Características clínicas de las uveítis en pacientes pediátricos en dos centros de referencia oftalmológica en Bogotá

Introducción: La de uveítis pediátrica tiene una prevalencia mundial de aproximadamente 30 casos por 100.000 y constituye la segunda causa de ceguera en niños en Colombia. Sin embargo, no existen estudios que caractericen esta entidad en nuestro medio. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, descriptivo, mediante la revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de uveítis en la Fundación Oftalmológica Nacional y en un centro privado de consulta oftalmológica en Bogotá entre enero de 2000 y julio de 2013. Resultados: Se describe un total de 311 pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de uveítis, 51.8% niñas. La edad promedio de presentación fue de 10.1 años. La uveítis posterior fue la más frecuente (57.8%), siendo más común de aparición insidiosa (87.5%) y crónica (78.1%). La etiología más frecuente fue infecciosa (58.2%) causada por toxoplasmosis (76.8%). Se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la agudeza visual de la uveítis anterior (20/67) e intermedia (20/69), en comparación con la uveítis posterior (20/417) y panuveítis (20/209) (p <0,05). Discusión: Los datos de este estudio proporcionan el primer reporte de las características clínicas de la uveítis en pacientes pediátricos en Colombia, donde las uveítis infecciosas son la primera causa de esta entidad. Este estudio mejorará el conocimiento de la uveítis en nuestro medio, así como es un instrumento para el desarrollo de políticas públicas para la población pediátrica colombiana, con el fin de mejorar los resultados del tratamiento de estos pacientes.

La evaluación del léxico.

Pretende medir el conocimiento que los sujetos tienen del lenguaje, identificar las dificultades de aprendizaje y determinar los medios para allanarlas. 51 estudiantes con edades comprendidadas entre 20 y 24 años de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad Complutense. Comienza con una revisión teórica del lenguaje y la actividad lingüística, su evaluación y el léxico. La investigación empírica se centra en la elaboración y validación de una prueba de evaluación del léxico y su aplicación en diferentes ámbitos. The rationale, development and standardization of a basic word vocabulary test de Harold J. Dupuy, Assessing lexical Knowledge de Bergen M. Rosell, Diccionario de la Real Academia de Lengua Española (1984) y Diccionario de Frecuencias de Juilland y Chang-Rodríguez. Cinco test ad hoc. Análisis de varianza y correlaciones para la validación de los test obtenidos de los diccionarios.

Survival of European patients diagnosed with lymphoid neoplasms in 2000-2002: results of the HAEMACARE project

The European Cancer Registry-based project on hematologic malignancies (HAEMACARE), set up to improve the availability and standardization of data on hematologic malignancies in Europe, used the European Cancer Registry-based project on survival and care of cancer patients (EUROCARE-4) database to produce a new grouping of hematologic neoplasma(defined by the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition and the 2001/2008 World Health Organization classifications) for epidemiological and public health purposes. We analyzed survival for lymphoid neoplasms in Europe by disease group, comparing survival between different European regions by age and sex. Design and Methods Incident neoplasms recorded between 1995 to 2002 in 48 population-based cancer registries in 20 countries participating in EUROCARE-4 were analyzed. The period approach was used to estimate 5-year relative survival rates for patients diagnosed in 2000-2002, who did not have 5 years of follow up. Results: The 5-year relative survival rate was 57% overall but varied markedly between the defined groups. Variation in survival within the groups was relatively limited across European regions and less than in previous years. Survival differences between men and women were small. The relative survival for patients with all lymphoid neoplasms decreased substantially after the age of 50. The proportion of ‘not otherwise specified’ diagnoses increased with advancing age.Conclusions: This is the first study to analyze survival of patients with lymphoid neoplasms, divided into groups characterized by similar epidemiological and clinical characteristics, providing a benchmark for more detailed analyses. This Europe-wide study suggests that previously noted differences in survival between regions have tended to decrease. The survival of patients with all neoplasms decreased markedly with age, while the proportion of ‘not otherwise specified’ diagnoses increased with advancing age. Thus the quality of diagnostic work-up and care decreased with age, suggesting that older patients may not be receiving optimal treatment

