UM ESTUDO DE IDEOLOGIA – EDUCAÇÃO CIDADÃ: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE AS MOTIVAÇÕES E ASPIRAÇÕES DOS ALUNOS DA ONG EDUCAFRO

Este estudo teve por objetivo conhecer, discutir e analisar as motivações e aspirações dos alunos inseridos nos cursos pré-vestibulares para negros e carentes da ONG EDUCAFRO, bem como a inserção desses jovens no Ensino Superior e no mercado de trabalho, considerando os mecanismos de inclusão e exclusão dos negros no Sistema Educacional Brasileiro. Dentre muitos estudos importantes, que abordam a temática do negro no sistema educacional, gostaríamos de destacar os Movimentos Sociais, de Educação e Cidadania, a dissertação: Um Estudo sobre os Cursos Pré-Vestibulares Populares, apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Mestre de Alexandre do Nascimento UERJ Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em 1999 e a dissertação de Mestrado de Cristiane Maria Ribeiro sob o título Anti-Racismo e Educação: O Projeto Político-Pedagógico das Lideranças Negras de Uberlândia em 2000. A leitura dessas obras foi essencial para o encaminhamento dos estudos que integram este trabalho, uma vez que argumentam sobre a dívida social que o Brasil tem com os afro-descendentes no sistema educacional. Destacamos também o professor, escritor e ativista dos direitos humanos, o historiador negro nascido nos EUA, John Hope Franklin declara que as políticas compensatórias foram aplicadas desde a década de sessenta. Essas políticas pretendiam oferecer aos afro-americanos a chance de participar das mudanças sociais. De modo que as universidades foram obrigadas a implantar políticas de cotas e também implantar procedimentos que fossem favoráveis à população negra. No Brasil, essa luta está sendo organizada pela ONG EDUCAFRO que vem desenvolvendo há alguns anos mecanismos de inclusão social, justificando-os por meio da necessidade de compensar os negros pela discriminação sofrida no passado, beneficiando de alguma forma essa porcentagem da população brasileira. No decorrer da pesquisa bibliográfica, encontramos, por meio das diversas obras consultadas, uma grande preocupação dos autores com a questão das Ações Afirmativas como meio de compensar a população negra, apesar da resistência por parte daqueles que temem o progresso social dos negros, no entanto, pesquisas s indicam caminhos para reverter esse quadro negativo. Diante dessa realidade, fica o grande desafio: o que motiva e quais são as metas dos professores que ministram voluntariamente aulas nos Cursinhos Comunitários? O que almejam os alunos com o seu acesso no Ensino Superior? A pesquisa confirmou que os alunos do Núcleo estudado buscam na ONG EDUCAFRO uma forma alternativa de inserção no Ensino Superior e, que essa inserção os motiva e os inspira no vislumbre de se colocarem também no mercado de trabalho. Vale ressaltar que o presente estudo não tem a pretensão de esgotar o assunto, mas de abrir espaços

FACULDADE DA CIDADANIA ZUMBI DOS PALMARES: "O QUILOMBO DO SÉCULO XXI"?

Nesta pesquisa, empreendemos uma análise sobre a ideologia de classe média que permeia o projeto educacional da Faculdade da Cidadania Zumbi dos Palmares. Inicialmente, procuramos pontuar os determinantes históricos responsáveis pelo acesso e ascensão de uma parcela da população negra paulistana, ao mercado de trabalho assalariado e ao sistema de ensino público. Em seguida, através de uma leitura crítica de vinte e seis editoriais da revista institucional Afirmativa Plural, de 2004 a 2009, buscamos apreender os princípios ideológicos que norteiam as ações do grupo fundador da Unipalmares. Seu projeto de formação superior apresenta como objetivo proporcionar aos estudantes, negros e não-negros, uma formação universitária humanística, tendo como foco a diversidade étnica e cultural. No entanto, os editoriais evidenciaram um projeto educacional quase que exclusivamente marcado por alusões à formação de um contingente de executivos negros. Para isso, além dos conteúdos direcionados para a formação executiva, há as histórias de negros bem sucedidos que servem de modelos positivos a serem seguidos. Nessa direção, as imagens selecionadas para a capa das edições reforçam na criação de uma realidade, de classe média, a ser alcançada pelos estudantes, forjando, assim, uma certa ansiedade em pertencer àquele universo pautado no consumo como símbolo de prestígio.(AU)

