Negativi di memoria. La rappresentazione del trauma nel romanzo del Novecento. Samuel Beckett, Georges Perec, Agota Kristof

Oggetto di questa tesi è l’analisi delle modalità di rappresentazione del trauma nel romanzo del Novecento e, in particolare, nelle opere di Samuel Beckett, Georges Perec e Agota Kristof. Fondamento dello studio sarà una disamina dei procedimenti linguistici e narrativi di rappresentazione del trauma nelle prose degli autori citati, al fine tracciare le linee di un’estetica in grado di descrivere le caratteristiche peculiari delle narrazioni in cui la dimensione antinarrativa della memoria traumatica assume il ruolo di principio estetico guida. L’analisi si soffermerà sulla cruciale relazione esistente, in tutti e tre gli autori, tra rappresentazione del trauma e sviluppo di strategie narrativi definibili come “denegative”. L’analisi dei testi letterari è condotta sulla base del corpus critico dei Trauma Studies, dell’ermeneutica della narrazione di stampo ricœuriano e della teoria del linguaggio psicoanalitica e affiancata, ove possibile, da uno studio filologico-genetico dei materiali d’autore. Alla luce di tali premesse, intendo rivalutare il carattere rappresentativo e testimoniale della letteratura del secolo scorso, in contrasto con la consuetudine a vedere nel romanzo novecentesco il trionfo dell’antimimesi e il declino del racconto. Dal momento che le narrazioni traumatiche si costruiscono intorno e attraverso i vuoti di linguaggio, la tesi è che siano proprio questi vuoti linguistici e narrativi (amnesie, acronie, afasie, lapsus, omissioni e mancanze ancora più sofisticate come nel caso di Perec) a rappresentare, in modo mimetico, la realtà apparentemente inaccessibile del trauma. Si tenterà di dimostrare come questi nuovi canoni di rappresentazione non denuncino l’impossibilità del racconto, bensì una sfida al silenzio, celata in più sottili e complesse convenzioni narrative, le quali mantengono un rapporto di filiazione indiretto − per una via che potremmo definire denegativa − con quelle del romanzo tradizionale.

New Application of Piezoelectric Ultrasounds in Maxillo-facial bone surgery

Background: Piezoelectric instrumentation seems to offer 3 important advantages for cutting bone structures. Be more precise because it is produced by micro-vibrations from the cutting insert. Be safer because the ultrasonic frequency used does not affect soft tissue. Thirdly, the less invasive cutting action produces minor tissue damage and consequently probably a better healing Aim of the Study: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of piezoelectric device capability in maxillo-facial surgery, in order to take advantage of these favourable capacity. Material and Methods: Considering the several potential application of the piezoelectric technology in Orthognathic, Oncologic and Extractive surgery, we would like to design protocols in order to verify how this new device can modify the surgical technique, the surgical time, the patients healing and its quality of life. Results: Due to the precise Piezosurgery cut, we can manage the Cad-Cam-Custom Made plates protocol in Oncologic Surgery and in Orthognatic Surgery increasing our percentage of comparison between the 3D preoperative plan and the surgical execution. We also found a better quality of life impaction in Patient who underwent and extractive surgery Conclusion: Piezosurgery device seems to be a strong surgical aid were safe and precise cut are needed and its capability to reduce the discomfort Patients need to be study in deep also in major surgery like Orthognatic and Oncologic surgery.

Trauma e Letteratura: tradurre l'11 settembre. "A First Kiss" di Darren Aronofsky e "Baby Lust" di Janice Eidus

Proposta di traduzione dei brani "A First Kiss" di Darren Aronofsky e "Baby Lust" di Janice Eidus, tratti dalla raccolta 110 Stories. New York Writes After September 11 a cura di Ulrich Baer.

The Trauma Towers: Dimensions of Trauma in 9/11 Literature

The topic of this dissertation is the aspects of trauma and reaction to the traumatic experience that can be found in 9/11 literature. The research engages in a comparative analysis of five books that can be categorised as 9/11 literature, which means that the events of 9/11 are central in the novels and are a recurrent theme. The books have been written by authors of different nationalities: "Extremely Loud & Incredibily Close" by J. S. Foer, "Falling Man" by D. DeLillo, "Windows on the World" by F. Beigbeder, "Saturday" by I. McEwan and "The Reluctant Fundamentalist" by M. Hamid. The characters have either experienced the attacks personally or their lives have been largely influenced by the event. In either case, the protagonist has been traumatised by the tragedy. Therefore, in this study two different fields are fused together – the field of comparative literature and that of trauma studies.

Interpretare per il Tribunale penale internazionale per il Ruanda. Il trauma vicario e le sue conseguenze sul lavoro degli interpreti.

This dissertation discusses the professional figure of interpreters working for the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). The objective is to investigate specific job-related stress factors, particularly the psychological consequences interpreters may have to face, the so-called vicarious trauma. People working for the ICTR are exposed to genocide victims’ violent and shocking testimonies, a situation that could have negative psychological impacts. Online interviews with some interpreters working for the ICTR were carried out in order to arrive at a more thorough understanding of this topic. The study is divided into four chapters. Chapter I outlines the historical aspects of the simultaneous interpreting service in the legal field at the International Military Tribunal, in the trials of the Nazi leaders, and then it analyses a modern international criminal jurisdiction, the ICTR. Chapter II firstly discusses the differences between conference interpreting and court interpreting and in the second part it investigates job-related stress factors for interpreters, focusing on the legal field. Chapter III contains a detailed analysis of vicarious trauma: the main goal is to understand what psychological consequences interpreters have to cope with as a result of translating abused people’s accounts. Chapter IV examines the answers given by ICTR interpreters to the online interviews. The data collected from the interview was compared with the literature survey and the information derived from their comparison was used to put forward some suggestions for studies to be carried out in the future.

