Investigación de mercados como herramienta para determinar la disponibilidad a pagar un precio adicional o premium por carne de res certificada, mediante un sello de inocuidad en la empresa DIKA S.A. de C.V.

Los orígenes de esta investigación, tienen como base la implementación de un sello de inocuidad en la empresa DIKA S.A. de C.V. Para mejorar sus procesos en los destaces de las reses en su rastro, ya que en la actualidad los rastros no brindan un servicio de buena calidad para sus clientes. El objetivo primordial de la investigación es: Determinar mediante el trabajo de campo, si los clientes están dispuestos a pagar un precio adicional por carne de res certificada; y de acuerdo a la información obtenida la empresa pueda tomar las decisiones sobre la implementación del sello de inocuidad. La metodología que se utilizó fue, por la naturaleza de la investigación, basada en el tipo de muestreo no probabilístico ya que en Súper Selectos (principal intermediario) tienen como política no permitir encuestadores en sus locales de venta, esto nos obligó a tomar otras medidas de recolección de información, como los mencionados anterior mente. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que de los 104 encuestados, el 64.4% está a favor o dispuesto a pagar un precio adicional, por el contrario u opinión diferente se encuentra el 35.6%. Estos porcentajes indican, que la inversión podría ser rentable. Después de analizar los datos brindados por las encuestas, concluimos que sí, el sello debe ser implementado; pero el alza en los precios debe ser pausado y estratégicamente, además buscar recuperar la inversión no solo en los precios sino en otras estrategias, las cuales recomendamos en el Capítulo III.

Proton Form Factor Puzzle and the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer(CLAS) Two-Photon Exchange Experiment

The electromagnetic form factors are the most fundamental observables that encode information about the internal structure of the nucleon. The electric ($G_{E}$) and the magnetic ($G_{M}$) form factors contain information about the spatial distribution of the charge and magnetization inside the nucleon. A significant discrepancy exists between the Rosenbluth and the polarization transfer measurements of the electromagnetic form factors of the proton. One possible explanation for the discrepancy is the contributions of two-photon exchange (TPE) effects. Theoretical calculations estimating the magnitude of the TPE effect are highly model dependent, and limited experimental evidence for such effects exists. Experimentally, the TPE effect can be measured by comparing the ratio of positron-proton elastic scattering cross section to that of the electron-proton $\large(R = \frac{\sigma (e^{+}p)}{\sigma (e^{-}p)}\large)$. The ratio $R$ was measured over a wide range of kinematics, utilizing a 5.6 GeV primary electron beam produced by the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab. This dissertation explored dependence of $R$ on kinematic variables such as squared four-momentum transfer ($Q^{2}$) and the virtual photon polarization parameter ($\varepsilon$). A mixed electron-positron beam was produced from the primary electron beam in experimental Hall B. The mixed beam was scattered from a liquid hydrogen (LH$_{2}$) target. Both the scattered lepton and the recoil proton were detected by the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). The elastic events were then identified by using elastic scattering kinematics. This work extracted the $Q^{2}$ dependence of $R$ at high $\varepsilon$ ($\varepsilon > $ 0.8) and the $\varepsilon$ dependence of $R$ at $\langle Q^{2} \rangle \approx 0.85$ GeV$^{2}$. In these kinematics, our data confirm the validity of the hadronic calculations of the TPE effect by Blunden, Melnitchouk, and Tjon. This hadronic TPE effect, with additional corrections contributed by higher excitations of the intermediate state nucleon, largely reconciles the Rosenbluth and the polarization transfer measurements of the electromagnetic form factors.

A Markov switching unobserved component analysis of the CDX index term premium

Using a Markov switching unobserved component model we decompose the term premium of the North American CDX index into a permanent and a stationary component. We establish that the inversion of the CDX term premium is induced by sudden changes in the unobserved stationary component, which represents the evolution of the fundamentals underpinning the probability of default in the economy. We find evidence that the monetary policy response from the Fed during the crisis period was effective in reducing the volatility of the term premium. We also show that equity returns make a substantial contribution to the term premium over the entire sample period.

