Institutions de microfinance et prêteurs informels de l’agriculture familiale en Côte d’ivoire : de la cohabitation à la fusion

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Microcrédito emancipatório no nordeste do Brasil? : estudo de caso do Crediamigo Comunidade nos municípios de Caucaia-Ce e Maranguape-Ce

This piece of work consists in a study case of Crediamigo Comunidade, a product from the portfolio of Crediamigo Program of Banco do Nordeste, that uses the methodology of the Comunitary Banks in the concession of low amount loan to poor communities. The main question consists to understand how the Crediamigo Comunidade is characterized faced to the conflict of emancipatory versus liberal paradigms, that exists in the microcredit area. The main objective will analyze how the mechanisms: social capital, empowerment, formation to credit education and better conditions for economic and social issues promoted in the specific objectives of this product, before the dipute between these paradigms. The method adopted analyzed, in a longitudinal perspective, the three years of the product s existence (jun/2005 to jul 2008). Primary and secondary data made possible to identify qualitatively, emancipatory and non emancipatory attributes in the actions and results of Crediamigo Comunidade. It is concluded that the Crediamigo Comunidade works in a liberal logic of the Crediamigo Program, consequently, his focus is not in the emancipation of the poorest clients. The empowerment is individual and not communitary or Freiriano ; the social capital relations enlarges itself in its bounding and bridging ties, but not in its linkage ties, to have access to politic actors and consequently communitary strengthen. All the formation in the Crediamigo is strictly commercial. These characteristics happen by the liberal paradigm in the Crediamigo management and of all of its products, including the Crediamigo Comunidade

'Producing the Scene': the Evolution of the Director in British Theatre 1900-50

The role of the director as the individual who harnesses and controls resources to shape the theatrical product to a personal artistic vision, begins to emerge in British theatre in the early years of the twentieth century. What distinguishes the role from that of the actor-manager who had led the profession since the seventeenth century, is that it separates off from the leading actor in performance. The power and authority of the director (or producer as he or she tended to be known initially) is exercised in the pre-performance stage. In the first half of the century there were still old-style actor-managers—Donald Wolfit is a prime example—and many of the new directors had begun their careers as actors and some continued to act their in their own productions. But the perception of the function of the director began to change radically. In part this was linked to the early attempts to create a new model of producing company or ‘repertory’ theatre which required a different set of administrative as well as artistic skills to tackle the challenge of a short-run system of multiple play production. This became especially important in the developing network of regional repertory theatres which were established as autonomous, locally-specific institutions predicated on policies opposed to the dominant commercial ethos. The best-known of the early directors, most notably H.Granville Barker, confined their radical experiments to short-lived metropolitan experiments, or, as in the case of Terence Gray and J.B.Fagan, operated within the influential Oxbridge nexus. Others such as H.K.Ayliff, Herbert Prentice, William Armstrong and William Bridges-Adams remain comparatively obscure because of their long-term ‘provincial’ connections or, as in the case of Nugent Monck and Edy Craig because their creativity was largely channelled through amateur actors. This chapter will explore the evolving role of the director as both a necessary functionary and an artistic innovator within the changing structures of British theatre.

The economic crisis as a game changer? Exploring the role of social construction in sustainability transitions

Continuing economic turbulence has fuelled debates about social and political reform as much as it has stimulated actions and initiatives aimed at a more fundamental transition of dominant economic systems. This paper takes a transition perspective to explore, from a Western European viewpoint, how the economic crisis is actually viewed through a variety of interpretations and responded to through a range of practices. We argue that framing societal phenomena such as the economic crisis as "symptoms of transition" through alternative narratives and actions can give rise to the potential for (seemingly) short-term pressures to become game changers. Game changers are then defined as the combination of: specific events, the subsequent or parallel framing of events in systemic terms by engaged societal actors, and (eventually) the emergence of (diverse) alternative narratives and practices (in response to the systemic framing of events). Game changers, when understood in these terms, help to orient, legitimize, guide, and accelerate deep changes in society. We conclude that such dynamics in which game changers gain momentum might also come to play a critical role in transitions. Therefore, we argue for developing a better understanding of and methodologies to further study the coevolutionary dynamics associated with game changers, as well as exploring the implications for governance.

