682 resultados para TRYPANOSOMA THEILERI


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Hookworms feed on blood, but the mechanism by which they lyse ingested erythrocytes is unknown. Here we show that Ancylostoma caninum, the common dog hookworm, expresses a detergent soluble, haemolytic factor. Activity was identified in both adult and larval stages, was heat-stable and unaffected by the addition of protease inhibitors, metal ions, chelators and reducing agents. Trypsin ablated lysis indicating that the haemolysin is a protein. A closely migrating doublet of hookworm proteins with apparent molecular weights of 60-65 kDa bound to the erythrocyte membrane after lysis of cells using both unlabeled and biotinylated detergent-solubilised hookworm extracts. In addition, separation of detergent-soluble parasite extracts using strong cation-exchange chromatography, resulted in purification of 60-65 kDa proteins with trypsin-sensitive haemolytic activity. Erythrocytes lysed with particulate, buffer-insoluble worm extracts were observed using scanning electron microscopy and appeared as red cell ghosts with approximately 100 nm diameter pores formed in the cell membranes. Red blood cell ghosts remained visible indicating that lysis was likely caused by pore formation and followed by osmotic disruption of the cell. (C) 2004 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Benznidazole, a drug with specific anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity, is used in the treatment of Chagas’ disease. The radiopharmaceutical sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4) is used to obtain diagnostic images of the stomach, thyroid, parathyroids, salivary glands, brain and in the study of esophageal reflux and blood flow. This study aimed at evaluating in vivo the influence of benznidazole treatment on the sodium pertechnetate biodistribution in Wistar rats. The percentage of radioactivity per gram (%ATI/g) of various organs (brain, heart, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, spleen, liver, muscle and blood) was determined. Comparing the treated rats with the controls, we observed that sodium pertechnetate biodistribution did not change when administered to rats treated for thirty days with benznidazole

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Benznidazole, a drug with specific anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity, is used in the treatment of Chagas’ disease. The radiopharmaceutical sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4) is used to obtain diagnostic images of the stomach, thyroid, parathyroids, salivary glands, brain and in the study of esophageal reflux and blood flow. This study aimed at evaluating in vivo the influence of benznidazole treatment on the sodium pertechnetate biodistribution in Wistar rats. The percentage of radioactivity per gram (%ATI/g) of various organs (brain, heart, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, spleen, liver, muscle and blood) was determined. Comparing the treated rats with the controls, we observed that sodium pertechnetate biodistribution did not change when administered to rats treated for thirty days with benznidazole

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La enfermedad de Chagas, también conocida como tripanosomiasis americana o Mal de Chagas-Mazza, es una enfermedad parasitaria tropical, generalmente crónica, causada por el protozoo flagelado Trypanosoma cruzi. Esta enfermedad afecta mayormente a las zonas con un gran índice de pobreza, siendo un problema en El Salvador, por lo cual se realizó el estudio de búsqueda de triatóminos en el entorno familiar y presencia de la enfermedad de Chagas en la población de 5 a 15 años, caserío San Rafael, cantón Guanaste, municipio de Ciudad Barrios, departamento de San Miguel en el período de mayo a julio de 2014. Se plantearon como Objetivos Aplicar los indicadores entomológicos en los vectores capturados y las viviendas inspeccionadas donde habita la población de 5 a 15 años de edad del caserío San Rafael y determinar la presencia de la enfermedad de Chagas en la población de 5 a 15 años de edad. La Metodología empleada en el estudio es de tipo prospectivo de corte transversal, descriptivo, de campo y de laboratorio. La población estuvo formada por 63 menores de edad y 37 viviendas. Resultados de esta investigación son: respecto a las viviendas se estudiaron 37 casas donde residen menores de 5 a 15 años de edad, encontrándose en viviendas un total de 22 vectores transmisores de la enfermedad, de las cuales en 3 (13.6%) de estas se encontraron positivas al parásito Trypanosoma cruzi; favorece a la proliferación de este vector en la comunidad el tipo de construcción de las viviendas, en las cuales predominó las casas de pared, piso y tierra con adobe, tierra y teja y bahareque, tierra y teja, respectivamente En la población se examinaron a 63 menores entre 5 a 15 años, de estos se detectaron 9 casos sospechosos y confirmaron 6 casos positivos, lo que equivale al 9% a la presencia de la enfermedad de Chagas. Conclusiones Se estudiaron 37 viviendas dado que en ellas habitan menores de 5 a 15 años, 10 de estas se encuentran infectadas con el vector. Encontrando un total de 22 chinches con un porcentaje de 27.02% de infestación de vivienda por Triatoma dimidiata. Se realizó una búsqueda dentro de las viviendas, con un índice de infestación intradomiciliar de 27.02%. A pesar de la búsqueda exhaustiva realizada en el área peridomiciliar de las viviendas no se logró encontrar el vector por lo tanto el índice de infestación peridomiciliar es de 0.0%. Al realizar la compresión abdominal de los 22 triatóminos capturados 3 resultaron positivos a la presencia del parásito, obteniéndose el índice de infestación natural de T. cruzi de 13.6%. De las chinches positivas, 2 de ellas fueron encontradas en viviendas de menores que salieron negativos a las pruebas parasitológicas directas e indirectas. Un factor importante para la detección de la enfermedad es que la comunidad esté informada completamente sobre los signos y síntomas de esta, y así evitar que la enfermedad pase desapercibida.

