692 resultados para braço labial
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The Centropomidae family consists of three genera, Centropomus, Lates and Psammoperca. Centropomus is the most diverse group, with six Centropomus species occur in the Western Atlantic Ocean C. poeyi Chávez, 1961, C. parallelus Poey, 1860, C. mexicanus Bocourt, 1868, C. pectinatus Poey, 1860 and C. ensiferus Poey, 1860. Some of these species are considered cryptic, because of its morphological traits showed low resolution for identification purposes. Despite showing great interest as a natural resource and fish culture, aspects of their diversity and karyotypic patterns are poorly understood. In this work morphological identification and comparison of mitochondrial 16S gene sequence were used to identify the species of the genus Centropomus occurring in Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil. Two sepecies were identified, C. undecimalis and C. mexicanus, which had the chromosomal aspects analyzed, through Classical cytogenetic method analyzes (conventional staining, C-banding, Ag-NORs), fluorochrome staining AT- and GC-specific, replication bands by incorporating of the base analog 5-Bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (5-BrdU), in situ chromosomal mapping of (TTAGGG)n sequences and in situ chromosome mapping 18S and 5S rRNA genes. Both species show 2n=48 acrocentric chromosomes, with ribosomal sites (Ag-NOR/18S rDNA/ Mitramycin+) in second chromosomal pair, in telomeric position on the long arm in C. mexicanus and interstitial in C. undecimalis. The nuclear organization pair (pair 2) shown a resolutive cytotaxonomic marker for these two species. The generated data reveal a lower species diversity than previously believed, suggesting that greater attention should be paid in taxonomic identification of the species, in view of optimize commercial actions exploitation, biological conservation and cultivation.
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Breast cancer is the second type of cancer that affects more women of reproductive age in Brazil. Surgical treatments include: conserving surgery or mastectomy. Aimed to evaluate body image of women undergoing breast cancer surgery, based on the scale Body Image After Breast Cancer Questionnaire. It is a descriptive, exploratory, transversal, with a quantitative approach. Data were collected in Norte-riograndense League Against Cancer, between the months from March to May 2015, after consideration of the Research Ethics Committee of that institution CAEE 35155714.1.0000.5293. The study population consisted of women undergoing breast onco-surgery. To calculate the sample considered the finite population, totaling 120 subjects, collected four guys the most. Data were analyzed by the software Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0. The domain scores of the scale were evaluated using descriptive and inferential statistics. The surgical group mastectomy without reconstruction showed greater impairment of body image in the field "vulnerability", "Care for the body" and "transparency" in relation to other surgical types, and suggests susceptibility to cancer, body appearance and worry that disturb other. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed greater dissatisfaction with body image in the fields "body Stigma" and "transparency" to the radical neoplastic surgery over other surgical types. Dissatisfaction with body image and physical appearance was detected in this study in all six image fields present in scale, with emphasis on the "body Stigma" and "Transparency". This means that the body image disorder is formulated based on the perception of others about themselves and not by perception "self", which justifies the concern with appearance, with body and hide the consequences stemmed cancer. It is expected that the data obtained from the evaluation of body image presented in this study contribute to enable the assistance to oncocirurgiada woman breast integral, essential for the practice of Nursing.
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Breast cancer is the second type of cancer that affects more women of reproductive age in Brazil. Surgical treatments include: conserving surgery or mastectomy. Aimed to evaluate body image of women undergoing breast cancer surgery, based on the scale Body Image After Breast Cancer Questionnaire. It is a descriptive, exploratory, transversal, with a quantitative approach. Data were collected in Norte-riograndense League Against Cancer, between the months from March to May 2015, after consideration of the Research Ethics Committee of that institution CAEE 35155714.1.0000.5293. The study population consisted of women undergoing breast onco-surgery. To calculate the sample considered the finite population, totaling 120 subjects, collected four guys the most. Data were analyzed by the software Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0. The domain scores of the scale were evaluated using descriptive and inferential statistics. The surgical group mastectomy without reconstruction showed greater impairment of body image in the field "vulnerability", "Care for the body" and "transparency" in relation to other surgical types, and suggests susceptibility to cancer, body appearance and worry that disturb other. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed greater dissatisfaction with body image in the fields "body Stigma" and "transparency" to the radical neoplastic surgery over other surgical types. Dissatisfaction with body image and physical appearance was detected in this study in all six image fields present in scale, with emphasis on the "body Stigma" and "Transparency". This means that the body image disorder is formulated based on the perception of others about themselves and not by perception "self", which justifies the concern with appearance, with body and hide the consequences stemmed cancer. It is expected that the data obtained from the evaluation of body image presented in this study contribute to enable the assistance to oncocirurgiada woman breast integral, essential for the practice of Nursing.
