Processo de trabalho em saúde: uma análise das condições de trabalho dos assistentes sociais no âmbito hospitalar

This paper presents the survey results: PROCEDURE FOR WORK IN HEALTH: an analysis of working conditions of social workers in hospitals. Analyzes the inclusion of social workers in work processes in healthcare, specifically in the public hospital, from the objective conditions of work, according to which materializes professional action. The aim is to understand them from the point of view of its relationship with users and other health professionals through the privatization of health, which prevents the Unified Health System (SUS), limiting the operation of the services and the guarantee of rights. The approach to the reality studied was through theoretical and methodological procedures based on the qualitative and quantitative research, focusing on documentary research, observation, semi-structured interview and the theoretical foundation. It is observed that the inclusion of social workers in this context arises from the demands derived from expressions of social issues, "raw material" of professional work, and the gaps resulting from contradictions in the process of rationalization / reorganization of the SUS, meaning that the needs the population are confronted with the content and form of organization of services. At the hospital, the professional actions are developed through the shift, space contradictory clash between the collective and individual, in which individual activities are prioritized and ad hoc unplanned and reduced to the solution of "problems" of users, through actions assistance in an emergency and bureaucratic. These findings emphasize the inadequacy of space and lack of minimum conditions of service to users, which undertakes the professional with regard to ethical and political principles of the profession, since it is the responsibility and duty of the social guarantee the secrecy and privacy of users what is revealed during the process of professional intervention. The professional social workers is permeated by the diversity of skills and competence; lack of planning activities, by incorporating the institutional discourse at the expense of professional goals, by knowing the Code of Professional Ethics, for small number of professionals, the increasing number informality; by poor working conditions and wages; by discouraging research and participation in social policy councils, as well as professional training

Instrumentalidade do serviço social na previdência social no Brasil contemporâneo

In the sociability of the capital, the challenges to the consolidation of social security as a public policy become expressive, which has implications for social security services, particularly for Social Works who works for the security and fulfillment of social rights. Therefore, in this context of denial of these rights becomes relevant the work of social worker, as a professional committed to the ethical-political project and the Matrix Theory and Methodology of Social work, which potentiate the action able to establish professional articulated strategies for the strengthening of collective struggles for equality in society. Thus, this study examines the instrumentality of social work in the contemporary world and its contribution to the realization of rights. For this, we conducted a literature review, using authors dealing with the issue, as Behring (2008), Boschetti (2003), Mota (1995), Guerra (2007) among others, as well as documentary research through laws, decrees, instructions Normative, Internal Guidelines, and especially the analysis of the Matrix itself of Social Work in welfare. We use also of paramount importance to our analysis - the field research, using techniques such as semi-structured interview and questionnaire. The research enables the identification of important aspects of the subject studied, as the understanding of professionals about the instrumentality of Social Works in its ethical-political aspects, both theoretical and methodological and technicaloperative. The demands made by the managers for the profession on the sociooccupational have extrapolated the powers and duties of the Law Regulating the Profession and the Matrix of Social Work in welfare. The subjects of this study emphasize the role of social category of the National Institute of Social Security and the Federal Council of Social Service in defense of Social Works. The knowledge of social and institutional framework is critical to building control strategies that strengthen social security and public policy, the guarantor of social rights for workers in Brazil

A Central Única dos Trabalhadores (CUT) no embate das contrarreformas da previdência social: contraposição ou consenso?

