anodic oxide films formed on Al and Si phases, respectively. When the voltage exceeded 40 V, glow appeared and concentrated on the localized zone of interface of Al and Si phase. Al-Si-O compounds formed and covered on the dendrite Si phase surface, and the coating on bulk Si, which was silicon oxide, was rougher than that on other phase. If the treatment time was long enough, the coatings with uniform surface morphologies and elements distribution will be obtained but the microstructure of inner layer is looser due to the bulk Si.