Sampling statistics in the Atlantic menhaden fishery

Atlantic menhaden, Brrvoortia tyrannus, the object of a major purse-seine fishery along the U.S. east coast, are landed at plants from northern Florida to central Maine. The National Marine Fisheries Service has sampled these landings since 1955 for length, weight, and age. Together with records of landings at each plant, the samples are used to estimate numbers of fish landed at each age. This report analyzes the sampling design in terms of probablity sampling theory. The design is c1assified as two-stage cluster sampling, the first stage consisting of purse-seine sets randomly selected from the population of all sets landed, and the second stage consisting of fish randomly selected from each sampled set. Implicit assumptions of this design are discussed with special attention to current sampling procedures. Methods are developed for estimating mean fish weight, numbers of fish landed, and age composition of the catch, with approximate 95% confidence intervals. Based on specific results from three ports (port Monmouth, N.J., Reedville, Va., and Beaufort, N.C.) for the 1979 fishing season, recommendations are made for improving sampling procedures to comply more exactly with assumptions of the sampling design. These recommendatlons include adopting more formal methods for randomizing set and fish selection, increasing the number of sets sampled, considering the bias introduced by unequal set sizes, and developing methods to optimize the use of funds and personnel. (PDF file contains 22 pages.)

Die EU-Förderung der Fisch verarbeitenden Industrie und das EU-Datenerhebungsprogramm

A considerable amount of national EU funds for supporting fisheries has been transferred to the German fish processing in-dustry. The recently ratified European Fisheries Fund (EFF) again provides a significant sum. Yet the EU is lacking a data pool of sufficient precision, which is required as a basis to develop apt EU regulations in the future. Regulation No. 1639/2001 of the EU Commission commits the member states to collect these data. In this paper specifics of the data to be collected and the collection procedure are presented and linked to the CFP and to characteristics of the German fish processing industry.

Strategies for increasing freshwater fish production in the Green Revolution Programme

Sources of fish and fishery products in Nigeria were reviewed. The problems of various agencies involved in freshwater fish production in Nigeria were also analysed, such problems included shortage of manpower, inadequate training for personnel, shortage of funds, lack of infrastructures, among others

The power of fish trader associations in the marketing of fish in Lagos State

This paper focusses on the activities of trade associations in the marketing of fish in Lagos State. The study covers 6 different markets in Lagos State of Nigeria. Analysis indicates that 86% of the traders are members of the associations. The ages of the traders range from 21 to over 55 years. However, majority are between the ages of 31 and 45 years. Traders secure their initial capital mostly from trade associations and Esusu/Ajo. Most traders have no working capital to maintain a regular series of outlets, so wholesalers turn to associations for funds, while retailers turn to wholesalers. They eventually pay back when they sell to consumers. The fish industry is found to be imperfectly competitive mostly because of the actions of fish trader associations. The fish marketing system is highly personalised and loyality exists between wholesalers and retailers and their customers

Strategies for the establishment of profitable fish farms in Nigeria

Cost projections for the establishment of a fish farm in Nigeria was conducted. It is shown that fish farming should be a lucrative venture. However, many private fish farms are not making the desired profits because of a variety of problems. Besides managerial incompetence, availability of fingerlings for stocking in the ponds is shown to be a serious handicap to the success of investments in a fish farm. It is suggested that where the funds are available, each farm should be equipped with facilities for raising its needs of fingerlings. Since useful capital would be involved and knowledgeable experts to run the hatcheries are few, it is recommended that fish farms within a state or adjacent states should combine to establish viable cooperative hatcheries