The provident rights were results of intense fights in between the capital and work, claiming the interventions of the state for the creation of an ample social protection system. In Brazil the law, Providence Social mark, dated 1923, from then on, the advances and extensions were many, of this diverse categories of politics. Mean while, in the 1990 s, the Brazilian government adopted the examples of other developed countries, the new pattern that hinted the realization of substantial changes on the states purpose, the reached rights and the proper organization of working classes. For the Social Providence, the principal loses turned out in 1998 and 2003; respectively in FHC governments and Lula, with the realization of two counter reforms that restricted the provident rights and motivated the privatization of public providence. In the scenery, the CUT, one of the representative organizations from working classes, founded in 1983, that has always itself with changed direction, from fighting to negotiating. This inflection determined the proposition of the center before the offers of the counter reforms, of Social Providence. The present work has the objective to analyze the social politic content of the fights from Brazilian union movement in the period of the conquests and disassembled rights and, to analyze the proposition, acting and offers from CUT in the counter reform period from Providence in the Government FHC and Lula. To perform this study beyond the essential bibliographical revision to found and deepen the subject, we use, the documental search through the internet pages, resolutions, informations and others publications from CUT. Using CUT in the governments worked in an elegant way, the FHC government against-reforms, showed itself through diverse actions, even though they didn t have homogeneous inside, contrary the neoliberalists politicians from this government, also the offers and precaution changers. While during the reign of Lula it shoved itself priority negociative and propositive

As condições de trabalho na área de saúde e o processo de adoecimento da (o) assistente social

The requirements in the world of work in the contemporary impact on quality of life, health workers in their relations with users and other professionals of the healthcare team. Given this reality, this study discusses the working conditions in health and disease process of (a) having social goals as analyze the implications of working conditions in the disease (the) social workers in state hospitals Metropolitan Region Christmas (NMR); identify the main diseases affecting social workers in hospitals in the SESAP NMR and reveal the relationship between the disease processes of social and working conditions in hospitals in the state NMR. The research was guiding questions to reveal how to configure the work, conditions of work and of the disease process (the) social worker. To grasp the socioeconomic profile of (the) social workers, the characterization of the work, duties and responsibilities in the sociooccupational, factors that interfere with the disease process of (the) social workers of RMN, and actions and investments Policy on Occupational Health RN correlating to illness today is that we set for the unveiling of the movement of the object of study through the methodological approach with documentary research aimed at literature review; extensive direct observation correlated to real life observation and application of 66 (sixty-six) questionnaires. The data from the closed questions were treated using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The open questions were transcribed and then analyzed the light of theoretical work on the subject. The research reveals that social workers are subject to conditions and labor relations precarious illness causing health problems because some of these professionals, among them are: stress, allergies and skin conditions or, Read / WMSD among other diseases. Thus, we understand the need for debates about the relationship work (the) social worker and worker health before the contradictions of capital also present in public health services

Avaliação do risco ocupacional de trabalhadores expostos a agrotóxicos no município de Touros/Rio grande do Norte

The use of pesticides is being used intensively with severe consequences for exposed farmers. This study aimed to describe the socioeconomic and health profiles of 60 farmers in the city of Touros / RN through the questionnaire recommended by: (International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens (ICPEMC). The analysis of these data allowed to prove the importance of knowledge about the socioeconomic and health profile of rural farmers as a way to understand the reality of this population, that is vulnerable to exposure due to the lack of knowledge and conditions. Aiming to analyze the frequency of micronucleus (MN) and other nuclear abnormalities in oral mucosa cells of 54 farmers that work in the city of Touros / RN it was applied the micronucleus test (MN) in oral mucosa. Our results showed an increased frequency of MN and other nuclear abnormalities related to the exposure and effects of pesticides on health. Based on the results, it is clear that farmers are using pesticide in the wrong way and compromising their health. A Cordel has been developed as a method to taking the results to the people affected by the pesticides. Therefore this study alerts to the need for profound changes in the social, cultural and health context to reduce health risks for both people and for the environment

A mineração artesanal e de pequena escala em pegmatitos e cerâmica no município de Parelhas, região do Seridó/Rio Grande do Norte

