Local Roads Maintenance Workers’ Manual, June 2006

This manual describes best roadway maintenance practices for Iowa's local roads and streets, from the center line to shoulders, ditches, and drainage, with chapters on public relations, bridge maintenance, and snow and ice control. Each chapter contains safety tips, information(as appropriate) on managing quality control, and a list of references for further information.

Comprehensiveness in child healthcare teaching in Undergraduate Nursing: perspective of teachers

This qualitative study analyzed, from the teacher’s perspective, if the principle of comprehensiveness is included in child healthcare teaching in nursing education. The participants were 16 teachers involved in teaching child healthcare in eight undergraduate nursing programs. Data collection was performed through interviews that were submitted to thematic content analysis. The theory in teaching incorporates comprehensive care, as it is based on children’s epidemiological profile, child healthcare policies and programs, and included interventions for the promotion/prevention/rehabilitation in primary health care, hospitals, daycare centers and preschools. The comprehensive conception of health-disease process allows for understanding the child within his/her family and community. However, a contradiction exists between what is proposed and what is practiced, because the teaching is fragmented, without any integration among disciplines, with theory dissociated from practice, and isolated practical teaching that compromises the incorporation of the principle of comprehensiveness in child healthcare teaching.

Teaching-service integration: implications and roles in experiences of Undergraduate Courses in Nursing

The study aimed at understanding the implications of the teaching-service integration to nursing education from the perspective of teachers, students and professionals in Primary Healthcare as well as identifying the roles of teachers and professionals who follow practical experiences in education. This is a case study of qualitative approach carried out in five undergraduate courses in Nursing in the state of Santa Catarina. A total of 22 teachers and 14 professionals were interviewed and five focus groups were conducted with students. Results are presented in two categories: Implications of the teaching-service integration to education in Nursing: contributing factors and intervening factors and Relationships established in the experiences: a unison speech and a dissonant practice. The contributions of the teaching-service integration are undeniable. Despite this belief, there are intervening factors that need to be on the agenda for discussion. The role of facilitator in education emerged strongly despite conflicting perceptions remain.

Manual de formação para o Aconselhamento em IST, HIV e SIDA JUNHO 2004

A actual tendência de crescimento da epidemia da SIDA e os riscos derivados da presença das IST, atingindo amplos sectores populacionais, a um alto custo emocional, social e económico, ressaltam a importância do aconselhamento entre as acções de saúde pública. Esta epidemia evidencia questões fundamentais para o sistema de saúde em geral. Entre estas, aquelas que dizem respeito à qualidade da relação construída entre profissional de saúde e Utente. Esta relação estabelece um encontro íntimo e privilegiado para a acção preventiva, na medida em que as mensagens são individualizadas e ajustadas às necessidades e possibilidades do Utente. A prática do aconselhamento nas Unidades de Saúde é um instrumento importante para romper a cadeia de transmissão das IST e da SIDA. Apesar de ser uma actividade muitas vezes já desenvolvida pelos profissionais de saúde que actuam nessa área, requer atenções especiais por implicar questões subjectivas, como atitudes e valores do aconselhador, e por envolver temáticas com desdobramentos emocionais e socioculturais. Portanto, a formação de aconselhadores em IST e SIDA deve levar em conta essas questões ao propor a padronização das linhas de acção a serem desenvolvidas pelas Unidades de Saúde, utilizando um adequado referencial teórico e metodológico. O presente Manual tem por finalidade sistematizar uma proposta de implantação da prática do aconselhamento nas Unidades de Saúde e subsidiar as actividades de formação de aconselhamento em IST e SIDA, oferecendo aos instrutores recursos conceituais e metodológicos. A descrição do processo de aconselhamento está apresentada em documento específico1 e contempla os conceitos utilizados neste plano de curso, que está constituído por sete unidades, as quais guardam entre si uma sequência lógica. A Unidade I, Construindo o Conceito de Aconselhamento, tem por finalidade refletir sobre a prática profissional e sua relação com a Actividade de aconselhamento. A Unidade II, Conhecimentos Básicos de Epidemiologia das IST e da SIDA, propicia a aquisição de conhecimentos sobre esse tema, associando-o com o aconselhamento.