Learning curves: analysing pace and challenge in four successful puzzle games

The pace at which challenges are introduced in a game has long been identified as a key determinant of both the enjoyment and difficulty experienced by game players, and their ability to learn from game play. In order to understand how to best pace challenges in games, there is great value in analysing games already demonstrated as highly engaging. Play-through videos of four puzzle games (Portal, Portal 2 Co-operative mode, Braid and Lemmings), were observed and analysed using metrics derived from a behavioural psychology understanding of how people solve problems. Findings suggest that; 1) the main skills learned in each game are introduced separately, 2) through simple puzzles that require only basic performance of that skill, 3) the player has the opportunity to practice and integrate that skill with previously learned skills, and 4) puzzles increase in complexity until the next new skill is introduced. These data provide practical guidance for designers, support contemporary thinking on the design of learning structures in games, and suggest future directions for empirical research.

Bringing forward semantic relations: Issues and proposals

Semantic relations are an important element in the construction of ontologies and models of problem domains. Nevertheless, they remain fuzzy or under-specified. This is a pervasive problem in software engineering and artificial intelligence. Thus, we find semantic links that can have multiple interpretations in wide-coverage ontologies, semantic data models with abstractions that are not enough to capture the relation richness of problem domains, and improperly structured taxonomies. However, if relations are provided with precise semantics, some of these problems can be avoided, and meaningful operations can be performed on them. In this paper we present some insightful issues about the modeling, representation and usage of relations including the available taxonomy structuring methodologies as well as the initiatives aiming to provide relations with precise semantics. Moreover, we explain and propose the control of relations as a key issue for the coherent construction of ontologies.

Physical activity and osseointegration: "step forward" to improve the quality of life of a trans-femoral amputee person

Lower limb amputation is an event that inevitably changes the lifestyle of the person with a significant impact on quality of life. The socket-type prosthesis entails that the residual limb is in direct contact with the socket which often implies numerous disadvantages. Osseointegrated prosthesis is a solution that avoids skin problems because not include the presence of the socket. In this type of prosthesis, a stem is surgically inserted inside the medullary canal and connected with the external prosthetic limb. Therefore, this thesis aims to highlight and explore the main strengths and problems of osseointegrated prostheses and to examine the role of physical activity, with attention to functional capacity and bone quality. The objectives of the thesis will be developed through 5 studies: (I) A gait analysis of a 44 years-old male patient who underwent surgery for the implantation of an osseointegrated prosthesis; (II) A systematic review to investigate the state of stump bone quality in patients with limb amputations; (III) A systematic review of the technologies involved in such devices has been carried out to identify the most fruitful ones in improving bone quality; (IV) A systematic review investigating the topic of physical activity and bone turnover biomarkers; (V) A systematic review to investigate the effects of physical activity interventions combined with drug treatments on bone biomarkers in people with osteopenia and osteoporosis. The integrated prosthesis is a good solution for people with lower limb amputation who cannot use their traditional socket-type prosthesis. Although many objectives have already been achieved, there are still many aspects that we can improve. These include the creation of a multidisciplinary path that support patients along their path, with particular attention to the pre-surgery and the post-rehabilitation phase that is still lacking even if of fundamental impact in determining the quality of life.

Beyond pollinator reward: steps forward and knowledge gaps on the role of floral nectar in plant-animal interactions.

The work done within the framework of my PhD project has been carried out between November 2019 and January 2023 at the Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences of the University of Bologna, under the supervision of Prof. Marta Galloni and PhD Gherardo Bogo. A period of three months was spent at the Natural History Museum of Rijeka, under the supervision of Prof. Boštjan Surina. The main aim of the thesis was to investigate further the so-called pollinator manipulation hypothesis, which states that when a floral visitor gets in contact with a specific nectar chemistry, the latter affects its behavior of visit on flowers, with potential repercussions on the plant reproductive fitness. To the purpose, the topic was tackled by means of three main approaches: field studies, laboratory assessments, and bibliographic reviews. This research project contributes to two main aspects. First, when insects encounter nectar-like concentrations of a plethora of secondary metabolites in their food-environment, various aspects of their behavior relevant to flower visitation can be affected. In addition, the results I gained confirm that the combination of field studies and laboratory assessments allows to get more realistic pictures of a given phenomenon than the single approaches. Second, reviewing the existent literature in the field of nectar ecology has highlighted how crucial is to establish the origin of nectar biogenic amines to either confirm or reject the multiple speculations made on the role of nectar microbes in shaping plant-animal interactions.

