Discourses on Modernization in the Employment Public Services: Towards a New Form of Governance?

The “crisis of the social issue” in the EU has led to a certain consensus in the need to renew the organizational and institutional model of public administration. The core of the reform implies important administrative changes in most of the European welfare states. Those changes are inspired on theories such as the new public management, management by objectives or partnership. Such changes involve both semantic (“sharing responsibilities”, “effective costs”, or the substitution of “citizen under an administration” by “consumer”) and political (predominance of scattered forms of power and the individualization of responsibilities) transformations which operate in the framework of individuals and State relations. The paradigms of activation and flexicurity have been central in this public administration modernization project. This commitment with new forms of governance of social issues has important consequences for the political and moral foundations of social cohesion, and the Spanish case is not an exception. This paper aims at looking at those representations of “modernization” (as they appear in debates about the employment services restructuring policies) in detail as well as providing references to the trajectory of such reforms of public services since the early eighties to the beginning of the crisis.

Dynamic analysis of employment trajectories through the concept of fl exicurity

The paper presents a dynamic study of the Spanish labour market which tries to determine if it matches the characteristics of transitional labour markets from a fl exicurity approach. Employment trajectories of Spanish workers during the years 2007-2010 are studied using the Continuous Sample of Working Lives. This period covers the end of the expansion of the Spanish economy and the beginning of the current employment crisis. From the combination of the chosen topic, the approach, and the database used, this is a novel perspective in our country. The article shows evidence of the evolution of the employment and unemployment spells, the Spanish labour market turnover degree, and the diffi culties of some groups for carrying out transition between employment and unemployment. The results obtained show a labour market in which a) transitions have come to a halt, and b) there is high job insecurity.

The training in social and solidarity economy. Analysis of the university offer in Spain

This research analyses the importance of the training for the promotion of the social economy in two ways: 1) focusing on the characteristics of the educational offer of Social Economy and 2) analyzing its differences regarding to those studies from the Management, entrepreneurship, and innovations areas. To this aim, it is carried out as a first step a literature review of the contributions that study the relationships that can exist between the education and Economy. Then, being based on this previous analysis, we already center our research on the Social Economy sector and its relations with the education system. To get this objective, it has been developed a database that includes all the postgraduate titles related to the Economics area. Likewise, a questionnaire has been designed with the aim of characterize the training in social Economy. As a conclusion, it is obtained that the training in social economy in postgraduate studies in the Spanish Universities is very poor. On the other hand, there are significant differences between Social Economy degrees and Business Management, entrepreneurship and innovation degrees with regard to different aspects such as: values to transmit, competencies, skills, the way of understanding the Economy, etc. Based on these conclusions, different recommendations are proposed in order to promote and boost this other way of doing Economy through the training and education in postgraduate studies.

Estudio sobre la eficacia del régimen fiscal cooperativo portugués

El ordenamiento jurídico portugués consagra un régimen fiscal especial para el sector cooperativo, basado, al igual que otros ordenamientos como el español o el italiano, en la protección de la mutualidad como forma de organización empresarial especialmente benéfica en el plano social. Para alcanzar ese objetivo, el régimen fiscal cooperativo debe ser selectivo, lo que significa que al legislador se le plantea el reto de establecer criterios para separar, dentro del marco cooperativo, lo que debe ser protegido de lo que no merece protección fiscal. El legislador portugués optó por un modelo basado en dos grupos de ramos cooperativos claramente diferenciados según los beneficios fiscales aplicables, ambos con amplias exenciones fiscales. El presente trabajo no se centra en el contenido de los beneficios aplicables sino en las condiciones que las cooperativas deben reunir para acogerse a esos regímenes fiscales favorables. Estos criterios son: i) una división entre operaciones con socios y operaciones con terceros; ii) una delimitación de las operaciones o actividades cooperativas según estén o no vinculadas con el “fin propio de la cooperativa”; y iii) una estructura prevalentemente mutualista del factor trabajo. Esta fórmula legal tiene su raíz en una legislación de 1929 y se ha mantenido hasta el día de hoy debido en parte a un fenómeno de inercia legislativa. El presente trabajo, basándose en la metodología de la sociología jurídica, asienta en una encuesta dirigida a 64 cooperativas, por la que se buscaba indagar hasta qué punto estos criterios (de acuerdo con los que se seleccionan las cooperativas que pueden acogerse a los regímenes fiscales favorables) cuadran con la realidad cooperativa actual. Como era de esperar, la vetustez del régimen hizo que se encontraran desajustes muy significativos, que reclaman una reforma urgente.