OpenSearch-geo: the simple standard for geographic web search engines

When publishing information on the web, one expects it to reach all the people that could be interested in. This is mainly achieved with general purpose indexing and search engines like Google which is the most used today. In the particular case of geographic information (GI) domain, exposing content to mainstream search engines is a complex task that needs specific actions. In many occasions it is convenient to provide a web site with a specially tailored search engine. Such is the case for on-line dictionaries (wikipedia, wordreference), stores (amazon, ebay), and generally all those holding thematic databases. Due to proliferation of these engines, A9.com proposed a standard interface called OpenSearch, used by modern web browsers to manage custom search engines. Geographic information can also benefit from the use of specific search engines. We can distinguish between two main approaches in GI retrieval information efforts: Classical OGC standardization on one hand (CSW, WFS filters), which are very complex for the mainstream user, and on the other hand the neogeographer’s approach, usually in the form of specific APIs lacking a common query interface and standard geographic formats. A draft ‘geo’ extension for OpenSearch has been proposed. It adds geographic filtering for queries and recommends a set of simple standard response geographic formats, such as KML, Atom and GeoRSS. This proposal enables standardization while keeping simplicity, thus covering a wide range of use cases, in both OGC and the neogeography paradigms. In this article we will analyze the OpenSearch geo extension in detail and its use cases, demonstrating its applicability to both the SDI and the geoweb. Open source implementations will be presented as well

Norma i variació sintàctiques: la concepció de Pompeu Fabra (1891-1948)

L'objectiu general de la tesi és analitzar els objectius i les hipòtesis de què Pompeu Fabra (1891-1948) va partir en la codificació de la sintaxi del català i la metodologia que va fer servir. Per fer-ho s'ha identificat, buidat i analitzat la terminologia de 995 textos de Fabra, classificats segons la seva importància. Com a resultat s'ha obtingut una descripció de les concepcions fabrianes de sintaxi i proposició, de canvi sintàctic, de variació sintàctica, de codificació sintàctica i de la relació que Fabra hi estableix. Els resultats d'aquesta descripció s'han contrastat amb els d'estudis anteriors de l'obra fabriana. Finalment, s'han establert les perspectives que aquest resultats obren a nous estudis sobre les fonts de l'obra de Fabra, les seves coincidències amb altres teòrics del món i la seva influència en obres catalanes posteriors.

Normas técnicas y ordenamiento jurídico

La regulación de la técnica sigue sin ser monopolio del derecho, del mismo modo que el Estado no ha absorbido la realidad social. Uno de los objetivos del presente estudio es demostrar que la dialèctica Estado-Sociedad puede ser observada a partir del desarrollo científico y técnico. Con el titulo Normas técnicas y Ordenamiento jurídico queremos destacar precisamente esas dos realidades (social y estatal) dotadas cada una de ellas de su propia racionalidad. La absorción del Derecho por el Estado y su consagración como instrumento legitimador del poder político es expresión de un determinado momento histórico en el que son rechazadas, cuando no combatidas, cualesquiera otras manifestacions de organización supraindividual. La autoorganización social sólo ha sido tolerada en un ámbito, como es el del conocimiento científico y el desarrollo tecnológico. Ahí la Sociedad ha encontrado el marco idóneo para el desarrollo de otra racionalidad de ordenación, fundamentada en el pretendido caràcter neutral de la técnica y que termina por tener en la norma técnica su fórmula más acabada de expresión.

Contribuição para um estudo sobre a utilização das metas de aprendizagem ; na escola e no trabalho dos professores

RESUMO:As Metas de Aprendizagem (MA) surgem em 2009 como o culminar de várias reformas curriculares, feitas avulsamente e com pouca articulação entre si. Sendo facultativas até 2013, este seria o momento ideal indagar se os professores de Educação Física as conhecem, o que pensam sobre elas, como as integram no seu planeamento individual / de grupo, o que se constitui como objectivo do estudo. Sendo um instrumento de Desenvolvimento Curricular multifacetado, apoiámo-nos numa Literatura que, para além de uma breve contextualização histórica, abordasse três áreas nucleares: as próprias Metas de Aprendizagem, o Planeamento e a Avaliação. Para concretizar os objectivos, foi testado e aplicado um questionário a 45 indivíduos, distribuído aleatoriamente, e cujas respostas foram sujeitas a tratamento estatístico. Não sendo uma amostra representativa, logo, impassível de extrapolação, obtiveram-se as seguintes conclusões: a maioria dos professores conhece e concorda com o documento; a maioria dos 33 indivíduos que conheciam as MA, revelou uma posição crítica muito positiva referindo como vantagens o apoio ao currículo e a uniformização do ensino, afirmou usar as MA no seu planeamento individual / grupo e manifestou-se unanimemente satisfeito com a sua aplicação. Os discordantes focam-se mais em questões de princípio do que na organização do documento.ABSTRACT: The Learning Methods (LM), arise in 2009 as the culmination of several curricular reforms, made piecemeal, with little coordination between them. Optional until 2013, this would be the ideal time to investigate whether the physical education teachers know them, what they think about them, as part of their planning in individual / group, which is the objective of the study. Being a multi-faceted tool for Curriculum Development, we support a literature that, apart from a brief historical background, addresses three core areas: their own Learning Methods, planning and evaluation. To achieve the objectives, it was tested and applied a questionnaire to 45 randomly selected individuals, and the answers were subjected to statistical analysis. Not being a representative sample, so impassive extrapolation, we obtained the following conclusions: most teachers know and agree with the document; most of the 33 individuals who knew the LM revealed a critical position as a very positive advantages referring to the curriculum and support standardization of education, said to use the LM in their planning individual / group and is unanimously expressed satisfaction with their application. The discordant focus more on issues of principle than in the organization of the document.