Detection of chest trauma with whole-body low-dose linear slit digital radiography: a multireader study

The objective of our study was to compare the performance of low-dose linear slit digital radiography (DR) with computed radiography (CR) for the detection of trauma sequelae in the chest including rib fractures, pneumothorax, and lung contusion.

Occurrence and types of dental injuries among patients with maxillofacial fractures

The aim of this retrospective study was to clarify the occurrence and types of dental injuries in 389 patients who had been diagnosed with facial fractures, and to analyze whether the occurrence of dental injury correlates to gender, age, trauma mechanism and type of facial fracture. Dental injuries were observed in 62 patients (16%). The most common type of injury was a crown fracture (48%). Dental injuries were multiple in most patients (63%). Almost half (48%) of all injured teeth were severely injured. Most injured teeth (61%) were in the maxilla. The incisor region was the most prevalent site in both the mandible (45%) and the maxilla (56%). The occurrence of dental injury correlated significantly with trauma mechanism and fracture type: motor vehicle accidents and mandibular fracture were significant predictors for dental trauma. The notable rate of dental injury observed in the present study emphasizes the importance of a thorough examination of the oral cavity in all patients who have sustained facial fracture. Referral to a dental practice for further treatment and follow up as soon as possible after discharge from hospital is fundamental.

Do we really need 24-h observation for patients with minimal brain injury and small intracranial bleeding? The Bernese Trauma Unit Protocol

Traumatic brain injury is one of the most common reasons for admission to hospital emergency departments. However, optimal diagnosis and treatment protocols remain controversial. The aim of this study is to assess whether a specific group of patients can be discharged from the hospital without 24-h neurological observation.

Symptomatic plate removal after treatment of facial fractures

AIMS: To identify the rates and reasons for plate removal (PR) among patients treated for facial fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of files of 238 patients. RESULTS: Forty-eight patients (20.2%) had plates removed. The reason for removal was objective in 33.3% and subjective in 29.2%. The most common subjective reason was cold sensitivity, and the most common objective reason was wound dehiscence/infection. Women had PR for subjective reasons more often than men (p=0.018). Removal was performed more often for subjective reasons after zygomatico-orbital fractures than after mandibular fractures (p=0.002). Plates inserted in the mandible from an intraoral approach were removed more frequently than extraorally inserted mandibular plates, intraorally inserted maxillary plates, and extraorally inserted plates in other locations (p<0.001). Orbital rim plates had a higher risk of being removed than maxillary or frontal bone plates (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Subjective discomfort is a notable reason for PR among Finnish patients, suggesting that the cold climate has an influence on the need for removal. Patients receiving mandibular osteosynthesis with miniplates from an intraoral approach are at risk of hardware removal because of wound dehiscence/infection and loose/broken hardware, reminding us that more rigid fixation devices should not be forgotten despite the widespread use of miniplates.

Permanent teeth with horizontal root fractures after dental trauma. A retrospective study

The purpose of the present retrospective study was to evaluate the post-traumatic healing of the pulp and periodontium of 32 permanent teeth with horizontal root fractures. Twenty-nine patients, 8-48 years old, who presented at our department with a root fracture between January 2001 and April 2007, participated in the study. Root-fractured teeth with a loosened or dislocated coronal fragment were repositioned and splinted for 14-49 days (average: 34 days). In cases of severe dislocation of the coronal fragment, prophylactic endodontic treatment was performed. Follow-up examinations were conducted routinely after 1,2,3,6, and 12 months. For this study, follow-up took place for up to 7 years post trauma. Of 32 root-fractured teeth, 29 (91%) survived. 10 teeth (31%) exhibited pulpal healing; 13 teeth (41%) were prophylactically endodontically treated within 2 weeks of injury. At the fracture line, interposition of calcified tissue was evident in 6 teeth (19%), and interposition of granulation tissue was observed in 8 teeth (25%). The prognosis of the root-fractured teeth was good, and one-third of the teeth with root fractures possessed a vital pulp at the final examination.

Anatomically-Driven Soft-Tissue Simulation Strategy for Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery Using Facial Muscle Template Model

We propose a computationally efficient and biomechanically relevant soft-tissue simulation method for cranio-maxillofacial (CMF) surgery. A template-based facial muscle reconstruction was introduced to minimize the efforts on preparing a patient-specific model. A transversely isotropic mass-tensor model (MTM) was adopted to realize the effect of directional property of facial muscles in reasonable computation time. Additionally, sliding contact around teeth and mucosa was considered for more realistic simulation. Retrospective validation study with postoperative scan of a real patient showed that there were considerable improvements in simulation accuracy by incorporating template-based facial muscle anatomy and sliding contact.

Trauma-induced coagulopathy in severely injured patients: knowledge lost in translation?

Many guidelines exist on how to treat patients with multiple injuries correctly in an accident and emergency setting. The aim of the present work was to find out how well patients are treated focusing on trauma induced coagulopathy (TIC), and what anaesthetists involved in trauma care think about their own experiences with TIC.