The working conditions, occupational health, occupational illness and workers quality of life, usually referring to the artisanal activities and the workers with a poor professional support. Because this reality is still present in locals without good infrastructure of social and economic attention, there is a need for a broad knowledge of problems related to the productive processes that include features of unsanitary and unhealthy. Despite the intense process of industrialization promoted by globalization and the growth of developing nations like Brazil, the activities of artisanal and small-scale mining are still suffering from the marginalization of their production processes and their workers. This dissertation deals with the description of mineral-based activities (MBA), especially the activities related to production processes of extraction and processing of red pottery and minerals in pegmatites in Parelhas city, Seridó, Rio Grande do Norte, which are conducted by small mining companies or artisanal miners. The study of the work process was based on direct observation, photographic documentation, ergonomics, health and occupational safety analysis, interviews and structured questionnaire with workers of the two activities. The results indicate the need for improvement in both workplaces (red pottery and pegmatites), adaptation of workers to safety standards specific to the workplace, more attention and care related to ergonomics and occupational safety, greater importance to economic and social relations among performed activities, workers and firms of mineral branch and better and greater integration of social policies, supported by different sectors of society with the intention of transforming the current social, cultural, labor and education situation

Análise das condições de saúde e de vida da população urbana de Botucatu, SP (Brasil): III - Conhecimentos e opiniões dos profissionais de saúde a respeito de sintomas de doenças, 1984

Foram estudados os conhecimentos e opiniões dos profissionais de saúde do Município de Botucatu, SP (Brasil), acerca da freqüência e gravidade de treze sintomas e sinais de doenças, visando à comparação com as opiniões emitidas pela população urbana do Município. Foram entrevistados 435 profissionais de saúde ativos (médicos, enfermeiros, auxiliares e atendentes de enfermagem e outros), a maioria do sexo feminino, com idade de 25 a 44 anos. A categoria de atendentes foi a mais numerosa. de modo geral, os cinco últimos sintomas da relação constante do formulário - sangue no escarro, sangramento vaginal, caroço no seio, acessos e sangue na urina, foram considerados menos freqüentes e mais graves, comparativamente aos oito primeiros: falta de ar, febre, fraqueza, dor nas costas, dor no peito, dor de cabeça, tosse e diarréia. Dentre as categorias, os médicos diferenciaram-se atribuindo, com menor freqüência, escores altos para a freqüência e gravidade. Os clínicos valorizaram mais do que os cirurgiões, esses dois fatores, para quase todos os sintomas. O cotejo com a opinião dos leigos entrevistados revelou semelhanças nas tendências, embora tenha havido, por parte destes, maior valorização da freqüência e gravidade.

Desigualdade de indicadores de mortalidade no Sudeste do Brasil

INTRODUÇÃO: Há indícios de que a deterioração das condições de trabalho ocorrida em anos recentes influencie a mortalidade. O objetivo do estudo é estimar indicadores de mortalidade para a população de Botucatu, classificada de acordo com as ocupações exercidas. MÉTODO: Foram calculados os indicadores coeficiente de mortalidade padronizado (CMP), razão de risco padronizada e anos potenciais de vida perdidos (APVP) para a população de Botucatu, em 1997, segundo ocupações e causas básicas do óbito. RESULTADOS: Os indicadores CMP e APVP variaram entre 0,6 e 39,9 óbitos/1000 trabalhadores e entre 33 e 334 anos/1000 trabalhadores, respectivamente, de acordo com a ocupação principal exercida. Observou-se que a ordenação quantitativa das causas de óbito depende da ocupação e do indicador utilizado. CONCLUSÕES: Os indicadores de mortalidade verificados apresentam uma grande heterogeneidade quando analisados de acordo com ocupação e causas básicas de óbito, refletindo a enorme desigualdade social existente na população estudada.

Desigualdade da sobrevivência de trabalhadores de Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fatores associados à vacinação contra influenza em idosos em município do Sudeste do Brasil