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Background: stroke causes long-term impairments, limitation of activities and restriction in participation in daily life situations, especially for upper limb impairment (UL). Action Observation (AO) has been used for the rehabilitation of UL in these patients. It's a multisensory therapy which consists in observing a healthy subject performing a motor task, followed by physical practice. Objectives: assess whether the AO improves motor function of UL and dependence for activities of daily living (ADLs) of stroke patients or cause any adverse effects. Search methods: a search strategy was words and terms used for the identification of articles, in the following scientific basis Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; MEDLINE; PsycINFO; CINAHL and LILACS. In addition to manual search of the references of articles and search for theses and dissertations in Portal Capes and LILACS. The identification of the studies was conducted from October to December 2015, being the last search on December 3. Selection criteria: randomised controlled trials (RCT) involving adults with stroke who had deficits in upper limb function and used AO as an intervention. Data collection and analysis: the data extracted from the studies were used to analyze the risk of bias, the effect of the treatment and the quality of the body of evidence. Main results: 6 studies were included, totaling 270 patients. The primary outcome analyzed was the motor function of MS. Were combined in meta-analyzes studies comparing AO versus placebo or an active control, considering the immediate and long-term effect (n=241). Regarding the motor function of the arm (5 trials), the estimated effect for the therapy was not significant. However, when considering the hand function estimating the effect was favorable to the group that conducted the AO, in short (mean difference = 6.93, 95% CI 1.48 to 12.39; P = 0.01) and long-term (mean difference = 7.57; 95% CI 1.34 the 13.80; p = 0.02). Unable to perform the analysis for functional dependency. The studies showed a low or uncertain risk of bias, but the quality of evidence the body was considered low and very low quality. Authors’ conclusions: AO was effective in improving hand function of stroke patients. Despite the low quality evidence that the use of OA in clinical practice should not be discouraged. RCT new studies should be conducted with greater methodological rigor and larger samples, covering important outcomes such as functional dependence for ADLs.
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The aim of this research is to describe and analyze the realization of the /R/ at the end of the syllable (coda) in the city of Uberlândia-MG, taking into account variationist aspects and possible phonological phenomena that permeates the variable realization of this segment. We used the labovian variationist methodology, that gave us the needed support to investigate and systematize the variation of one linguistic community. The corpus was compound by 5139 occurrences of /R/, which 2528 were retroflex realizations, 2480 were deletions and 132 were occurrences of other segments. The informants of this research were stratified by: sex; age group; scholarly; they were born in Uberlândia or they arrived in this city before fifth birthday. Beyond the extralinguistic variables (sex, age group and scholarty), we established as linguistic variables: following context; previous context; tonicity of syllable; lexical item; coda position in the syllable; and, at last, the word size. After the statistic analisis computed by the Goldvarb software, the favoring contexts to the retroflex realization were: coronal segments in the following context; labial segments in the previous context; unstressed syllables; nouns and others (non verbs); and words with one syllable. The favoring contexts to deletion were: dorsal segments int the following context and verbs. The extra linguistic variables favored the variation less scholarty. So, the factors male sex and age group from 26 to 49 years favored the retroflex variant, while the factors female and the age group with more than 49 years favored the deletion.
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v. 17, n. 2, p. 285-295, abr./jun. 2016.