Characterizations of the major coral diseases of the Philippines: Ulcerative white spot disease and novel growth anomalies of Porites

Coral reefs are in decline worldwide and coral disease is a significant contributing factor. However, etiologies of coral diseases are still not well understood. In contrast with the Caribbean, extremely little is known about coral diseases in the Philippines. In 2005, off Southeast Negros Island, Philippines, I investigated relationships between environmental parameters and prevalence of the two most common coral diseases, ulcerative white spot (UWS) and massive Porites growth anomalies (MPGAs). Samples were collected along a disease prevalence gradient 40.5 km long. Principal component analyses showed prevalence of MPGAs was positively correlated with water column nitrogen, organic carbon of surface sediments, and colony density. UWS was positively correlated with water column phosphorus. This is the first quantitative evidence linking anthropogenically-impacted water and sediment to a higher prevalence of these diseases. Histological and cytological alterations were investigated by comparing tissues from two distinct types of MPGA lesions (types 1 and 2) and healthy coral using light and electron microscopy. Skeletal abnormalities and sloughing, swelling, thinning, and loss of tissues in MPGAs resembled tissues exposed to bacterial or fungal toxins. Both lesion types had decreases in symbiotic zooxanthellae, which supply nutrients to corals. Notable alterations included migrations of chromophore cells (amoebocytes) (1) nocturnally to outer epithelia to perform wound-healing, including plugging gaps and secreting melanin in degraded tissues, and (2) diurnally to the interior of the tissue possibly to prevent shading zooxanthellae in order to maximize photosynthate production. Depletion of melanin (active in wound healing) in type 2 lesions suggested type 2 tissues were overtaxed and less stable. MPGAs contained an abundance of endolithic fungi and virus-like particles, which may result from higher nutrient levels and play roles in disease development. Swollen cells and mucus frequently blocked gastrovascular canals (GVCs) in MPGAs. Type 1 lesions appeared to compensate for impeded flow of wastes and nutrients through these canals with proliferation of new GVCs, which were responsible for the observed thickened tissues. In contrast, type 2 tissues were thin and more degraded. Dysplasia and putative neoplasia were also observed in MPGAs which may result from the tissue regeneration capacity being overwhelmed.

Characterizations of the Major Coral Diseases of the Philippines: Ulcerative White Spot Disease and Novel Growth Anomalies of Porites