Controlo de qualidade de formas farmacêuticas estéreis

Com o avanço da tecnologia cada vez mais acessível, torna-se imprescindível acompanhar este mesmo desenvolvimento e adotá-lo para a obtenção de um melhor produto. Sendo as formas farmacêuticas estéreis alvo de uma rigorosa avaliação dos seus requisitos, é uma grande vantagem conhecer quais as orientações atuais para o fabrico destes produtos. Uma vez que estamos na era da “aldeia global”, é inquestionável a necessidade de conhecer documentos de outros países, isto porque na indústria farmacêutica, tal como em muitas outras, há o objetivo de expandir a comercialização de produtos para outros países, continentes, mas há que ter em atenção que para esses países os requisitos de qualidade desses produtos podem não ser iguais aos do nosso país. Ao conhecer e aplicar os principais e mais rígidos controlos e normas, é certo que todos os outros serão cumpridos. Como principais documentos que regulam e orientam o processo de fabrico destes produtos existem as Good Manufacturing Practices, as normas da Internactional Standardization Organization e as Farmacopeias de vários países. Na indústria farmacêutica, principalmente no fabrico das formas farmacêuticas estéreis, há controlo não só do processo de fabrico e produto final, como também de todo o ambiente e intervenientes que envolvem a produção. Dentro das formas farmacêuticas em estudo encontram-se as de uso oftálmico, de aplicação nasal, de aplicação auricular e de uso parenteral. Todas estas têm o principal requisito de ser estéreis, variando nos outros parâmetros, como tonicidade e pH de acordo com a localização da administração. Os ensaios realizados tanto em In Process Control como no produto final, estão presentes nas Farmacopeias, que serão discutidos e comparados entre si.

O processo de acreditação hospitalar na perspectiva de profissionais de saúde de um hospital privado em Macapá - Estudo de caso

A acreditação hospitalar é um método de avaliação dos recursos institucionais, voluntário e periódico, que busca garantir a qualidade da assistência prestada, através da padronização, organização e segurança nos processos de trabalho. A certificação hospitalar é um reconhecimento da Organização Nacional de Acreditação - ONA que garante alto nível de prestação de serviço em todos os setores de uma organização de saúde, introduzindo a gestão da qualidade como ferramenta permanente de aprimoramento institucional. Destacam-se como uns de seus objetivos, a busca contínua pela qualidade nos cuidados aos pacientes, proporcionando um ambiente livre de riscos para todos aqueles que circulam na instituição de saúde, abrangendo todos os seus serviços e segmentos existentes. O caminho para a implantação bem sucedida de um programa baseado nos padrões exigidos pelo Manual Brasileiro de Acreditação - MBA da ONA passa pela estruturação de um processo educativo permanente e abrangente, que contemple todo o quadro funcional, desde o operacional até a alta administração da instituição, compartilhando princípios, metas e objetivos a serem alcançados. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar cultura de melhoria contínua de gestão da qualidade na perspectiva de profissionais de saúde de um hospital privado em Macapá, sendo classificada como um estudo quanti-qualitativo, de abordagem descritiva exploratória. A pesquisa foi desenvolvido com 198 profissionais de saúde alocados nas seguintes categorias: liderança, equipe multiprofissional, equipe técnica e administrativo/apoio, por meio de aplicação de questionário.

The validation of CID's Grammatical Analysis of Elicited Language with language delayed children

This paper examines the Central Institute for the Deaf’s "Grammatical Analysis of Elicited Language" (GAEL) test of expressive language and whether it identifies children with language disorders. Also examined is the relative difficulty of each of the grammatical categories sampled on the GAEL in relation to the standardization sample.