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O leite humano é considerado a base da alimentação da criança, porque para além de ser nutritivo ao fornecer-lhe os nutrientes necessários ao seu crescimento, ainda lhe transmite fatores imunológicos e enzimas, protegendo o lactente contra infeções e alergias, bem como facilita o seu desenvolvimento psicossocial. Pedroso (2011, p.40) ao citar Parizotto e Zorzi (2008) refere também que "amamentar é muito mais do que alimentar a criança. Envolve uma interacção complexa, multi-factorial, entre duas pessoas, que interfere no estado nutricional de uma criança, em sua habilidade de se defender de infecções, em sua fisiologia e no seu desenvolvimento cognitivo e emocional". A criança ao mamar, ao sugar o leite materno realiza movimentos musculares a nível da região oral. Ao realizar esses movimentos, a criança obtém uma tonicidade muscular adequada e uma estimulação da estrutura óssea e dos músculos faciais, o que contribui para o correto desenvolvimento dos órgãos fono-articulatórios, prevenindo alterações de hipo-desenvolvimento, mal oclusões e problemas de articulação (Delgado & Halpern, 2005). Pereira (2008) ao citar (Sousa, 1997) refere que a criança durante a amamentação, aprende a respirar corretamente pelo nariz, evitando amigdalites, pneumonias, entre outras doenças. O aleitamento materno proporciona ao bebé um padrão de respiração correto, favorecendo o encerramento labial e a postura adequada da língua, garantindo a boa relação entre as estruturas do Sistema Estomatognático (Tollara et al, 2005), citados por Pereira (2015, p. 15). Cada vez mais as informações veiculadas através dos meios de comunicação social chamam a atenção para a importância da amamentação. No entanto, a promoção comercial desenvolvida pela indústria e empresas do setor podem diminuir a promoção do aleitamento materno, ao oferecerem amostras às mães nas maternidades, o que pode promover o abandono progressivo do aleitamento materno. Segundo Andrezza et al (2013) os bicos de qualquer natureza, quando utilizados por um determinado período, podem causar o fenómeno denominado de confusão de bicos, acabando por levar ao desmame precoce. Um estudo desenvolvido por França et al (2008) referem que o uso da chupeta é um dos determinantes principais que levam as mães a interromper precocemente o aleitamento. O uso da chupeta, referido desde o período neolítico (Castilho e Rocha, 2009), temática controversa, merece a atenção dos vários profissionais de saúde, e é considerado como um problema de Saúde Pública. Pereira (2015) no estudo que desenvolveu concluiu que as crianças que usaram chupeta apresentaram mais alterações na fala, na postura, mobilidade da língua e na mordida comparativamente com as que não a utilizaram. Galvão (2006, p. 25), ao citar a OMS e a UNICEF (1995), afirma que "as práticas adoptadas nos serviços de saúde podem ter um efeito importante sobre a amamentação. Práticas desfavoráveis interferem com a amamentação e contribuem para a disseminação do aleitamento artificial. Boas práticas apoiam o aleitamento materno e favorecem que as mães amamentem com sucesso e continuem a amamentar por longo tempo". Torna-se igualmente importante que as orientações fornecidas pelos profissionais de saúde não sejam diferentes, ambíguas ou contraditórias, pois pode aumentar a ansiedade e angústia das mães. Neste sentido, importa saber: o que sabem as mães que amamentam ou amamentaram sobre a influência do uso da chupeta no processo da amamentação e no desenvolvimento da criança? O que levou as mães que amamentam ou amamentaram a decidir colocar ou não chupeta aos filhos?