Coral reefs are in decline worldwide and coral disease is a significant contributing factor. However, etiologies of coral diseases are still not well understood. In contrast with the Caribbean, extremely little is known about coral diseases in the Philippines. In 2005, off Southeast Negros Island, Philippines, I investigated relationships between environmental parameters and prevalence of the two most common coral diseases, ulcerative white spot (UWS) and massive Porites growth anomalies (MPGAs). Samples were collected along a disease prevalence gradient 40.5 km long. Principal component analyses showed prevalence of MPGAs was positively correlated with water column nitrogen, organic carbon of surface sediments, and colony density. UWS was positively correlated with water column phosphorus. This is the first quantitative evidence linking anthropogenically-impacted water and sediment to a higher prevalence of these diseases. Histological and cytological alterations were investigated by comparing tissues from two distinct types of MPGA lesions (types 1 and 2) and healthy coral using light and electron microscopy. Skeletal abnormalities and sloughing, swelling, thinning, and loss of tissues in MPGAs resembled tissues exposed to bacterial or fungal toxins. Both lesion types had decreases in symbiotic zooxanthellae, which supply nutrients to corals. Notable alterations included migrations of chromophore cells (amoebocytes) (1) nocturnally to outer epithelia to perform wound-healing, including plugging gaps and secreting melanin in degraded tissues, and (2) diurnally to the interior of the tissue possibly to prevent shading zooxanthellae in order to maximize photosynthate production. Depletion of melanin (active in wound healing) in type 2 lesions suggested type 2 tissues were overtaxed and less stable. MPGAs contained an abundance of endolithic fungi and virus-like particles, which may result from higher nutrient levels and play roles in disease development. Swollen cells and mucus frequently blocked gastrovascular canals (GVCs) in MPGAs. Type 1 lesions appeared to compensate for impeded flow of wastes and nutrients through these canals with proliferation of new GVCs, which were responsible for the observed thickened tissues. In contrast, type 2 tissues were thin and more degraded. Dysplasia and putative neoplasia were also observed in MPGAs which may result from the tissue regeneration capacity being overwhelmed.

O papel da violência interpessoal compreendida como a manifestação de uma endemia social: uma análise geográfica sobre o fenômeno no Brasil e Rio Grande do Norte

En Brasil, la violencia interpersonal (homicidios) se ha incrementado de forma significativa, convirtiéndose en una preocupación cada vez mayor en todos los ámbitos políticos de la sociedad. Hoy es uno de los más graves problemas sociales y de salud pública. Se refiere a los problemas sociales, ya que interfiere en la distribución de la oferta de bienes y servicios a los ciudadanos; sino también un problema de salud, porque la violencia es uno de los fenómenos que causan gran impacto en la morbilidad y mortalidad del país, y genera un alto costo para el Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Esta es una crisis social, que es el resultado de un mundo capitalista globalizado, que exige a todos sus instrumentos de dominación (dinero, poder y competitividad en estado puro), en virtud del cual la violencia y los conflictos interpersonales se materializan en el territorio. El Río Grande do Norte (RN) ha estado siguiendo esta realidad que es nacional, con el aumento de las tasas de mortalidad por homicidios. En este sentido, este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la violencia interpersonal (agresión / homicidio), en Brasil y en el estado del RN, para entender cómo esto afecta a su población, en la morbilidad y mortalidad durante los años 2001 a 2011. Para ambos hicimos uso de método descriptivo / cuantitativo para determinar la magnitud, el tamaño, el perfil de las víctimas y los costos del SUS generados por el problema. Como resultado, podemos diagnosticar que en Brasil, la violencia se ha presentado una nueva dinámica regional, promovida por un proceso de interiorización del fenómeno en todo el país, este proceso de internalización se ha reflejado en la última década, el crecimiento de la violencia en el estado del RN, que ha causado un gran impacto en las tasas de la mortalidad del estado. Acerca la victimización, se puede ver que hay un perfil vulnerable formado por, varón, baja instrucción joven, sola y negro. Con respecto a los datos de morbilidad hospitalaria, la demanda creciente del fenómeno genera costes para el sistema de salud, y las graves consecuencias humanas, como la escalada del miedo y la destrucción de una generación de jóvenes brasileños. Por lo tanto, la falta de una política pública para afrontamiento, prevención y mitigación del problema revela el fracaso de la gestión pública, con consecuencias sociales y de salud, tanto individual como colectivamente.