GC/multiple collector-ICPMS method for chlorine stable isotope analysis of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons

Stable isotopic characterization of chlorine in chlorinated aliphatic pollution is potentially very valuable for risk assessment and monitoring remediation or natural attenuation. The approach has been underused because of the complexity of analysis and the time it takes. We have developed a new method that eliminates sample preparation. Gas chromatography produces individually eluted sample peaks for analysis. The He carrier gas is mixed with Ar and introduced directly into the torch of a multicollector ICPMS. The MC-ICPMS is run at a high mass resolution of >= 10 000 to eliminate interference of mass 37 ArH with Cl. The standardization approach is similar to that for continuous flow stable isotope analysis in which sample and reference materials are measured successively. We have measured PCE relative to a laboratory TCE standard mixed with the sample. Solvent samples of 200 nmol to 1.3 mu mol ( 24- 165 mu g of Cl) were measured. The PCE gave the same value relative to the TCE as measured by the conventional method with a precision of 0.12% ( 2 x standard error) but poorer precision for the smaller samples.

User interface standards for expert systems: are they appropriate?

In recent years there has been a growing debate over whether or not standards should be produced for user system interfaces. Those in favor of standardization argue that standards in this area will result in more usable systems, while those against argue that standardization is neither practical nor desirable. The present paper reviews both sides of this debate in relation to expert systems. It argues that in many areas guidelines are more appropriate than standards for user interface design.

Determining the influence of rainfall patterns and carbendazim on the surface activity of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris

Carbendazim is highly toxic to earthworms and is used as a standard control substance when running field-based trials of pesticides, but results using carbendazim are highly variable. In the present study, impacts of timing of rainfall events following carbendazim application on earthworms were investigated. Lumbricus terrestris were maintained in soil columns to which carbendazim and then deionized water (a rainfall substitute) were applied. Carbendazim was applied at 4 kg/ha, the rate recommended in pesticide field trials. Three rainfall regimes were investigated: initial and delayed heavy rainfall 24 h and 6 d after carbendazim application, and frequent rainfall every 48 h. Earthworm mortality and movement of carbendazim through the soil was assessed 14 d after carbendazim application. No detectable movement of carbendazim occurred through the soil in any of the treatments or controls. Mortality in the initial heavy and frequent rainfall was significantly higher (approximately 55%) than in the delayed rainfall treatment (approximately 25%). This was due to reduced bioavailability of carbendazim in the latter treatment due to a prolonged period of sorption of carbendazim to soil particles before rainfall events. The impact of carbendazim application on earthworm surface activity was assessed using video cameras. Carbendazim applications significantly reduced surface activity due to avoidance behavior of the earthworms. Surface activity reductions were least in the delayed rainfall treatment due to the reduced bioavailability of the carbendazim. The nature of rainfall events' impacts on the response of earthworms to carbendazim applications, and details of rainfall events preceding and following applications during field trials should be made at a higher level of resolution than is currently practiced according to standard International Organization for Standardization protocols.

The best of both worlds: Producing national statistics using participatory methods

This paper presents our experience with combining statistical principles and participatory methods to generate national statistics. The methodology was developed in Malawi during 1999–2002. We demonstrate that if PRA is combined with statistical principles (including probability-based sampling and standardization), it can produce total population statistics and estimates of the proportion of households with certain characteristics (e.g., poverty). It can also provide quantitative data on complex issues of national importance such as poverty targeting. This approach is distinct from previous PRA-based approaches, which generate numbers at community level but only provide qualitative information at national level.

Quantitative comparison between the use of 3D vs 2D visualization tools to present building design proposals to non-spatial skilled end users

Information technology in construction (ITC) has been gaining wide acceptance and is being implemented in the construction research domains as a tool to assist decision makers. Most of the research into visualization technologies (VT) has been on the wide range of 3D and simulation applications suitable for construction processes. Despite its development with interoperability and standardization of products, VT usage has remained very low when it comes to communicating and addressing the needs of building end-users (BEU). This paper argues that building end users are a source of experience and expertise that can be brought into the briefing stage for the evaluation of design proposals. It also suggests that the end user is a source of new ideas promoting innovation. In this research a positivistic methodology that includes the comparison of 3D models and the traditional 2D methods is proposed. It will help to identify "how much", if anything, a non-spatial specialist can gain in terms Of "understanding" of a particular design proposal presented, using both methods.