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El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto del protocolo de exodoncias de premolares sobre el perfil blando durante el tratamiento de ortodoncia en pacientes atendidos en un consultorio particular de la provincia de Chiclayo, durante el periodo 2014 – 2015. El diseño del presente estudio fue básico, analítico y retrospectivo, donde la unidad de análisis serán las radiografías cefalométricas tomadas antes y después del tratamiento de ortodoncia en pacientes que acudieron a un consultorio particular. Se analizarán 21 pacientes pre y post tratamiento divididas en 2 grupos: grupo casos en los cuales se le realizó las exodoncias y grupo control donde no se realizaron exodoncias contando con 20 y 22 placas radiográficas respectivamente. Se emplearon 8 mediciones para la evaluación del perfil blando: ángulo nasofacial, Línea E de Ricketts, ángulo nasolabial, ángulo facial de tejidos blandos, profundidad del surco labial superior, distancia Subnasal a la línea H, ángulo H y labio inferior a la línea H. En el análisis de datos se presentó la información descriptiva mediante tablas (frecuencias absolutas y porcentuales) y gráficos. Así mismo, para el análisis inferencial se usó prueba T para muestras independientes y prueba T para muestras relacionadas a un nivel de confiabilidad de 95%. El presente estudio concluyó que el protocolo de exodoncias de premolares tiene el efecto de modificar el perfil blando con una diferencia significativa en los ángulo nasofacial, Línea E de Ricketts-labio superior y ángulo H . y con mayor porcentaje en el sexo femenino y en pacientes de 17 a 19 años de edad después el tratamiento de ortodoncia en pacientes atendidos en un consultorio particular.
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Introduction: Histiocytoses correspond to a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the proliferation andinfiltration of histiocytes in tissues. For years, many of the histiocytoses where known by numerous names, reflecting the lack of understanding regarding their origin. Case report: A previously healthy, 4-month-old infant presented a cutaneous lesion of progressive growth on his nose since 1 month ago. The mother has a diagnosis of Sjögren syndrome. On examination, there was a firm well-defined erythematous plaque with 30 mm of diameter and raised edges, on the bridge of the nose. At the left cheek, left thoracic region and right arm there were also small erythematous papules with 5 days of evolution. The analytical study showed elevated antinuclear antibodies and anti-SS-A. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of non-Langerhans cells histiocytosis. Progressively, more annular erythematous papules and plaques appeared scattered over the face, trunk and limbs with spontaneous resolution of the first lesion on the nose. About 2 months after the initial evaluation, all lesions had regressed spontaneously, with normalization of analytical study at one year-old. Conclusion: Many authors believe that the different subtypes of histiocytosis represent only different stages of the same disease. Immunophenotyping of histiocytosis does not always identify the subtype involved, making the occurrence of atypical cases frequent.
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A aptidão funcional é essencial à execução autónoma das atividades de vida diária. A aptidão funcional em idosos inclui vários componentes: força; treino aeróbico; flexibilidade; equilíbrio e composição corporal. Objetivos: Avaliar mudanças na aptidão funcional de idosos institucionalizados através de um programa de enfermagem de reabilitação baseado em exercício físico de moderada intensidade. Metodologia: Desenho pré-teste/pós-teste com grupo de controlo. O programa de intervenção incluiu 3 sessões semanais de 30 minutos cada, durante 6 meses. A aptidão funcional foi avaliada pela bateria de testes Functional Fitness Test (FFT) para idosos. O grupo de intervenção (GI) tinha 15 participantes e o grupo de controlo (GC) 10. Resultados: No GI (85,9 ± 6,1 anos) observámos um aumento significativo (p<0,05) da força de preensão manual; força de flexão do braço; mobilidade, agilidade/equilíbrio dinâmico e do equilíbrio unipodal. No GC (85,8 ± 4,6 anos) não se registaram alterações significativas em qualquer das componentes da aptidão funcional. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que os idosos do GI melhoraram a sua aptidão funcional.