Compósitos NiO-CGO obtidos pelo método de síntese em uma etapa

Composite NiO-C0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (NiO-GDC), one of the materials most used for the manufacture of anodes of Cells Solid Oxide Fuel (SOFC) currently, were obtained by a chemical route which consists in mixing the precursor solution of NiO and CGO phases obtained previously by the Pechini method. The nanopowders as-obtained were characterized by thermal analysis techniques (thermogravimetry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry) and calcined materials were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Samples sintered between 1400 and 1500 ° C for 4 h were characterized by Archimedes method. The effects of the composition on the microstructure and electrical properties (conductivity and activation energy) of the composites sintered at 1500 ° C were investigated by electron microscopy and impedance spectroscopy (between 300 and 650 ° C in air). The refinement of the XRD data indicated that the powders are ultrafine and the crystallite size of the CGO phase decreases with increasing content of NiO. Similarly, the crystallite of the NiO phase tends to decrease with increasing concentration of CGO, especially above 50 wt % CGO. Analysis by Archimedes shows a variation in relative density due to the NiO content. Densities above 95% were obtained in samples containing from 50 wt % NiO and sintered between 1450 and 1500 °C. The results of microscopy and impedance spectroscopy indicate that from 30-40 wt.% NiO there is an increase in the number of contacts NiO - NiO, activating the electronic conduction mechanism which governs the process of conducting at low temperatures (300 - 500 °C). On the other hand, with increasing the measuring temperature the mobility of oxygen vacancies becomes larger than that of the electronic holes of NiO, as a result, the high temperature conductivity (500-650 ° C) in composites containing up to 30-40 wt.% of NiO is lower than that of CGO. Variations in activation energy confirm change of conduction mechanism with the increase of the NiO content. The composite containing 50 wt. % of each phase shows conductivity of 19 mS/cm at 650 °C (slightly higher than 13 mS/cm found for CGO) and activation energy of 0.49 eV.

Geração de padrão de marcha adaptável para uma órtese ativa de membros inferiores

Atualmente com o crescente aumento de dispositivos robóticos destinados para aplicação na área de mobilidade de pessoas que sofreram algum tipo de lesão medular, se faz necessário desenvolver novas ferramentas para tornar tais equipamentos mais adaptáveis, seguros e autônomos. Para que as órteses robóticas que auxiliam na locomoção de pessoas paraplégicas possam desempenhar sua função, estas devem ser capazes de reproduzir os movimentos perdidos com o máximo de fidelidade e segurança em ambientes que eventualmente possam conter obstáculos de diferentes tipos como buracos, escadas e calçadas. As órteses robóticas para membros inferiores têm a capacidade de caminhar, subir e descer degraus, todavia, esses movimentos, na maioria das vezes, não se adaptam ao ambiente, sendo assim, para uma órtese robótica que foi projetada para subir um degrau com uma determinada altura ao se deparar com um degrau maior provavelmente não conseguirá realizar essa tarefa com a mesma segurança. Para solucionar esse e outros problemas, esse trabalho apresenta um Sistema de Auxílio à Locomoção (SAL) dotado de um planejador de passos e um gerador de referências angulares com características antropomórficas para a órtese robótica Ortholeg. O SAL utiliza dados antropométricos do usuário para gerar um padrão de marcha personalizado, dessa forma, a órtese em questão é capaz de adaptar o tamanho do passo para não colidir com obstáculos presentes no ambiente e transpor buracos com diversos tamanhos, subir e descer escadas e calçadas com diferentes valores de altura e comprimento. Para desenvolver o sistema de auxílio à locomoção foram adaptadas técnicas de planejamento de caminho, usadas a princípio em robôs bípedes. São apresentados vários experimentos que mostram a órtese Ortholeg realizando alguns movimentos com características antropomórficas para diferentes distâncias de caminhada e três tipos de obstáculos: degrau, buraco e calçada. A autonomia adquirida com a utilização do sistema de planejamento apresentado facilita a utilização de órteses robóticas como também garante uma maior segurança ao usuário.