The Meanings of New Money: Social Constructions of Value in the Rise of Digital Currencies

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-07

Les paysages sous-marins du Québec : le cas de la découverte, de la mise en valeur et de la reconnaissance du jardin des Escoumins

Cette recherche exploratoire examine le concept émergent de « paysage sous-marin » présenté sous la forme d’une étude cas — celui du jardin des Escoumins — situé dans le parc marin du Saguenay – Saint-Laurent, au Québec. On constate, depuis les dernières décennies, deux complications qui s’interposent au concept de paysage sous-marin puisque d’une part on examine un divorce entre les Québécois et le fleuve Saint-Laurent puis d’une autre on observe l’omission fréquente de sa reconnaissance dans la littérature géographique. En somme, deux questions de recherche en découlent, soit : Quels sont les procédés employés pendant le XXe et XXIe siècle dans la construction des paysages sous-marins au Québec ? et : Quel est le rôle des différents acteurs, et plus précisément celui des plongeurs, dans la mise en valeur et la reconnaissance du paysage sous-marin des Escoumins ? La recherche a été accomplie à travers une revue extensive de la littérature régionale et mondiale portant sur ce concept atypique. Par la suite, une enquête de 35 questions soumises à un échantillon de 73 plongeurs québécois a été analysée, ainsi que sept entrevues semi-dirigées avec des acteurs clefs du domaine. Puis, l’étude et la cartographie des relations spatiales entre les plongeurs et les lieux de prédilection de leur activité ont été réalisés. Les résultats démontrent des interrelations complexes entre les caractéristiques de construction de ces paysages sublimes (le territoire, la nordicité, la pratique d’une activité de loisir, la technologie, l’esthétisme ainsi que l’essor économique et touristique) et les acteurs clefs. Comme la « découverte » des paysages alpins au XVIIIe siècle en Europe, la lente mise en valeur des paysages sous-marins au Québec est causée par la marginalité des lieux. Ainsi, la reconnaissance des paysages subaquatiques est en pleine effervescence au Québec et l’intégration de ce concept en aménagement et en planification touristiques devient capitale.

Tackling trafficking in human beings in a security integrated Europe: addressing the challenges using trafficking schematics

This paper aims to conceptualise trafficking in human beings (THB) as an organised crime by drawing on the rational choice theory. Utilising crime scripting principles, it proposes trafficking schematics to capture and visualise THB in its entirety. Stemming from its transnational nature and varying conceptualisations, combatting THB faces challenges, such as the lack of harmonisation of policy instruments and differing stakeholder agendas. To mitigate these challenges, this paper proposes trafficking schematics. Their core lies in the modelling of THB constituent elements, including stages and their sequence, key actors and relationships, and financial modus operandi. Trafficking schematics may therefore contribute to addressing THB in a holistic, dynamic and integrated way, by enriching stakeholders’ understanding of the phenomenon and facilitating collaboration to address it. The paper contributes to theory and practice by drawing up a model of the procedural, human, logistical and environmental elements of THB that may be viewed as an instrument of public value creation.

Oceans of energy? The non-linear trajectory of the emerging wave energy technology

This paper addresses the construction and structuring of a technological niche – i.e. a protected space where promising but still underperforming technologies are stabilized and articulated with societal needs – and discusses the processes that influence niche development and may enable niche breakout. In theoretical terms the paper is grounded on the multi-level approach to sustainability transitions, and particularly on the niche literature. But it also attempts to address the limitations of this literature in what concerns the spatial dimension of niche development. It is argued that technological niches can transcend the narrow territorial boundaries to which they are often confined, and encompass communities and actions that span several spatial levels, without losing some territorial embeddedness. It is further proposed that these features shape the niche trajectory and, therefore, need to be explicitly considered by the niche theoretical framework. To address this problem the paper builds on and extends the socio-cognitive perspective to technology development, introducing a further dimension – space – which broadens the concept of technological niche and permits to better capture the complexity of niche behaviour. This extended framework is applied to the case of an emerging renewable energy technology – wave energy - which exhibits a particularly slow and non-linear development trajectory. The empirical analysis starts by examining how an “overall niche space” in wave energy was spatially constructed over time. Then it investigates in greater detail the niche development processes that took place in Portugal, a country that was among the pioneers in the field, and whose actors have been, from very early stages, engaged in the activities conducted at various spatial levels. Through this combined analysis, the paper seeks to understand whether and how niche development is shaped by processes taking place at different spatial levels. More specifically it investigates the interplay between territorial and relational elements in niche development, and how these different dynamics influence the performance of the niche processes and impact on the overall niche trajectory. The results confirm the niche multi-spatial dynamics, showing that it is shaped by the interplay between a niche relational space constructed by actors’ actions and interactions on/across levels, and the territorial effects introduced by these actors’ embeddedness in particular geographical and institutional settings. They contribute to a more precise understanding of the processes that can accelerate or slow down the trajectory of a technological niche. In addition, the results shed some light into the niche activities conducted in/originating from a specific territorial setting - Portugal - offering some insights into the behaviour of key actors and its implications for the positioning of the country in the emerging field, which can be relevant for the formulation of strategies and policies for this area.