OBJETIVO: Mesmo gratuita e disponível no Brasil desde 1999, a cobertura vacinal contra a influenza ainda é inadequada em diversos municípios do País. O objetivo da pesquisa foi estimar a cobertura vacinal e identificar fatores relacionados à vacinação contra a influenza em idosos. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se inquérito domiciliar em amostra aleatória sistemática (N=365) da população urbana maior de 60 anos em Botucatu, São Paulo. Foi aplicado modelo de regressão logística múltipla, cuja variável dependente foi ter sido vacinado em 2002. Foram testadas no modelo as covariáveis: sexo, idade, socioeconômicas (renda per capita, número de pessoas por cômodo, escolaridade, estado civil, ocupação, tempo de moradia), antecedentes mórbidos, de internação, hábito de fumar, sintomas respiratórios nos últimos 15 dias e atividades comunitárias (trabalho voluntário, atividades no bairro, igreja). RESULTADOS: Registrou-se cobertura vacinal de 63,2% (IC 95%: 58,3-68,2). Foi observado menor percentual de vacinados entre os idosos na faixa etária de 60 a 64 anos. As variáveis que se mostraram associadas à vacinação e permaneceram no modelo final foram: idade (OR=1,09 por ano; IC 95%: 1,06-1,13); hipertensão arterial (OR=1,92; IC 95%: 1,18-3,13); inserção em atividades na comunidade (OR=1,63; IC 95%: 1,01-2,65). A vacinação em portadores de doenças crônicas não atingiu níveis adequados conforme esperado para este grupo de risco, com exceção dos hipertensos. A participação em atividades comunitárias e sociais foi relacionada com o estado vacinal. CONCLUSÕES: Condições socioeconômicas, hábitos e idade não restringiram o acesso à campanha vacinal. Por outro lado, campanhas específicas, endereçadas a indivíduos da faixa de 60 a 64 anos, podem ampliar a cobertura da vacinação.

Estudo das condições sanitárias das águas de piscinas públicas e particulares, na cidade de Araraquara, SP, Brasil

Levando-se em consideração que a natação é um exercício excelente para a saúde e tem sido um esporte preferido por pessoas de várias idades de ambos os sexos; e que a massa líquida, contida em tanques, pode veicular doenças, procurou-se estudar as condições sanitárias de algumas piscinas públicas e particulares da Cidade de Araraquara, SP (Brasil). em 36 tomadas de amostras de águas de piscinas públicas e 22 de piscinas particulares, constatou-se que, embora recebendo tratamento específico, elas não mantêm os níveis de cloro suficiente para impedir a proliferação de bactérias, algumas das quais perigosas para a saúde dos freqüentadores. Verificou-se que os níveis de cloretos estavam altos, indicando contaminação das águas por urina ou mesmo suor do corpo, e concluiu-se que o banhista deveria receber instruções a respeito.

Análise das condições de saúde e de vida da população urbana de Botucatu, SP (Brasil): II - Conhecimentos e opiniões da população sobre sintomas de doenças, 1983

Com objetivo de verificar o grau de informação da população urbana de Botucatu sobre questões de saúde, foram pesquisados conhecimentos e opiniões a respeito da freqüência e gravidade de treze sintomas e sinais de doenças, em 1.005 famílias amostradas. As respostas foram analisadas segundo idade, sexo, escolaridade e estrato sócio-econômico e mostraram tendência compatível com os conhecimentos da medicina científica. Na comparação dos sexos, por idade, as mulheres (adultas jovens) valorizaram mais do que os homens a freqüência e a gravidade da maioria dos sintomas. Os escores altos conferidos para a gravidade tenderam a diminuir com o aumento da escolaridade para todos os sintomas. Houve variações, entre os sintomas, na valorização da freqüência, de acordo com os estratos sócio-econômicos, com tendência à diminuição dos escores altos para gravidade, com o aumento do nível sócio-econômico. O grau de informação encontrado na população contraria o preconceito ainda existente na área médica, a respeito do conhecimento dos leigos. Foi levantada a hipótese de que a amostra estudada teve acesso a múltiplas fontes de informação, entre as quais a extensa rede local de serviços médicos.