Cooperativism, entrepreneurship and economic development: a linking theoretical model

Cooperatives, as a kind of firms, are considered by many scholars as an remarkable alternative for overcoming the economic crisis started in 2008. Besides, there are other scholars which pointed out the important role that these firms play in the regional economic development. Nevertheless, when one examines the economic literature on cooperatives, it is detected that this kind of firms is mainly studied starting from the point of view of their own characteristics and particularities of participation and solidarity. In this sense, following a different analysis framework, this article proposes a theoretical model in order to explain the behavior of cooperatives based on the entrepreneurship theory with the aim of increasing the knowledge about this kind of firms and, more specifically, their contribution to regional economic development.

the social economy as an alternative of self employment. profile of the entrepreneur in the andalusian labour companies

This paper provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the profile of the entrepreneur who decides to start business through a labor society in the context of the Autonomous Community of Andalucia. Thus, first the Social Economy is presented as an important alternative to creating and promoting employment, which seeks to combine economic and social objectives in the development of activities. Subsequently, focusing on labor companies, updated its importance in the regional economy for later data and through the analysis of two samples are available, set the attributes or most significant characteristics of these entrepreneurs.

Social economy and economic crisis in the basque country abstract

This article examines the socio-economic evolution of the social economy sector in the Basque Country during the 2008-2014 period of economic crisis. Data have been obtained within a framework of collaboration between university, Basque Government and private sector of the social economy. The results suggest that such entities have evolved better, both in terms of number of enterprises and employment, than the general economy of the Basque Country, while the context of public policies aimed at social economy has worsened over the years. However, in economic terms (measured through the Gross Value Added generated), they have not been able to cope with the crisis in equal conditions to the general economy. The main contribution of this research lies in that, unlike similar studies, it discusses the evolution of the whole sector of the social economy, taking as reference a broad period of the current economic crisis.

The influence of gender in the direction of Spanish cooperative societies on profitability and indebtedness: an empirical analysis

In this paper the claim for the market for a new business management to ensure the presence of women in decision -making to respond to new social needs addressed. Thus, this paper analyzes the influence of gender diversity of the directors on the profitability and the level of debt for a sample of 5,199 Spanish cooperatives. Unlike capitalist societies, these organizations have a number of peculiarities in their government, and that the partners are themselves major time, agents and customers. The study focuses on the Spanish context, where there is an open debate on the importance of women's business management, as in other countries, driven by the proliferation of legislation on gender equality, being, in addition, Spain, the pioneer in having specific legislation on Social Economy. The results show that cooperatives with greater female representation in theirs Boards have higher profitability. On the other hand, those Boards with a higher percentage of women show a lower level of indebtedness.

Alternative financing instruments for Spanish cooperative

The search for funding is an ongoing task of the company, which is exacerbated, particularly in times of economic crisis, affecting also to the cooperatives. Cooperative legislation available to these entities various instruments of external financing through the issuance of securities (bonds, equity securities, special shares), to them accounts are added in participation, but without much detail in the legal texts. At work we investigate their potential, by looking, especially in those last; We seek to clarify their legal status and contrast their potential as a technical instrument, alternative for funding in the area of cooperative societies. Finally, we also see the impact of the recent Law 5/2015, of promoting business financing in the cooperative sector and ended up proposing some policy adjustments.

Latin American migration in the central area of Iquique: New fronts of residential location and unequal forms of access to housing

Historically the central area of the city of Iquique has been established as residential space migrants choosing from different backgrounds , however since the late 2000s migration flows are diversified being mostly Latin American immigrants who live in precarious conditions , accessing tugurizados properties , deteriorated in an increasingly growing informal market. The results presented here are derived from quantitative residential location of migrants , as well as the implementation of 13 in-depth interviews . From these results emerge that Latin American migrants access to the same places where once lived internal migrants, however they inhabit a restrictive market , uneven and inadequate living conditions lease, but allows them to articulate residence and proximity to industrial networks , social and popular trade.

