857 resultados para price limit


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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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The thermal behavior of Cu-Al alloys with 17, 19 and 21 at.%Al was examined by differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of the gamma phase (Al4Cu9) was clearly detected for the Cu-19 at.%Al alloy and caused the alpha (2) phase disordering process in two stages. The tendency to increase the alpha (2) dissolution precipitates with the increase in the Al content seems to be reverted for compositions at about 21 at.%Al and the heating/cooling ratio seems to influence the thermal response of this process. The presence of the endothermic peak corresponding to the beta (1)--> beta transformation depends on an incomplete beta decomposition reaction. The variation of the heating rate showed that the beta (1)-->(alpha+gamma (1)) decomposition is the dominant reaction for alloys containing 19 and 21 at.%Al.

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Relata-se a ocorrência de Learedius learedi Price 1934 (Digenea, Spirorchiidae) em Chelonia mydas Linnaeus 1758 (Testudines, Chelonidae) no Brasil. Onze animais foram examinados e destes, 54,6% estavam parasitados. Duzentos e cinqüenta e cinco exemplares de L. learedi foram recuperados de órgãos (coração, fígado, baço, pulmões, rins, mesentério) e do lavado corporal dos animais. Os resultados contribuem para o conhecimento da helmintofauna de quelônios marinhos e sua distribuição geográfica. Este é o primeiro registro da ocorrência de L. learedi na região do Atlântico Sul Ocidental.

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O conhecimento das fases de absorção de água das diferentes espécies é importante em pesquisas objetivando melhorar a qualidade das sementes, utilizando tratamentos como condicionamento osmótico, pré-hidratação e uso de bioreguladores. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estabelecer uma metodologia para determinar o limite entre a primeira e a segunda fase do processo, considerando o modelo W = f(t) - (a - w0)exp(-kt), utilizando testes estatísticos. O limite entre as duas primeiras fases do processo de absorção de água pelas sementes, foi determinado utilizando-se a distribuição assintótica de uma função de estimadores. O ponto a partir do qual esta diferença (W*) deixa de ser significativa foi determinado utilizando-se o teste estatístico T de Student. Para os dados utilizados como exemplo, tem-se o modelo ou =(0,434 + 0,00162 t) - (0,434 - w o)exp(-0,121 t), com r² = 0,98 e W* = (0,434 - w o) exp(-0,121 t). O valor de t encontrado (27,2 horas) é menor do que o valor determinado, considerando-se como critério para mudança de fase a diferença de 1% entre a assíntota e o valor estimado pelo modelo ajustado. Essa diferença de duas horas corresponde a 0,28% de água absorvida.

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We investigate the Heston model with stochastic volatility and exponential tails as a model for the typical price fluctuations of the Brazilian São Paulo Stock Exchange Index (IBOVESPA). Raw prices are first corrected for inflation and a period spanning 15 years characterized by memoryless returns is chosen for the analysis. Model parameters are estimated by observing volatility scaling and correlation properties. We show that the Heston model with at least two time scales for the volatility mean reverting dynamics satisfactorily describes price fluctuations ranging from time scales larger than 20min to 160 days. At time scales shorter than 20 min we observe autocorrelated returns and power law tails incompatible with the Heston model. Despite major regulatory changes, hyperinflation and currency crises experienced by the Brazilian market in the period studied, the general success of the description provided may be regarded as an evidence for a general underlying dynamics of price fluctuations at intermediate mesoeconomic time scales well approximated by the Heston model. We also notice that the connection between the Heston model and Ehrenfest urn models could be exploited for bringing new insights into the microeconomic market mechanics. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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In the 1980s D. Eisenbud and J. Harris posed the following question: What are the limits of Weierstrass points in families of curves degenerating to stable curves not of compact type? In the present article, we give a partial answer to this question. We consider the case where the limit curve has components intersecting at points in general position and where the degeneration occurs along a general direction. For this case we compute the limits of Weierstrass points of any order. However, for the usual Weierstrass points, of order one, we need to suppose that all of the components of the limit curve intersect each other.

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Anelastic spectra (elastic energy absorption as a function of temperature) are reported which provide evidence that excess O in La2CuO4+delta starts forming two different types of defects already at very low concentrations, where no phase separation or changes in the type of O intercalation are believed to occur. The absorption peak with the lowest activation enthalpy, H/k(B) = 5600 K, is visible at lowest values of delta and is attributed to the hopping of single interstitial O2- ions. The second process, with a slightly slower dynamics, appears at higher values of delta and soon becomes preponderant over the former process. The latter process is proposed to be due to stable pairs of O atoms and is put in connection with the formation of partially covalent bonds between interstitial and apical oxygen; such bonds would reduce the doping efficiency of excess O at increasing delta. The geometry of the interstitial O defect is discussed. O 1998 Published by Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

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We compute the one-loop oblique corrections in a typical model with neutrino masses due to the seesaw mechanism. We verify that a Dirac neutrino mass up to 178 GeV is still allowed by the experimental data.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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