Manual de Protocolos Terapêuticos de Pediatria

Ministérios de Saúde

Problematizing the multidisciplinary residency in oncology: a practical teaching protocol from the perspective of nurse residents

Objective: To investigate practical teaching of nurse residents in a multidisciplinary residency in oncology. Method: A qualitative descriptive study grounded in the problematization methodology and its steps, represented by the Maguerez Arch. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: Potentiating and limiting elements of the residency guided the design of a practical teaching protocol from the perspective of residents, structured in three stages: Welcoming and ambience; Nursing care for problem situations; and, Evaluation process. Conclusion: Systematization of practical teaching promoted the autonomy of individuals and the approximation of teaching to reality, making residency less strenuous, stressful and distressing.



Manual de Protocolos Terapêuticos de Medicina Interna

Ministério de Saúde

Manual do Delegado de Saúde

H. Bryant, citado por David Morley na obra Pediatria no Mundo em Desenvolvimento, retrata a chegada de um jovem médico colocado pelo governo no seu primeiro posto: “Designado para trabalhar num distrito rural, com uma população de 70.000 pessoas, aproximadamente. É o único médico do lugar. O hospital conta com 70 leitos, mas os pacientes internados são 110. A enfermeira - apenas uma - acompanha-o durante a primeira visita ao hospital. Uma verdadeira multidão se comprime no ambulatório. Ele fica sabendo que diariamente vêm 200 a 400 pacientes. O médico só é chamado para ver casos difíceis. O hospital é limpo e bem cuidado. Uma parteira está tomando conta de duas mulheres em trabalho de parto, sem complicações. Há um aparelho de Rx que provavelmente voltará a funcionar quando for trocada a ampola. A farmácia está limpa mas o suprimento existente é pequeno. Na última remessa de medicamentos não veio a penicilina, e somente metade da cloroquina solicitada. Na região, as infecções são comuns e a malária endémica. O refrigerador não funciona. O pequeno laboratório possui um microscópio diminuto, uma centrífuga manual e algumas lâminas não rotuladas. O gabinete de delegado de saúde está localizado ao lado do hospital. No distrito há quatro unidades sanitárias, todas com auxiliares, e um jeep que fica muitas vezes parado por falta de gasolina. Enquanto realiza a visita, a enfermeira diz ao médico que uma mulher esteve em trabalho de parto durante dois dias, sem resultado, e agora apresenta sinais de rotura do útero. O hospital regional com cirurgião fica a 220 km. Um menino está em coma, com suspeita de malária cerebral. Seu pai é um chefe local muito importante.

Costs of reusable and disposable aprons in a public teaching hospital

Objective To analyze the direct cost of reusable and disposable aprons in a public teaching hospital. Method Cross-sectional study of quantitative approach, focusing on the direct cost of reusable and disposable aprons at a teaching hospital in northern Paraná. The study population consisted of secondary data collected in reports of the cost of services, laundry, materials and supplies division of the institution for the year 2012 Results We identified a lower average cost of using disposable apron when compared to the reusable apron. The direct cost of reusable apron was R$ 3.06, and the steps of preparation and washing were mainly responsible for the high cost, and disposable apron cost was R$ 0.94. Conclusion The results presented are important for hospital managers properly allocate resources and manage costs in hospitals
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Integrated Materials and Construction Practice for Concrete Pavement: A State-of-the-Practice Manual, 2006

At the heart of all concrete pavement projects is the concrete itself. This manual is intended as both a training tool and a reference to help concrete paving engineers, quality control personnel, specifiers, contractors, suppliers, technicians, and tradespeople bridge the gap between recent research and practice regarding optimizing the performance of concrete for pavements. Specifically, it will help readers do the following:

Nursing Teaching Strategies by Encouraging Students’ Questioning, Argumentation and Explanation

Nursing students need to develop competences in the field of explanation, argumentation and questioning as they are pivotal to foster a relationship with their patients and achieve a greater humanisation of care. The objective of this paper is to analyse the perception of 1st-year nursing students with regard to the humanisation of care provided to patients by encouraging them to discuss real-life episodes. The study is qualitative and content analysis used the students’ questions, explanations and argumentation as core discourses. Among other conclusions, results point towards the importance of promoting activities that encourage the different nursing students’ discourses and the ability to understand the humanisation and dehumanisation patterns arising from the real-life episodes used as case study.