Panama City Fisheries Resources Office: FY 2006 Annual Report

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FY 2006 1. Captured and tagged 475 Gulf sturgeons in five Florida rivers and one bay. 2. Documented Gulf sturgeon marine movement and habitat use in the Gulf of Mexico. 3. Assisted the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) with the collection of Gulf sturgeon, implantation of acoustic tags, and monitoring of fish in a study to examine movement patterns and habitat use in Pensacola and Choctawhatchee bays post-Hurricane Ivan. 4. Provided technical assistance to Jon “Bo” Sawyer in completing a study – Summer Resting Areas of the Gulf Sturgeon in the Conecuh/Escambia River System, Alabama-Florida – for acquiring a Degree of Master of Science at Troy University, Alabama. 5. Coordinated tagging and data collection with NOAA observers aboard trawlers while collecting Gulf sturgeon during dredging operations in the coastal Gulf of Mexico. 6. Hosted the 7th Annual Gulf Sturgeon Workshop. 7. Implemented Gulf Striped Bass Restoration Plan by coordinating the 23rd Annual Morone Workshop, leading the technical committee, transporting broodfish, coordinating the stocking on the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) river system, and evaluating post-stocking success. 8. Continued updating and managing the Freshwater Mussel Survey Database, a Geographic Information System (GIS) database, for over 800 unique sites in the Northeast Gulf (NEG) drainages in Alabama (AL), Georgia (GA), and Florida (FL). 9. Formed a recovery implementation team for listed mussels in the ACF river basin and oversaw grant cooperative agreements for 14 listed and candidate freshwater mussels in the NEG watersheds. 10. Initiated a project in the Apalachicola River to relocate mussels stranded as a result of drought conditions, and calculate river flows at which mussels would be exposed. 11. Initiated a project in Sawhatchee Creek, Georgia to determine the status of threatened and endangered (T&E) freshwater mussels and target restoration projects, population assessments, and potential population augmentation to lead toward recovery of the listed species. 12. Initiated a study to determine the age and growth of the endangered fat threeridge mussel (Amblema neislerii). 13. Provided technical assistance to the Panama City Ecological Services office for a biological opinion on the operations of Jim Woodruff Lock and Dam and its effects on the listed species and designated and proposed critical habitat in the Apalachicola River, Florida. 14. Assisted with a multi-State, inter-agency team to develop a management plan to restore the Alabama shad in the ACF river system. 15. Conducted fishery surveys on Tyndall AFB, Florida and Ft. Benning, Georgia and completed a report with recommendations for future recreational fishery needs. 16. Provided fishery technical assistance to four National Wildlife Refuges (NWR) (i.e., Okefenokee NWR, Banks Lake NWR, St. Vincent NWR, and St. Marks NWR). 17. Initiated an Aquatic Resources and Recreation Fishing Survey on Department of Defense facilities located in Region 4. 18. Identified 130 road-stream crossings on Eglin AFB for rehabilitation and elimination of sediment imputs. 19. Continued the Aquatics Monitoring Program at Eglin AFB to assess techniques that determine current status and sustainability of aquatic habitat and develop a measure to determine quality or degradation of habitat. 20. Assisted Eglin AFB Natural Resource managers in revising the installation’s Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan (INRMP) and its associated component plans. 21. Coordinated recovery efforts for the endangered Okaloosa darter including population/life history surveys, stream restoration, and outreach activities. 22. Initiated a comprehensive status review of the Okaloosa darter with analyses performed to assess available habitat, preferred habitats, range expansions/reductions/fragmentations, population size, and probability of extinction. 23. Assisted the Gulf Coastal Plain Ecosystem Partnership and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) under a Memorandum of Agreement to develop conservation strategies, implement monitoring and assessment programs, and secure funds for aquatic management programs in six watersheds in northwest Florida and southeast Alabama. 24. Entered into a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Air Force to encourage the conservation and rehabilitation of natural resources at Hurlburt Field, Florida. 25. Multiple outreach projects were completed to detail aquatic resources’ conservation needs and opportunities; including National Fishing Week, Earth Day, several festivals, and school outreach.

Panama City Fisheries Resources Office: FY 2002 Annual Report

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FY 2002 1. United States Senator Bob Graham assisted with a Gulf sturgeon survey. 2. Completed 3-year Gulf sturgeon population study in the Choctawhatchee River drainage. 3. Completed Gulf sturgeon potential spawning habitat survey for Northwest Florida and Southeast Alabama river systems. 4. Initiated Gulf sturgeon marine habitat and food resources study. 5. Completed Gulf sturgeon sentinel fish study. 6. Coordinated and conducted tagging of over 110,000 Phase II striped bass at Welaka and Warm Springs National Fish Hatchery. 7. Completed Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge fishery sampling. 8. Developed a manuscript regarding the fishery of Banks Lake NWR. 9. Initiated development of a fish Index of Biotic Integrity for Florida panhandle streams. 10. Coordinated Okaloosa darter workshop. 11. Continued examining insect communities on Eglin AFB. 12. Sponsored and coordinated stream restoration workshop. 13. Provided technical assistance via Partners for Fish and Wildlife for stream restoration within the Northeast Gulf Ecosystem. 14. Finalized regional curve development in the Northern Region of Florida and secured significant funds for FY03 to expand to other regions in Florida. 15. Initiated freshwater mussel conservation in the Northeastern Gulf Ecosystem.