Estudo e aplicação da transformada de Fourier na regularização de dados sísmicos na exploração de petróleo

In the oil prospection research seismic data are usually irregular and sparsely sampled along the spatial coordinates due to obstacles in placement of geophones. Fourier methods provide a way to make the regularization of seismic data which are efficient if the input data is sampled on a regular grid. However, when these methods are applied to a set of irregularly sampled data, the orthogonality among the Fourier components is broken and the energy of a Fourier component may "leak" to other components, a phenomenon called "spectral leakage". The objective of this research is to study the spectral representation of irregularly sampled data method. In particular, it will be presented the basic structure of representation of the NDFT (nonuniform discrete Fourier transform), study their properties and demonstrate its potential in the processing of the seismic signal. In this way we study the FFT (fast Fourier transform) and the NFFT (nonuniform fast Fourier transform) which rapidly calculate the DFT (discrete Fourier transform) and NDFT. We compare the recovery of the signal using the FFT, DFT and NFFT. We approach the interpolation of seismic trace using the ALFT (antileakage Fourier transform) to overcome the problem of spectral leakage caused by uneven sampling. Applications to synthetic and real data showed that ALFT method works well on complex geology seismic data and suffers little with irregular spatial sampling of the data and edge effects, in addition it is robust and stable with noisy data. However, it is not as efficient as the FFT and its reconstruction is not as good in the case of irregular filling with large holes in the acquisition.

Estudo e aplicação da transformada de Fourier na regularização de dados sísmicos na exploração de petróleo

In the oil prospection research seismic data are usually irregular and sparsely sampled along the spatial coordinates due to obstacles in placement of geophones. Fourier methods provide a way to make the regularization of seismic data which are efficient if the input data is sampled on a regular grid. However, when these methods are applied to a set of irregularly sampled data, the orthogonality among the Fourier components is broken and the energy of a Fourier component may "leak" to other components, a phenomenon called "spectral leakage". The objective of this research is to study the spectral representation of irregularly sampled data method. In particular, it will be presented the basic structure of representation of the NDFT (nonuniform discrete Fourier transform), study their properties and demonstrate its potential in the processing of the seismic signal. In this way we study the FFT (fast Fourier transform) and the NFFT (nonuniform fast Fourier transform) which rapidly calculate the DFT (discrete Fourier transform) and NDFT. We compare the recovery of the signal using the FFT, DFT and NFFT. We approach the interpolation of seismic trace using the ALFT (antileakage Fourier transform) to overcome the problem of spectral leakage caused by uneven sampling. Applications to synthetic and real data showed that ALFT method works well on complex geology seismic data and suffers little with irregular spatial sampling of the data and edge effects, in addition it is robust and stable with noisy data. However, it is not as efficient as the FFT and its reconstruction is not as good in the case of irregular filling with large holes in the acquisition.

A influência das questões de gênero nos processos avaliativos escolares

This paper aims to discuss the influences of gender issues in formal and informal evaluation processes in order to identify situations that may lead to exclusion of boys and girls in our schools. Therefore, we rely on the authors as Freitas (2005, 2006, 2011), Sordi (2009), Villas Boas (2006), Fernandes (2006, 2008), (Carvalho (2001.2004, 2011), Blonde (1995, 2003), Scott (1995), Connell (1995), Navy (2009), Dal'igna (2004), among others. These authors help us understand that both gender issues as the evaluation questions in its formal and informal when analyzed, especially in light of school reality, are impregnated with socially constructed conceptions that are reflected in the school. The survey was conducted in two rooms of the 5th year of elementary school, and the genres of research were qualitative and quantitative. In the development of this study, the research followed those steps: School Rules analysis, grade maps, class journals; Mapping of records of the evaluation results of the 1st to 5th year of elementary school; Analysis of official government documents in education; development, implementation and analysis of questionnaires answered by the students and the teachers with issues about gender and evaluation; Mapping of the evaluation results of the students of two classes surveyed during 2012; Observation in the classroom; interview with the teachers of the surveyed groups. During the research we found that gender issues are not dealt with by the school and that this reinforces some exclusion processes that are linked to these questions. Studies also tell us that on the surveyed groups most of the children who have lower evaluative results are boys, which, in the evaluation of teachers, are considered undisciplined. Of the children with poor results, 50% are black. Some of these children who had low evaluative income have not completed the school year in that school. The study also reveals that on the observed groups, generally the girls have better results in formal assessments than boys, which are considered, by the teachers, more undisciplined and difficult to work with. The girls, on the other hand, are considered more docile and attentive than boys. The observations made by teachers concerning the behavior of boys and girls also reflect in the formal evaluative results, therefore the informal assessments, the value judgment of teachers in relation to the behavior of the students influence the results of formal assessments. In this sense, in order to seek ways to try to overcome the exclusion situations experienced in the evaluation process, we believe that the principles of popular education can be configured as an important parameter to begin discussions on gender and evaluation in schools.