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La Enfermedad de Chagas es una enfermedad causada por un parásito llamado Trypanosoma cruzi, que puede vivir en la sangre y en los tejidos de personas y animales y en el tubo digestivo de unos insectos conocidos como triatóminos o chinches. El OBJETIVO de esta investigación fue detectar casos de la Enfermedad de Chagas en la población de 5 a 15 años de edad en el caserío Los Orellana y determinar la presencia de Triatoma dimidiata en el ámbito familiar de la población en estudio. METODOLOGÍA: El estudio fue prospectivo, transversal, descriptivo, de campo y de laboratorio. La población estuvo constituida por 66 menores en edades de 5 a 15 años que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Así como también la búsqueda de Triatoma dimidiata que se llevó a cabo en las viviendas donde se buscó el vector. Se llenó una cédula de entrevista con respuestas de los representantes de cada hogar inspeccionado la cual constaba de 8 preguntas referentes a la investigación. A los vectores capturados se les realizó la técnica de compresión abdominal en busca del parásito Trypanosoma cruzi en la deyecciones de estos. Posteriormente se procedió a tomar una muestra de sangre a los menores que participaron en el estudio para realizar las pruebas parasitológicas que fueron el frotis de sangre periférica, gota gruesa y concentrado de Strout en busca del parásito en la sangre y las pruebas serológicas de ELISA Tercera y Cuarta generación e Inmunofluorescencia Indirecta para confirmar los casos que resultaron reactivos. RESULTADOS OBTENIDOS: El porcentaje de casas infestadas con Triatoma dimidiata fue de 9 (21.43 %) habiendo capturado 28 triatóminos los cuales 3 presentaron el parásito que corresponde al 10.71 %. En los métodos parasitológicos directos (Frotis de sangre periférica, Gota gruesa y Concentrado de Strout) no se observó la presencia del parásito; El método serológico indirecto ELISA de Tercera generación dio como resultado 3 casos reactivos (4.5%) procediéndose a realizar su respectiva confirmación a través de ELISA de Cuarta generación e Inmunofluorescencia Indirecta, detectándose anticuerpos anti - Trypanosoma cruzi tipo IgG en las tres muestras. CONCLUSIÓN: Se encontró en un 21.43 % (9) de las casas la presencia del vector transmisor de la Enfermedad de Chagas los cuales se analizaron encontrándose en el 10.71 % (3) la presencia del parásito. Finalmente se encontró el 4.5 % (3) de los menores con la enfermedad en su fase crónica.

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Hydroxymethylnitrofurazone (NFOH) is a prodrug that is active against Trypanosoma cruzi. It however presents low solubility and high toxicity. Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) can be used as a drug-delivery system for NFOH modifying its physico-chemical properties. The aim of this work is to characterize the inclusion complex between NFOH and HP-beta-CD. The rate of NFOH release decreases after complexation and thermodynamic parameters from the solubility isotherm studies revealed that a stable complex is formed (deltaGº= 1.7 kJ/mol). This study focuses on the physico-chemical characterization of a drug-delivery formulation that comes out as a potentially new therapeutic option for Chagas disease treatment.