Estudio de factibilidad para la creación de una Empresa Agroindustrial de maíz y comercialización de sus productos en la ciudad de Quito

Desde antes de la conquista el maíz era el principal producto alimenticio del hombre y de los animales en los pueblos americanos, el 15 de noviembre de 1492 dos mensajeros de Colón, al regresar de una exploración a Cuba, declararon haber visto "una clase de grano, que llaman maíz, de buen sabor cocinado, seco y en harina". El maíz se fue encontrando luego sucesivamente en toda América, desde Chile hasta Canadá. Aunque los conquistadores no llegaron a darse cuenta de ello, este grano dorado nativo de América era de mayor importancia para el mundo que todo el oro y la plata de México y el Perú. Actualmente no hay ningún país en el América Latina que no siembre maíz. En las tierras bajas del trópico se pueden producir varias cosechas al año; en otras regiones se da una, por lo general. El maíz constituye, con los frijoles, el alimento fundamental en los países americanos, en Estados Unidos lo llaman corn y se produce en escala gigantesca. Se estima que si la cosecha anual de dicho país se colocara en camiones de tamaño corriente, formarían una fila o procesión que daría la vuelta a la tierra cinco o seis veces. Las plantaciones de maíz cubren más de la décima parte de las tierras laborales de los E.U.A., los principales países productores son: China, la U.R.S.S., Brasil, México, Francia, Yugoslavia, Rumania, Italia, Rep. Sudáfrica y Argentina. El maíz pertenece a la familia de las gramíneas.

Proyecto de creación e implementación de un sistema de administración de talentos humanos en la Empresa Grupo Chova del Ecuador

En la actualidad n las organizaciones enfocan mayores recursos para obtener productividad y unos mejor recursos humanos quien desarrolla de manera eficiente y eficaz el trabajo, por tal razón, invierten en la administración del talento humano. Las competencias laborales, incorporadas en la gestión del talento humano, conforman un eje central del trabajo institucional, por ende son parte fundamental para el funcionamiento en las organizaciones. Las investigaciones e implementación de dicha administración de talento humano, realizadas en diversas regiones del mundo, nos dan como resultados un impacto positivo del enfoque de gestión para competencias y utilización de los subsistemas de talento humano para el manejo y desarrollo óptimo del personal en las organizaciones. En el presente estudio que se realizó, se puede detectar que no existe una adecuada administración de talento humano dentro de cada organización. Lo que impide una productividad eficiente y optimización de recursos.

Aspectos teóricos y prácticos de la interpretación de congresos de medicina

Los congresos de medicina se destacan actualmente como uno de los eventos multilingües que se celebran con más frecuencia en el panorama internacional. Recurrir a los servicios de interpretación se revela como un hecho habitual entre los organizadores de estos encuentros, especialmente en determinados ámbitos nacionales. Por consiguiente, los congresos de medicina brindan grandes posibilidades laborales a los intérpretes de conferencias, sobre todo a aquellos cuya combinación lingüística es inglés-español, dado que el inglés se define, sin lugar a dudas, como la lengua por excelencia de la comunicación médica. No obstante, a pesar de esta demanda creciente en nuestra sociedad actual, los planteamientos académicos y profesionales siguen siendo, en gran medida, teóricos e intuitivos, fruto de experiencias personales, carentes en la mayoría de los casos de un respaldo empírico. Para corroborar o descartar ciertas presuposiciones establecidas a priori por estudiosos de la interpretación especializada, como pueden ser el uso de determinadas fuentes documentales y métodos de preparación, la evaluación de determinados parámetros de calidad o el nivel de especialización del intérprete, nos servimos de unas medidas de valoración retrospectivas en intérpretes profesionales especializados en congresos de medicina para verificar nuestro objetivo fundamental: en qué medida se alejan las teorías establecidas de la práctica profesional.

SQyF Febrero 2012 - 2013 Gerencia de recursos humanos

Banco del conocimiento

Observatorio del mercado de trabajo: Comportamiento del mercado del trabajo en Bogotá. Tercer trimestre de 2007. N. 21. Diciembre de 2007

Gestión del conocimiento