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Human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stem cells, have become an important and attractive therapeutic tool since they are easily isolated and cultured, have in vitro expansion potential, substantial plasticity and secrete bioactive molecules that exert trophic effects. The human umbilical cord as a cell source for cell therapy will help to avoid several ethical, political, religious and technical issues. One of the main issues with SC lines from different sources, mainly those of embryonic origin, is the possibility of chromosomal alterations and genomic instability during in vitro expansion. Cells isolated from one umbilical cord exhibited a rare balanced paracentric inversion, likely a cytogenetic constitutional alteration, karyotype: 46,XY,inv(3)(p13p25~26). Important genes related to cancer predisposition and others involved in DNA repair are located in 3p25~26. Titanium is an excellent biomaterial for bone-implant integration; however, the use can result in the generation of particulate debris that can accumulate in the tissues adjacent to the prosthesis, in the local bone marrow, in the lymph nodes, liver and spleen. Subsequently may elicit important biological responses that aren´t well studied. In this work, we have studied the genetic stability of MSC isolated from the umbilical cord vein during in vitro expansion, after the cryopreservation, and under different concentrations and time of exposition to titanium microparticles. Cells were isolated, in vitro expanded, demonstrated capacity for osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation and were evaluated using flow cytometry, so they met the minimum requirements for characterization as MSCs. The cells were expanded under different concentrations and time of exposition to titanium microparticles. The genetic stability of MSCs was assessed by cytogenetic analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and analysis of micronucleus and other nuclear alterations (CBMN). The cells were able to internalize the titanium microparticles, but MSCs preserve their morphology, differentiation capacity and surface marker expression profiles. Furthermore, there was an increase in the genomic instability after long time of in vitro expansion, and this instability was greater when cells were exposed to high doses of titanium microparticles that induced oxidative stress. It is necessary always assess the risks/ benefits of using titanium in tissue therapy involving MSCs, considering the biosafety of the use of bone regeneration using titanium and MSCs. Even without using titanium, it is important that the therapeutic use of such cells is based on analyzes that ensure quality, security and cellular stability, with the standardization of quality control programs appropriate. In conclusion, it is suggested that cytogenetic analysis, FISH analysis and the micronucleus and other nuclear alterations are carried out in CTMH before implanting in a patient
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Este método de vendaje consiste en la colocación de un esparadrapo o cinta elástica adhesiva en la zona sobre la que se quiere actuar, favoreciendo así la función muscular y circulatoria, tanto sanguínea, como linfática ofreciendo una estimulación propioceptiva y actuando como analgésico además de actuar sobre la fascia externa con las consecuencia s beneficiosas que esto conlleva . Existen distintas técnicas de aplicación dependiendo de la zona y los efectos que queramos conseguir. Los beneficios que nos aporta el vendaje neuromuscular son muy amplios y pueden ser explicados desde la neurofisiología, la neuromecánica y la fisiología muscular: Efecto circulatorio : gracias a la elasticidad del vendaje y a la forma en que se aplica , con la zona a tratar en posición de estiramiento (por regla general ) pero sin estirar el vendaje. Debido a estas dos circunstancias, cuando la estructura a tratar vuelve a su posición inicial, la elasticidad del vendaje hace que se produzca una elevación de la piel formando pliegues cutáneos superficiales llamados circunvoluciones , que aumentan el espacio celular subcutáneo donde se encuentran capilares sanguíneos y perilinfáticos; de esta forma se consigue un aumento de la circulación de la zona en la que se aplica el kinesiotape Efecto analgésico : el aumento del espacio celular subcutáneo que provoca el vendaje , consigue que disminuya la presión de los mecanorreceptores ubicados en este espacio, y de esta forma se reducen las aferencias nociceptivas. Este aumento del espacio celular subcutáneo también mejora la circulación local, favoreciendo el drenaje de los detritos tisulares y de los mediadores inflamatorios acumulados en la zona lesionada Efecto neuromecánico: la elasticidad del vendaje hace que éste se retraiga hacia el primer punto al que se adhiere a la piel (llamado base del vendaje). Esta tracción sobre la piel y sobre la fascia superficial tensa las fibras de colágeno ubicadas perpendicular y diagonalmente entre esta última y la fascia