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Rhodnius neglectus Lent, 1954 {Rn}e Psammolestes tertius Lent & Jurberg, 1965 {Pt} são triatomíneos que ocorrem em ninhos de aves, principalmente da família Furnariidae. O ciclo biológico dessas espécies é conhecido em condições de laboratório, sendo poucos estudos em ecótopos silvestres. Para analisar a infestação e estrutura de populações de Rn e Pt em ninhos de aves presentes na palmeira Mauritia flexuosa Linnaeus, em duas estações climáticas do Brasil Central, foram amostradas 41 palmeiras com evidências de nidificação dePhacellodomus ruber Vieillot, 1817 (22 na estação chuvosa e 19 na estação seca) em quatro áreas do Distrito Federal. Os insetos foram capturados usando-se coleta manual na copa da palmeira, identificados morfologicamente, separados por sexo e estádio ninfal. Fezes e glândulas salivares de Rn foram examinadas para verificar infecção por Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, 1909 e/ou T. rangeli Tejera, 1920. Trinta e cinco palmeiras com ninhos de P. ruber estavam infestadas por Rn (85%) e 22 por Pt (53%). 442 indivíduos foram coletados na estação seca (200 Rn e 242 Pt) e 267 na estação chuvosa (136 Rn e 131 Pt). O único fator relacionado significativamente com a densidade de triatomíneos nas palmeiras foi a área. A estrutura etária das populações mostrou: a) maior abundância de adultos nas populações de Pt, b) maior abundância de machos em ambas as espécies e c) presença de fêmeas ovipondo em ambas as estações. Nenhum dos 177 triatomíneos examinados estava infectado por T. cruzi ou T. rangeli. A estrutura etária das populações de Rn e Pt não diferiu significativamente entre as estações amostradas, indicando ausência de marcada sazonalidade para essas espécies. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT

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Two passive methods in the assessment of intradomiciliary infestation by Rhodnius ecuadoriensis were tested: (i) the Gomes Nuñez sensor box (GN), (ii) sheets of white typing paper and (iii) one active timed manual method. The study was carried out in the Alto Chicama River Valley, Province of Gran Chimú, Department of La Libertad. The study design consisted of an initial searching of triatomines inside of the domestic environment by the manual capture active procedure (man/hour) covering all the studied houses. Then, matched pairs of GN boxes and paper sheets were simultaneously installed in the bedrooms of 207 households distributed in 19 localities. A comparative prospective trial of these passive detection devices were monitored at 2, 4 and, finally 6 months follow-up. Parasitological Trypanosoma rangeli and/or T. cruzi infections were investigated in two houses with high level of infestation by R. ecuadoriensis.16.9% of the 207 households investigated by an initial active manual method were infested with R. ecuadoriensis. The proportion of infested houses fluctuated from 6.2 to 55.5% amongst the 19 localities investigated. T. rangeli natural infection was detected in R.ecuadoriensis specimens collected in two households. Parasite rates in the bugs ranged from 16.6 to 21.7% respectively. The most striking fact was an average rate of salivary gland infection ranging from 7.4 to 8.3%. At the end of the sixth month period, a cumulative incidence of 31.4% of positive GN boxes against 15.9% for paper sheets was recorded. All three methods combined detected domestic infestation in 129 (62.3%) of the 207 houses studied in the 19 localities. The range of houses infested varies from 6.7% to 92.9%. In areas with low bug density infestation rates, the methodology experienced in our studies, seems to be the best choice for investigations on domestic R. ecuadoriensis populations.

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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, 2016.

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The class Kinetoplastea encompasses both free-living and parasitic species from a wide range of hosts. Several representatives of this group are responsible for severe human diseases and for economic losses in agriculture and livestock. While this group encompasses over 30 genera, most of the available information has been derived from the vertebrate pathogenic genera Leishmania and Trypanosoma. Recent studies of the previously neglected groups of Kinetoplastea indicated that the actual diversity is much higher than previously thought. This article discusses the known segment of kinetoplastid diversity and how gene-directed Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing methods can help to deepen our knowledge of these interesting protists.

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The existence of the nervous form of Chagas disease is a matter of discussion since Carlos Chagas described neurological disorders, learning and behavioural alterations in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected individuals. In most patients, the clinical manifestations of the acute phase, including neurological abnormalities, resolve spontaneously without apparent consequence in the chronic phase of infection. However, chronic Chagas disease patients have behavioural changes such as psychomotor alterations, attention and memory deficits, and depression. In the present study, we tested whether or not behavioural alterations are reproducible in experimental models. We show that C57BL/6 mice chronically infected with the Colombian strain of T. cruzi (150 days post-infection) exhibit behavioural changes as (i) depression in the tail suspension and forced swim tests, (ii) anxiety analysed by elevated plus maze and open field test sand and (iii) motor coordination in the rotarod test. These alterations are neither associated with neuromuscular disorders assessed by the grip strength test nor with sickness behaviour analysed by temperature variation sand weight loss. Therefore, chronically T. cruzi-infected mice replicate behavioural alterations (depression and anxiety) detected in Chagas disease patients opening an opportunity to study the interconnection and the physiopathology of these two biological processes in an infectious scenario.