Un modello forward-backward per i certificati verdi nel mercato EU ETS

In questa tesi viene presentato un modello stocastico forward-backward per la valutazione dei certificati verdi nel mercato EU ETS (European Union Emissions Trading Scheme). Anzitutto si spiega l’origine di tale mercato, per poi descriverne il funzionamento e lo scopo. Vengono, quindi, introdotte le equazioni differenziali stocastiche backward lineari, per le quali si mostra un risultato di esistenza e unicità della soluzione. Conseguentemente vengono inquadrati matematicamente i sistemi differenziali stocastici forward-backward, mostrando una loro applicazione nell’ambito del option pricing. Viene quindi derivato il modello forward-backward per la valutazione delle quote di emissione. Il prezzo dei certificati verdi è trovato come soluzione di un’equazione differenziale alle derivate parziali semilineare. L'ultima parte è dedicata all’analisi numerica di tale PDE. Infine viene trattata la valutazione di opzioni europee scritte sulle quote di emissione.

Anaerobic And Aerobic Performances In Elite Basketball Players.

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO PROPOSE A SPECIFIC LACTATE MINIMUM TEST FOR ELITE BASKETBALL PLAYERS CONSIDERING THE: Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) as a hyperlactatemia inductor, short distances (specific distance, 20 m) during progressive intensity and mathematical analysis to interpret aerobic and anaerobic variables. The basketball players were assigned to four groups: All positions (n=26), Guard (n= 7), Forward (n=11) and Center (n=8). The hyperlactatemia elevation (RAST) method consisted of 6 maximum sprints over 35 m separated by 10 s of recovery. The progressive phase of the lactate minimum test consisted of 5 stages controlled by an electronic metronome (8.0, 9.0, 10.0, 11.0 and 12.0 km/h) over a 20 m distance. The RAST variables and the lactate values were analyzed using visual and mathematical models. The intensity of the lactate minimum test, determined by a visual method, reduced in relation to polynomial fits (2nd degree) for the Small Forward positions and General groups. The Power and Fatigue Index values, determined by both methods, visual and 3rd degree polynomial, were not significantly different between the groups. In conclusion, the RAST is an excellent hyperlactatemia inductor and the progressive intensity of lactate minimum test using short distances (20 m) can be specifically used to evaluate the aerobic capacity of basketball players. In addition, no differences were observed between the visual and polynomial methods for RAST variables, but lactate minimum intensity was influenced by the method of analysis.

Simulação da varredura da superfície por um cortador de base segmentado

Base cutting and feeding into harvesters of plants lying close to the ground surface require an efficient sweeping action of the cutting mechanism. It is not the case of conventional sugarcane harvesters which have rigid blades mounted on discs capable to contaminate the cane with dirt as well as damage the ratoons. The objective of this work was to simulate the sweeping performance of a segmented base cutter. The model was developed using the laws of dynamic. Simulation included two rotational speeds (400 and 600 rpm), two cutting heights (0.12 and 0.13 m) and two disk tilting angles (-10º and -12º). The simulated sweeping angle varied between 56º and 193º, which are very promising as a mean to cutting and feeding cane sticks lying on the ground. Cutting height was the variable that affected sweeping action the most. This behavior indicates the need to have an automatic control of the cutting disk height in order to keep good sweeping performance as the harvester moves forward.

Topiramate-associated acute, bilateral, angle-closure glaucoma: case report

This paper describes a topiramate induced acute bilateral angle-closure glaucoma. This rare adverse effect is an idiosyncratic reaction characterized by uveal effusion and lens forward displacement, leading to increased intraocular pressure and vision loss. We describe a 55 year-old white woman with migraine, spasmodic torticollis and essential tremor, who developed bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma, one week after starting topiramate 25 mg/day. She was seen at the Ophthalmology Emergency Department of the Fundação João Penido Burnier (Campinas, SP, Brazil) with a 4 hours history of blurry vision, ocular pain and bright flashes vision. Slit lamp examination revealed moderate conjunctival injection and corneal edema, and shallow anterior chambers. Intraocular pressure was 48 mmHg in both eyes. Fundoscopic examination findings were normal. She was treated with timolol, brimonidine, dorzolamide, pilocarpine, prednisone acetate eye drops and acetazolamide. One hour after those measures, as the intraocular pressure was 30 mmHg, she received a manitol intravenous injection and the intraocular pressure normalized. After 24 hours an iridotomy with Yag laser was performed. Topiramate was discontinued and she was totally recovered after one week.

Analise quantitativa das adaptações da coluna vertebral em mulheres gravidas

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

Corpos na escola : (des)compassos entre a educação física e a religião = Bodies in school: (un)measures between physical education and religion

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

A dança no projeto "Arte, educação e cidadania" : um relato de experiencia

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física