profunda, desencadenando un reflejo protector para evitar el sobreestiramiento de estos tejidos ubicados en el tejido celular subcutáneo; dicho reflejo consiste en que la fascia profunda se desliza en el mismo sentido que la superficial haciendo que los tejidos comprendidos entre ambas vuelvan a la posición de reposo o silencio neurológico. Acompañando a la fascia profunda, por compartir inervación, irá también el músculo. Por tanto, en las aplicaciones musculares, en función del sentido en el que apliquemos el vendaje neuromuscular (de origen a inserción o de inserción a origen), el músculo tenderá hacia el acortamiento o hacia la elongación , es decir, se tonificará o se relajará Neurofisiológicamente, el kinesiotape aporta información exteroceptiva que es recogida por los mecano receptores ubicados en la piel y las fascias, y es transmitida en sentido aferente hacia el sistema nervioso central influyendo en la regulación del movimiento normal (fuerza, dirección, amplitud, coordinación, etc) . A esto hay que añadirle el soporte externo que supone para la articulación, favoreciendo la biomecánica articular y el funcionamiento muscular En el campo de la Logopedia su uso actualmente, no está muy extendido y sus beneficios no son demasiado conocidos. Sin embargo, usado como complemento, como ayuda en los tratamientos logopédicos, queda cada vez más demostrado En logopedia, son muchas las patologías que pueden beneficiarse de la utilización del vendaje neuromuscular: disfonía, disfagia, deglución atípica, hipotonía o hipertonía muscular, parálisis facial, reeducación respiratoria... También se puede ampliar a tratamientos en aquellos casos en los que es necesario actuar sobre determinados músculos para conseguir una función concreta: Para tonificar la musculatura facial en casos de debilidad muscular. Para conseguir un óptimo cierre labial Para reducir la sialorrea (babeo) Para la relajación de los músculos laríngeos y/ o faciales en casos de hipertonía o exceso de tono Para estabilizar y controlar la mandíbula Para aumentar la capacidad inspiratoria y el diámetro torácico Para conseguir un adecuado posicionamiento del cuello.
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Releio a epígrafe de As Primeiras Coisas (Quetzal, 2013), romance de Bruno Vieira Amaral (mais conhecido como crítico literário e autor de um outro livro, muito útil e usado por muitos jovens às voltas com a disciplina de Literatura, Guia para 50 Personagens da Ficção Portuguesa): «‘Por toda a Hiroxima, as paredes e outras estruturas que permaneceram de pé preservaram sombras de pessoas ou de objectos. Todas elas na direcção do clarão de luz. A criação de tais imagens é semelhante à marca deixada no braço por um relógio no fim de um dia ao sol na praia.’ Charles Pellegrino, O Último Comboio de Hiroxima». E tudo faz sentido. Se não tivesse que dar mais informações sobre o livro, diria que As Primeiras Coisas é constituído pelas sombras de pessoas e objetos que marcaram o percurso de Bruno (personagem homónima do autor e que com ele partilha algumas características, como o próprio admite. Para que fique claro, sempre que mencionar apenas este nome próprio, é à personagem que me estou a referir).
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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitcetura, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitectura.
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Se realizó una investigación con el objetivo de establecer los cambios dentarios y evaluar la influencia de estos en los tejidos blandos comparando pacientes tratados con sistema Damon Q (N=23) y MBT (N=16). Se seleccionó una muestra de estudio conformada por 39 individuos siendo 28 mujeres y 11 varones de edades comprendidas entre 11 y 26 años. Se registraron radiografías cefálicas laterales digitales tomadas antes y después de concluido el tratamiento. Las inclinaciones de los incisivos superiores e inferiores así como las alteraciones del perfil facial fueron medidas mediante el Software de análisis cefalométrico Nemotec Dental. Para determinar los cambios en los tejidos duros y blandos se aplicó la prueba T-Student verificándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) para los dos sistemas en las variables: ángulo incisivo maxilar, mandibular, posición del labio inferior según el plano estético de Ricketts y el de Burstone. La correlación existente entre los cambios en la inclinación de los incisivos y la posición labial, se evaluó mediante el coeficiente de relación de Pearson encontrando para el sistema Damon una correlación entre la posición del incisivo superior y la del labio superior e inferior, la posición del incisivo inferior tuvo una correlación moderada con el labio inferior, con la técnica MBT se encontró una relación moderada entre la posición del incisivo superior y el labio inferior. Se concluyó que existen cambios postratamiento en la posición de los incisivos, así como protrusión labial inferior hallando relación entre la inclinación vestibular de los incisivos y el movimiento de los labios en ambas técnicas