O tema no processo criativo da Asmarias Companhia de Teatro

Seted in the context of the educational actions of Casa Renascer, a non-governmental organization, located in Natal city, which had as its primary purpose the care with children and adolescent girls in vulnerable situations, this research is based on describing and analysis on the topic in the creative process developed by Asmarias Theatre Company from 1993 to 2003, a process that culminated in the assembly of the dramatic text, Mateus e Mateusa, of Qorpo-Santo. In this research is focused on the route of the Theatre Company has done so much theater in its early history (1993), with the practice of reading and dramatic writing in the preparation of didactic material called Primer of Inventions, as in the procedures with theater street and forum theater (1997 to 2000) to the reunion in 2001 of seven teenagers which articulated the last group formation next to the assembly's text Qorpo-Santo (2002- 2003). During the development on this learning, the evolution of the creative process based on institutional theme when asked if one can provide moments of educational experiences through the traditional form of theater, with reference to the issues inherent in the dramatic texts considered classics. The debate on the issue through research and analysis in its descriptions and finds in the interim between his past and present indications that lead to conclusive guises. The methodology, which is guided by research, is based in theatrical archeology (PAVIS, 2005), the evidential paradigm (GINZBURG, 1989) and the second approaches the experiences narrated by Benjamin (1985). We selected documents in formats of written texts, photographic and filmed, and identified in these files, marks and tracks which took us to understand the subject in the creative process of Asmarias Theatre Company during the tests with the dramatic text, Mateus and Mateusa, of Qorpo-Santo. In this theatrical practice, located in the field of the theater pedagogy, it appears that the actions across thematic theater in the Casa Renascer and allowed the formation of critical aesthetic perspective and personal social dimension of the subjects involved. The theme has gained a significant proportion in the theatrical activity as a guiding point of the creative process of Theatre Company, taking in the theatrical art form. In this sense, the creative process with the dramatic and classic texts won the educational dimension to address the issue in the movement of the drama as the focus of individual creation which added to the collective universe of the interactive game

O processo de organização social do Grupo Herança Viva de Chapecó-SC e suas estratégias de ação conjunta

The consequences resulting from economic modernization model generated social and environmental imbalances, resulting in the exclusion and social isolation, perceived consequences in the agricultural sector. When studying social organizations, tends to see how they keep their forward cooperation processes all a company incorporated by the appreciation of individualism and competition. The overall objective for this research was to analyze the organizational dynamics of Agroecology Group Heritage Viva Chapecó, Santa Catarina, in order to identify the strengths and threats and collaborate in this way for preparation of action strategies for sustainability. The selected group is based on the principles of agroecology for the conduct of their agricultural production systems, avoiding the use of agrochemicals, proven through the use of participatory certification seal Ecovida Network, and the products sold mainly in street fairs in the city of chapecó. To fulfill such a proposal were consulted the minutes of meetings and questionnaires with farmers to assess the dynamics of cooperation among its members, through the understanding of their social capital and social network analysis (SNA). To extend the study of the group and its members was adopted methodological approach of action research where activities were developed to identify strengths and weaknesses and contribute to its organizational restructuring, resulting in the construction, carried out by farmers, the guiding principles of the Living Heritage Group will contribute to the decision-making and strengthen their identity. The survey also brought the group is inserted in the Social Transition Agroecology therefore change the current paradigm is not inserted only in the alternative model of production, but in the form of organization of social actors and their role in the marketing process of their products, in discussing the scenario of food supply chains.