Análise das condições de saúde e de vida da população urbana de Botucatu, São Paulo (Brasil): IV - Morbidade referida em entrevistas domiciliárias, 1983-1984

Objetivou-se estudar a morbidade referida pela população urbana amostrada, no Município de Botucatu, SP, Brasil, em 1983/84, segundo sexo, idade, escolaridade e renda per capita. O método consistiu em entrevistas domiciliárias, com aplicação de dois formulários pré-codificados. Os entrevistadores eram leigos treinados e supervisionados, e a pessoa entrevistada foi quase sempre a mãe de família. O período recordatório estabelecido em relação aos eventos informados (queixas, sintomas, acidentes comuns e diagnósticos) foi de três semanas. Das 7.075 pessoas amostradas (12% da população), 56% apresentaram episódios mórbidos, totalizando 6.649 episódios. As mulheres, bem como o grupo etário de 50 e mais anos apresentaram maior freqüência de queixas. A escolaridade e a renda per capita não diferenciaram os entrevistados quanto à ocorrência maior ou menor de episódios. A prevalência de episódios mórbidos foi de 939/1.000 entrevistados. Predominaram queixas do aparelho respiratório (20% do total de queixas), principalmente as infecções respiratórias agudas. em segundo lugar, os sinais e sintomas mal definidos (19%) e, a seguir, as doenças do sistema osteo-muscular, do sistema nervoso e do sistema circulatório, com proporções similares (ao redor de 9%) e, finalmente, as do sistema digestivo e as lesões e envenenamentos (ao redor de 8%). Foram estimados os coeficientes de prevalência por grupos de doença (pela CID), segundo as variáveis estudadas. São comentadas as dificuldades de comparação dos resultados obtidos com os de trabalhos congêneres, face às diferenças nos métodos usados, apontando-se para a necessidade de uma padronização metodológica dos estudos de morbidade referida, cuja importância epidemiológica e para o planejamento em saúde vem sendo amplamente reconhecida.

Federalismo e relações intergovernamentais no Brasil: a reforma de programas sociais

The article analyses the process of reform in four areas of social policies that affect directly the interests of sub-national governments: basic education, social housing programs, basic sanitation and health. As the study reveals, despite the varying degree of success achieved in the various policy initiatives and contrary to the expectations of the prevailing interpretations of the nature of Brazilian federalism, the federal government faced no insurmountable hurdles in implementing their reform agenda. The study aims at demonstrating that (i) in the absence of any constitutional mandatory requirement, the political autonomy of local governments - typical of federative States - actually enhances the veto power of local governments over policy initiatives proposed by the federal Executive branch. However, (ii) power resources available to the federal Executive branch - such as agenda definition and vetoing powers - in addition to control over resources that are essential to the political survival of the representatives increase the chances of success-of the federal government. Furthermore, (1999), (iii) the constitutional authority of Brazilian states is far more limited than that of the North-American states; (iv) the category federalism, however, is not sufficient to define the potential stability of specific policies, which depends upon how inter-governmental relations are structured in each particular policy. Specifically, (v) constitutional rules, legacies from previous policies and the political cycle frame the decision arenas in various ways, thus conditioning both the strategies and chances of success of the federative players.

Propriedades físicas e infiltração de água de um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo (Oxisol) do noroeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, sob três condições de uso e manejo

This study presents the results obtained in a field experiment carried out at Glicério, Northwest of São Paulo state, Brazil, whose objective was to analyze changes of selected soil physical properties and water infiltration rates on a Yellow-Red Latosol, under three different management conditions. The experimental design was arranged as completely randomized split-block with twelve treatments, which corresponded to four depths (0-0.05 m; 0.05-0.10 m; 0.10-0.20 m and 0.20-0.40 m) and three conditions of soil use and management with four replications. The soil surface conditions were: conventional tillage (one disking with moulboard plus two levelling passes with harrow), nine months before starting filed experiences; recent conventional tillage (also one disking with moulboard plus two levelling passes with harrow) and native forest. The conventional tillage areas were cropped for about fifteen years with annual cultures. The considered soil general physical properties were: macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, bulk density, soil moisture and penetration resistance and, in addition; soil water infiltration rates were also recorded. According to our results, differences on general soil physical properties and infiltration rates appeared when both tilled sub-treatments and native forest were compared. Both, plots recently prepared by conventional tillage and those prepared by tillage but left nine months in rest, presented a statistically significant decrease of constant (final) water infiltration rates of 92.72% and 91.91% when compared with native forest plots.