Que coisa é essa, Yôyô?: cor e raça na imprensa ilustrada da Bahia (1897-1904)

From techniques such as lithography and woodcut, it was possible to create and reproduce daily images in the newspapers of the Empire and the Republic of Brazil. The purpose of this study is to make a historiographic report, derived from a multidisciplinary theoretical analysis to which several printed visual documents were selected from the newspaper A Coisa from Salvador, in Bahia. The weekly news, edited in the capital and distributed also in the countryside of Bahia by the end of 1897 and the beginning of 1904 is rich for its illustrations and the satirical, humorous and critical content, signed by its editors. The images in A Coisa are appealing for their content filled with tensions inherent to the time of the First Republic in Brazil, such as issues regarding ones skin color, phenotypes, race, gender, the value and the social ranking of the black population. The paper, in its gathering of texts and images, is the main basis of this research corpus, in which a dialogue with other papers from other places and times is proposed so that it becomes evident the historical process that marks the ideal of nation and the construction of a body and an identity for the people of African Descent in Brazil. The observation and analysis of the selected images from the newspaper allow the identification of its way of production, the orientation of a reality in function of its target consumers, their authorship and the objectives to which it was created. Therefore, this work aims to critically analyze the representations given to the black body and skin, in order to problematize the memories of these bodies and their sociocultural meanings and, thus, question, through a methodology aimed to the description and analysis of images united to texts, these bodies visual representations possible contribution to the formation of an idea of black people unified identity, and their social alterity in deference to the memories given to the white society in the historical and social context of that time.

A Fraternidade como categoria política: princípio anunciado na educação brasileira

This dissertation has had the goal of understanding and discussing how the fraternity category is presented in the main Brazilian education laws after the promulgation of the 1988 Federal Constitution. The systematization of a theoretical base about the fraternity category in its relation with de Brazilian education regulatory landmarks has allowed the proposition of elements of this category. The process of building the theoretical references of this research was written from a historical recuperation of the French Revolution, taking into account the triad of its main principles, “liberty, equality, and fraternity”, as civic and political values. Likewise, the Haitian Revolution was considered because of the symbolic role this revolution played on the concretization of the triad through the slave and black people’s struggle whose aims were both participation in the colony’s power positions and in the abolishing of slavery. The modernity and post modernity issues, as well as the concepts of citizenship and human rights, are also took as theoretical references in order to identify characteristics and connections of each one of those themes and concepts with the fraternity as a political category. This analysis has allowed the elaboration and systematization of the fraternity category and its constitutive elements: the universality which is directly connected to the local and regional issues; the mondialization as a counter-argument to the globalization which is seen exclusively in its economic dimension; the participative democracy as alternative way to the representative democracy; the “alteridade” (a kind of altruism) due to its specific way to recognize the other one as someone pretty much like me; and the diversity which consider the multicultural perspective and the necessity of building unity. It was possible to identify that the first two elements of the triad, liberty and equality, were the most import ones over the so called modernity period when the triad was put in the second place or only in its religious dimension. The post modernity, in turn, has brought to light the fraternity due to its constitutive elements. It was also possible to highlight the citizenship as a modernity landmark and the human rights as an idea marked by the fraternity and directly linked with the post modernity. From this theoretical frame it was made an analysis of the legal instruments that organize and regulate the Brazilian education: the 1998 Federal Constitution; the Statute for Children and Adolescents; the National Brazilian Education Law; and the National Education Plan. All these legal instruments were discussed based on their relation with the fraternity as a political category and through the identification of its main constitutive elements. The methodological way was put into practice mainly through the qualitative dimension, especially the Bardin’s content analysis. The dissertation has permitted to emphasize that the fraternity as political category was not a forgotten principle in the Brazilian education legislation, but a principle not formally and textually declared yet.