Da imagem poética ao diálogo interartístico

Na poesia de Luiza Neto Jorge existe uma verdadeira poética do olhar, uma espécie de poder de encantação que permite o estabelecimento de nexos de continuidade com as artes visuais. Partindo desta premissa de base surrealista, pretende-se relacionar a poesia de Luiza Neto Jorge com a pintura, o cinema, a música, o teatro, a arquitetura e a escultura Nos ensaios poéticos do século XX, na criação do poema como matéria verbal, o papel da imagem passa a ser o de apresentar e não mais o de representar. Com base na definição de André Breton, a imagem contraria o conceito harmonioso de beleza tradicional, acasalando realidades contraditórias e adquirindo um caráter delirante, fantástico e até diabólico.

CONSTRUCCIÓN DE ESPACIOS DE INFORMACIÓN PARA GARANTIZAR EL ACCESO AL CONOCIMIENTO EN LAS POBLACIONES INDÍGENAS: EL CASO DE COSTA RICA

Esta ponencia se basa en el proyecto CENTRO DE CONOCIMIENTO PARA GRUPOS INDÍGENAS CENTROAMERICANOS (GEIC), coordinado por la Escuela de Bibliotecología, Documentación e Información (EBDI) de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, (UNA), su objetivo es “proponer la construcción de espacios de información para la población indígena, a partir del proyecto CENTRO DE CONOCIMIENTO PARA GRUPOS INDÍGENAS CENTROAMERICANOS y con esta ponencia se pretende presentar las lecciones aprendidas durante 2003-2007, años de recolección y análisis de datos, de establecimiento de relaciones, de coordinar actividades y ejecutar acciones tendientes a garantizar el cumplimiento al derecho de acceso a la información de las poblaciones indígenas costarricenses.El objetivo de GEIC fue crear un Centro de Conocimiento sobre/de Grupos Étnicos Indígenas Centroamericanos que sirviera de eje central para la consolidación del desarrollo de procesos tendientes a fortalecer la temática y el desarrollo de los grupos étnicos indígenas centroamericanos.El proyecto inició en el 2003, pero al no contar con personal permanente, se interrumpe su proceso hasta enero de 2004, con el desarrollo de la primera etapa, que comprende implementar cinco objetivos en Costa Rica. En posteriores etapas se espera integrar a los demás países centroamericanos.La población indígena costarricense corresponde a 63,876 personas, representando el 1.6% de la población nacional; existen ocho grupos socioculturales indígenas distintos, Cabécares, Bribris, Ngäbe, Térrabas, Borucas, Huetares, Malekus y Chorotegas, habitan en 24 territorios y hablan en 6 idiomas indígenas. A ellos se deben sumar poblaciones indígenas migratorias como los Miskitos de Nicaragua y Ngäbes de Panamá que trabajan en la producción agrícola en distintas zonas del país. El Proyecto GEIC, buscó la ejecución de la propuesta de creación de una unidad de información especializada en asuntos indígenas, en Shiroles Talamanca, para esto se realizó una investigación diagnóstica en la zona, determinando los recursos disponibles: tecnológicos, humanos, económicos y educacionales. En la actualidad se está gestionando y buscando financiamiento en instituciones locales, nacionales, e internacionales para cubrir los costos, aspecto que resulta un poco difícil por la falta de valoración de la importancia de la información en las comunidades indígenas.Otra actividad paralela a ésta es la construcción de un portal disponible en la dirección: http://www.una.ac.cr/bibliotecología/proyectogeic, y que fue avalado por las comunidades indígenas, con la participación de los y las protagonistas. En esa oportunidad se les explicó cada sección del mismo y se les solicitó sus observaciones y comentarios al respecto para involucrarlos(as) y se sintieran apropiados(as) de la misma.

Hauntings

The thesis paper is about the process of creating and directing Hauntings, a dance theater work, performed in the 2016 MFA Spring Thesis Concert. The concert was shared with Curtis Stedge, fellow cohort and MFA candidate in the Department of Theater, Dance and Performance Studies at the University of Maryland, College Park. This document is meant to accompany the archival footage of the dance. Hauntings is a moving lyric poem depicting themes and motifs of the emotional landscape of its characters. It is a time-less world rendering the complexities of the psyche and soul. Love, obsession, loss, and nostalgia emerge as Smith and her fellow artists represent characters struggling with impermanence and mortality. The work is seeped in symbolism and metaphor. The dances/scenes draw inspiration from the music of Chopin, Liszt, Stravinsky, Charles Trenet, Rina Ketty, and poetry by John Keats, Sylvia Plath, Ted Hughes, W.B Yeats, and Claire Clemons Cowan.