Burnout and associated factors in employees of a Swiss teaching hospital

Background Working in a teaching hospital is a highly stressful occupation, which can lead to burnout. The consequences of burnout in health professionals can be very serious, both for themselves and patients. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the extent of burnout and associated factors in hospital employees. Methods In the Fall of 2007, all employees of a Swiss teaching hospital were invited to complete a job satisfaction survey. It included the work-related burnout scale (scored 0-100) of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI-French version), measuring the degree of physical and psychological fatigue and exhaustion perceived as related to the person's work; a high degree of burnout was defined as a score _50. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with a high degree of burnout. Results A total of 4575 individuals returned the questionnaire (response rate 54%). Of them, 1503 (33%) had a high degree of burnout. The rate of burnout was higher among women (34.3% versus 30.5%, P = 0.012) and respondents younger than 40 years (37.7% versus 28.6%, P < 0.001). Executives were less prone to burnout than employees (27.1% versus 33.9%, P < 0.0019). Rates of burnout differed by profession: nurses and physicians had higher rates than administrative and logistic staff (42.8% and 37.4% versus 25.6% and 20.9%, respectively P < 0.001). Burnout was inversely associated with job satisfaction. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with burnout were overall dissatisfaction (OR 3.23; 95% CI 2.66-3.91), dissatisfaction with workload (OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.74-2.51) and work-life balance (OR 2.25; 95% CI 1.83-2.77), being a woman (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.28-1.90), working fulltime (OR 1.41; 95% CI 1.08-1.85) and working as a nurse, a physician or in the psychosocial sector. Conclusions One-third of respondents, mostly nurses and physicians, experienced burnout and had lower levels of job satisfaction. The factors associated with burnout may help to tailor programmes aiming at reducing burnout at both the individual and organizational level within the hospital.

The nurse in the management of materials in teaching hospitals

OBJECTIVETo present the nurse's integration within materials management of six teaching hospitals of Paraná - Brazil, and to describe the activities performed by nurses within this process.METHODA study of a qualitative approach and descriptive nature, conducted in teaching hospitals in Paraná, between June and August of 2013. The data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews with eight nurses who worked in materials management; data were analyzed using content analysis.RESULTSThese showed that nurses perform ten categories of activities, distributed into four of the five steps of the materials management process.CONCLUSIONThe nurse, in performing of these activities, in addition to favoring the development of participative management, contributes to the organization, planning, and the standardization of the hospital supply process, giving greater credibility to the work with professionals who use the materials, and to the suppliers.

Assessment of the teaching-learning process in students of the health area: cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the skills and knowledge of undergraduate students in the health area on cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers with the use of an automatic external defibrillator.METHODThe evaluation was performed in three different stages of the teaching-learning process. A theoretical and practical course was taught and the theoretical classes included demonstration. The evaluation was performed in three different stages of the teaching-learning process. Two instruments were applied to evaluate the skills (30-items checklist) and knowledge (40-questions written test). The sample comprised 84 students.RESULTSAfter the theoretical and practical course, an increase was observed in the number of correct answers in the 30-items checklist and 40-questions written test.CONCLUSIONAfter the theoretical class (including demonstration), only one of the 30-items checklist for skills achieved an index ≥ 90% of correct answers. On the other hand, an index of correct answers greater than 90% was achieved in 26 (86.7%) of the 30 items after a practical training simulation, evidencing the importance of this training in the defibrillation procedure.