Crowdfunding para organizaciones del Tercer y Cuarto Sector

Máster en Dirección Empresarial desde la Innovación y la Internacionalización. Curso 2013/2014

La inversión socialmente responsable en los fondos de pensiones y en las EPSV de empleo

Máster en Dirección Empresarial desde la Innovación y la internacionalización. Curso 2013/2014

The long road of climate negotiations: From Kyoto to Paris stopping over in Doha

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Testable models of aquatic systems: A NERC special topic for integrating experiments and modelling

A major part of the support for fundamental research on aquatic ecosystems continues to be provided by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). Funds are released for ”thematic” studies in a selected special topic or programme. ”Testable Models of Aquatic Ecosystems” was a Special Topic of the NERC, initiated in 1995, the aim of which was to promote ecological modelling by making new links between experimental aquatic biologists and state-of-the-art modellers. The Topic covered both marine and freshwater systems. This paper summarises projects on aspects of the responses of individual organisms to the effects of environmental variability, on the assembly, permanence and resilience of communities, and on aspects of spatial models. The authors conclude that the NERC Special Topic has been highly successful in promoting the development and application of models, most particularly through the interplay between experimental ecologists and formal modellers.

Etika finantzetan: ikertutako gaien analisia

Ondoren aurkezten den lana bi helburu nagusi ditu. Alde batetik, Etika Finantzarioak gaur egun duen egoera aztertzea, eta bestalde analizatzea egin diren ikerketak zertan zentratu diren. Horretarako, lan hau oinarrituko da 205 ISI artikuluetan, Leire San-José (UPV/EHU) irakasleak zuzendutako Delphi baten parte direnak. Beraz lan honen zati adierazgarriena bi bloke nagusitan bananduko da. Lehenengoan, artikuluetatik atera ahal diren datu guztiz teknikoak analizatuko dira, esate baterako: publikazio urtea, zein herrialdeetan idatzi diren, zein hizkuntzetan, etab; batez ere ondorengo galderei erantzuna eman ahal izateko: noiz ikertu da gehien? Zein herrialdeetan? Zein gaiei eman zaie garrantzia handiagoa?... Bigarren atalari dagokionez, Etika Finantzarioa osatzen duten gaien gehiengoei buruz egin diren ikerketen azalpen eta komentarioak jorratuko dira. Baina aurrekoaz aparte, mapa kontzeptual bat aurkeztuko da, gai honen azpi-gai eta kontzeptu klabe bilduz; eta horrela, modu argiago batean ikusi ahal izateko Etika Finantzarioa zertan datzan, zeintzuk diren bere barnean dauden gai garrantzitsuenak, eta zein faktore nagusiak dauden gai honetan. Azkenengoz, ondorio batzuk aurkeztuko dira, horien artean gai honek etorkizunean ikertzeko duen ibilbidea egongo delarik.

A Previdência Social no estado contemporâneo Fundamentos, financiamento e regulação