Arcabouço jurídico normativo pedagógico da lei federal 10.639/2003 na universidade federal de Uberlândia: avanços e limites

This search addresses the public policies that directly or indirectly corroborate for the implementation of the Brazilian Law number 10.639/2003 in Federal University of Uberlândia and it analyzes the affirmative actions in this context. The study aims to answer some questions such as: Why we have found difficulties in implementing the Law 10.639/2003 and its correlate legislation in the institutions responsible for teachers formation, particularly in the courses of History, Visual Arts, Portuguese Language and Literature and Education teachers? We started from the hypothesis that implementing the Law 10.639/2003 is considered by popular movements that fight for the emancipation of black population and for its rights consider such actions as a form of eradicating racial and ethnic prejudice which are still present in our society. The methodology is based on case study, which allows the triangulation to other methodological approaches such as qualitative analysis and bibliographic search. The investigation instruments were: I. Bibliographic sources including books, papers, periodic and so one; II. Documental sources: specific legislation on the theme (Brazilian Federal Law 10.639/2003, Resolution CNE/CP 1/2004 and others; III. Oral sources obtained from semi structured interviews with coordinators of the selected Graduation courses. Critical multicuturalism according to McLaren (1999) allowed us to approach our research object in order to understand its plural characteristics, specially reading the different aspects that permeate the relationship between culture and identity, cultural differences and power relationship in modern society. In the study, we did not perceive the involvement of the Higher Education professionals in order to implement Law 10.639/2003. The problem perceived for implementing the law and its pedagogical normative legal framework is the personal and institutional attitude, because every subject involved in it has a direct responsibility. We cannot believe that the institutions may claim lack of knowledge and research in the area as impediments to implementing the disciplines and the pedagogical contents concerning to the Law nor contracting researcher experts and scholars on this topic to compose the frames of the University.

El primer tropiezo histórico de Bonaparte: la reconquista de Santo Domingo

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el primer tropiezo histórico de las tropas de Napoleón Bonaparte, en Santo Domingo, y los paralelismos entre la Guerra de Independencia española y la Reconquista dominicana. Para ello se han analizado los testimonios de los personajes implicados, con el fin de indagar el ideario que inspiró su acción militar. Además probaremos que, contra las ideas defendidas por algunos historiadores, tras la paz de Basilea los dominicanos siguieron sintiéndose ligados a España, como demostraron en la Guerra de Reconquista contra el gobierno francés. Sólo Cuba, Puerto Rico y Santo Domingo participaron de este sentimiento, mientras el resto de Hispanoamérica comenzaba a clamar por la independencia.

Population and Government in Colonial Buenos Aires. An Approach to the Study of the Tensions Generated by Demographic Growth in the City (1740-1776)

The relationship between population and government in the City of Buenos Aires is analyzed, focusing on the tensions generated by the arrival of new individuals, a local elite with great interests in commerce and in charge of community affairs, and Spanish functionaries that progressively adopted the ideals of the Bourbon Dynasty, despite also being implicated in local logics. It interests us to observe the governors’ perspectives with respect to everyday developments in the city, their preoccupations and interests, and how they would vary the mechanisms to which they resorted in order to organize daily life, in the period defined between 1740 and 1776.