O efeito da reprovação na motivação dos alunos

O mundo mudou muito e o modelo escolar existente, que vem desde o século XVIII, manifesta dificuldades de adaptação ao novo mundo. As dificuldades de ensino e aprendizagem também são muito mais vastas do que as do passado, num ensino obrigatório e massificado, e a capacidade de captação da atenção que a escola antes produzia, é hoje mais difícil de obter. A motivação, sem a qual não há aprendizagem, revela a dificuldade da educação escolar em lidar com a realidade atual. Dentro de um referencial teórico sustentado, importa analisar e interpretar o modo como decorre a aprendizagem e o modelo de avaliação do terceiro ciclo do ensino básico, bem como investigar os fatores que influenciam a motivação dos alunos. Para atingir os objetivos do estudo optou-se por uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa, recorrendo à realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas aos vários intervenientes educativos e à análise de documentos, numa escola selecionada para o efeito. Constatou-se, através dos dados obtidos, que a reprovação tem um impacto extremamente significativo no desempenho escolar dos alunos, e que se umas vezes provoca um efeito pedagógico, noutras tem o efeito exatamente inverso. Este trabalho consiste num estudo de caso sobre o efeito que a reprovação provoca na motivação dos alunos que ficam retidos e tem como intuito encontrar estratégias para aumentar a motivação desses mesmos alunos.

Les droits réels et personnels sur les titres détenus auprès d'un intermédiaire : analyse comparative en droit québécois interne et international privé

Les transactions sur les valeurs mobilières ainsi que leur mise en garantie se font bien au-delà des frontières nationales. Elles impliquent une multitude d’intervenants, tels que l’émetteur, un grand nombre d’intermédiaires disposés en structure pyramidale, un ou des investisseurs et, bien évidemment, les bénéficiaires desdites valeurs mobilières ou garanties. On peut aussi signaler l’existence de nombreux portefeuilles diversifiés contenant des titres émis par plusieurs émetteurs situés dans plusieurs états. Toute la difficulté d’une telle diversité d’acteurs, de composantes financières et juridiques, réside dans l’application de règles divergentes et souvent conflictuelles provenant de systèmes juridiques d’origines diverses (Common Law et civiliste). De nombreux juristes, de toutes nationalités confondues, ont pu constater ces dernières années que les règles de création, d’opposabilité et de réalisation des sûretés, ainsi que les règles de conflit de lois qui aident à déterminer la loi applicable à ces différentes questions, ne répondaient plus adéquatement aux exigences juridiques nationales dans un marché financier global, exponentiel et sans réelles frontières administratives. Afin de résoudre cette situation et accommoder le marché financier, de nombreux textes de loi ont été révisés et adaptés. Notre analyse du droit québécois est effectuée en fonction du droit américain et canadien, principales sources du législateur québécois, mais aussi du droit suisse qui est le plus proche de la tradition civiliste québécoise, le tout à la lueur de la 36e Convention de La Haye du 5 juillet 2006 sur la loi applicable à certains droits sur des titres détenus auprès d'un intermédiaire. Par exemple, les articles 8 et 9 du Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) américain ont proposé des solutions modernes et révolutionnaires qui s’éloignent considérablement des règles traditionnelles connues en matière de bien, de propriété, de sûreté et de conflits de lois. Plusieurs autres projets et instruments juridiques dédiés à ces sujets ont été adoptés, tels que : la Loi uniforme sur le transfert des valeurs mobilières (LUTVM) canadienne, qui a été intégrée au Québec par le biais de la Loi sur le transfert de valeurs mobilières et l’obtention de titres intermédiés, RLRQ, c.T-11.002 (LTVMQ) ; la 36e Convention de La Haye du 5 juillet 2006 sur la loi applicable à certains droits sur des titres détenus auprès d'un intermédiaire; la Loi fédérale sur le droit international privé (LDIP) suisse, ainsi que la Loi fédérale sur les titres intermédiés (LTI) suisse. L’analyse de ces textes de loi nous a permis de proposer une nouvelle version des règles de conflit de lois en matière de sûretés et de transfert des titres intermédiés en droit québécois. Cette étude devrait susciter une réflexion profonde du point de vue d’un juriste civiliste, sur l’efficacité des nouvelles règles québécoises de sûretés et de conflit de lois en matière de titres intermédiés, totalement inspirées des règles américaines de Common Law. Un choix qui semble totalement ignorer un pan du système juridique civiliste et sociétal.