A previdência social brasileira, apesar de constituir um dos modelos mais antigos e tradicionais de proteção social da América Latina, não muito distante dos modelos europeus quanto a sua gênese, passa por momentos difíceis. Em um contexto de rápido envelhecimento populacional, acelerada redução de natalidade e novas realidades de trabalho, nas quais a mão-de-obra assalariada perde seu espaço, o modelo tradicional de cobertura, nos moldes bismarckianos, carece de revisão, de forma a não somente adequar-se às novas premissas demográficas, mas permitir uma universalidade de cobertura efetiva. Para tanto, adota-se, como fundamento de um novo modelo, a justiça social em três dimensões necessidade, igualdade e mérito. A necessidade visa atender e assegurar a qualquer pessoa, dentro das necessidades sociais cobertas, um pagamento mínimo de forma a assegurar o mínimo existencial. A dimensão da igualdade, no viés material, visa preservar nível de bem-estar compatível, em alguma medida, com o usufruído durante a vida ativa. Já o mérito individual implica fornecer prestações mais elevadas aos que, conscientemente, reduziram o consumo presente, preservando parte de suas receitas para o futuro. As duas primeiras dimensões são, na proposta apresentada, organizadas pelo Estado, em pilares compulsórios e financiados, preponderantemente, por repartição simples. O modelo de financiamento adotado, no longo prazo, tem se mostrado mais seguro e isonômico frente a modelos capitalizados. As variantes demográficas podem ser adequadas mediante novos limites de idade para aposentadorias e, em especial, estímulo a natalidade, como novos serviços da previdência social, incluindo creches e pré-escolas. O terceiro pilar, fundado no mérito individual, é a previdência complementar, organizado de forma privada, autônoma e voluntária. Aqui, o financiamento sugerido é a capitalização, de forma a priorizar o rendimento e a eficiência, com as externalidades positivas para a economia e a sociedade, com risco assumido e aceitável em razão do papel subsidiário deste pilar protetivo. Os pilares estatais, no modelo proposto, serão financiados, exclusivamente, por impostos, pondo-se fim às contribuições sociais, que perdem a importância em um modelo universal de proteção. Troca-se a solidariedade do grupo pela solidariedade social e, como conseqüência, saem as contribuições e ingressam os impostos. Mesmo o segundo pilar, que visa prestações correlacionadas com os rendimentos em atividade, será financiado por adicional de imposto de renda. Sistema mais simples, eficaz, e com estímulo à formalização da receita por parte das pessoas. A gestão do modelo previdenciário, em todos os segmentos, contará com forte regulação estatal, mas com efetiva participação dos interessados, afastadas, dentro do possível, as ingerências políticas e formas de captura. A regulação previdenciária, desde adequadamente disciplinada e executada, permitirá que os pilares propostos funcionem em harmonia.

Financial Futures Markets and Their Impact on the Real Economy in Middle and Low Income Countries

This project analyses the influence of the futures market on middle and low income countries. In it, I attempt to show that investments made by large investment funds in this market, as well as by certain pension plans, bring major consequences whose effects are more evident in less developed countries. The cornerstones of the work are as follows; to attempt to see the existing relationship between the commodity futures market and its underlying assets; analysing products such as wheat, rice and corn in-depth, because these are the most basic foodstuffs at a global level; to determine how an increase in trading in these markets can affect the lives of people in the poorest countries; to analyse investor concern regarding the consequences that their investments may have. Throughout the project we will see how large speculators use production forecasting models to determine the shortage of a commodity in order to take a position in the futures market to profit from it. In addition we will see how an increase in trading in this market causes an increase in the price of the underlying asset in the spot market. As for investor concern, I can say it is negligible, but the idea of running pension plans or investment funds that follow some social criteria has been welcomed by those interviewed, which makes me think that different legislation is possible. This legislation will only come into existence if it is demanded by the people. A fact that now becomes complicated because without a minimum financial basis, they cannot even know how the large investment funds trade with hunger in the world. The day when most people understand how large speculators profit from famine will be the day to put pressure on governments to begin to put limits on speculation. This makes financial awareness necessary in order to achieve a curb in excessive speculation.

El Venture capital como fuente de financiación del proceso emprendedor

En los últimos años la financiación de empresas de nueva creación se ha convertido en uno de los principales obstáculos para los emprendedores a la hora de poner en marcha sus ideas de negocio. La difícil situación económico-financiera actual y las características particulares de estas empresas hacen que la financiación bancaria sea una alternativa más bien inviable. Este trabajo pretende explorar otras fuentes de financiación alternativas a la bancaria que se puedan ajustar más a las características de las empresas de reciente creación y, más en concreto, estudiar el papel que ha jugado y juega el venture capital como fuente de financiación, analizando aspectos teóricos del mismo y su evolución en los últimos años para, posteriormente, desarrollar un estudio empírico que analice las características y resultados obtenidos por las empresas financiadas por venture capital en España en los últimos años.