Teachers' remarks about their salaries in 1800 in the Helvetic Republic

For centuries, teachers have complained about their salaries. In the Stapfer inquiry of 1799, some teachers made remarks about financial issues, particularly their low incomes. This inquiry is the main source for the arguments presented here regarding teachers' low salary during this period of the Helvetic Republic. The disparity between the lowest and the highest income was huge in 1799. This fact invites investigations about the people who complained. The evidence indicates incoherence between the complaints regarding low salary and the real income that was earned by these teachers. However, in order for this thesis to be wholly understood, the salaries must be explained; at the time of the Stapfer inquiry, salaries were paid in different currencies, as wages in kind and using divergent measurements. The present article aims to determine who these teachers were and why they complained. The arguments presented by the teachers shed light on the topics of political appeals, the social status of teachers in 1800 and the professionalisation of teachers.

Conjugaisons règles et instructions : mout propres et neccessairement requises pour ceux qui désirent apprendre françois, italien, espagnol et flamen ; Brève instruction contenante la manière de bien prononcer et lire le françois, italien, espagnol, et flamen ([Reprod.]) / Gabriel Meurier

Collection : Archives de la linguistique française ; 281

Arrest du Conseil d'Etat du Roy. Du 12 octobre 1700. Concernant les sucres bruts & non raffinez, provenants de l'isle de Cayenne, qui seront déchargez à Nantes & voiturez sans séjour à droiture par le bureau d'Ingrande...

[Acte. 1700-10-12. Fontainebleau]

Tapiola-ryhmän Yhtiökokousjärjestelmä-ohjelmiston määrittely ja suunnittelu

Tässä insinöörityössä selvitettiin mahdollisuuksia parantaa Tapiola-ryhmän Yhtiökokousjärjestelmä-ohjelmiston ominaisuuksia ja tietoturvallisuutta. Järjestelmää käytetään Tapiola-ryhmän vakuutusyhtiöiden yhtiökokouksiin osallistuvien osakkaiden kirjaamiseen ja heidän äänten laskentaan. Tutkimuksen perusteella tehtiin järjestelmän määrittely ja suunnittelu, joiden tuloksena syntyivät toiminnallinen ja tekninen määrittelydokumentaatio, jotka toimivat pohjana uuden Yhtiökokousjärjestelmän toteutukselle. Työ tehtiin Tapiola-ryhmälle Tieto-Tapiola Oy:n tilauksesta. Työn alussa tutkittiin erilaisia mahdollisuuksia toteuttaa järjestelmän ohjelmisto- ja tietokanta-arkkitehtuuri, joiden perusteella määrittelyä ja suunnittelua alettiin toteuttaa. Tutkimuksen perusteella päädyttiin käyttämään Java SE -arkkitehtuuria sovelluksen toteutukseen ja SQL Server -tietokantaa järjestelmän tietovarastona. Valittuihin ratkaisuihin päädyttiin niiden hyvien tietoturvallisuus- ja kertakirjausominaisuuksien takia. Toiminnallisessa määrittelydokumentissa käydään läpi järjestelmälle asetettuja vaatimuksia ja kuvataan sen toiminnot, liiketoimintaluokkamalli, käyttöliittymä ja tulosteet. Lisäksi siinä otetaan kantaa järjestelmän käyttöympäristöön, ulkoisiin tietokantaliittymiin, käyttäjän tunnistautumiseen ja tietoturvallisuuteen sekä käydään läpi sen toiminta käyttäjien näkökulmasta. Toiminnallisen määrittelydokumentin pohjalta luotiin tekninen määrittelydokumentti. Siinä kuvataan järjestelmän ympäristö ja ohjelmisto- sekä tietokanta-arkkitehtuuri yleisellä tasolla. Tämän lisäksi järjestelmän arkkitehtuuria käydään myös tarkemmin läpi sekä kuvataan moduulit ja toiminnot niin tarkasti, että niiden perusteella voidaan toteuttaa koko järjestelmä. Työn tuloksena syntyivät kattava toiminnallinen ja tekninen määrittelydokumentaatio, joissa käydään läpi kaikki järjestelmän toteuttamiseen tarvittavat elementit sillä tarkkuudella, että järjestelmän toteuttaminen voidaan aloittaa.

Intuitiosta esitykseen : Lear-prosessi itsereflektion ja katsojapalautteen valossa

My final project presents the directing process of my experimental production based on King Lear by William Shakespeare. I describe the process from the first visions of the beginning to the completed performance and finally the feedback from the audience. I concentrate on the special qualities of the production, such as interaction, small and moveable audience, cinematic qualities, polyphonic dramaturgy, and use of the video. The Project is divided into six parts. The first part introduces the project as a whole. The second part concentrates on the process before the beginning of the rehearsals. The third part focuses on the rehearsals and co-operation with the actors, whereas the fourth part deals with the performance and its special qualities. Following this, in the fifth part I study the interaction of the performance with the help of the audience feedback. In the final part conclusions are drawn. The focus of this work is the use of intuition even as a starting point of the theatre directing process. My conclusions drawn from the description of the process suggest that the starting point of the theatre production may be an intuitive vision as well as some conscious subject or message.

Luovuus ja itsetuntemus ohjaajantyössä

This research deals with obstacles and opportunities with respect to creativity. It mainly focuses on the author's most meaningful discoveries as an individual and a professional in the field of theatre during the past two years of her education. The research is a description of that transitional phase in her life. Firstly, the research discusses creativity and presence. Secondly, it describes the author personally and professionally and compares her earlier and current ways of working. It contemplates the obstacles and opportunities considering her self-knowledge and creativity, and disucsses the problems she has faced on the way to freedom and well-being. Following this, the author presents the tools for increasing her creativity, self-knowledge and body awareness in theatre work: the Gestalt Method, Acting with the Inner Partner and the Authentic Movement. She discusses the relativity between overall well-being in life and the quality of theatre work. The final section of the present research discusses the process of directing the play Suurin on rakkaus in 2006. It deals with issues such as self-knowledge in directing, group management, the importance of terror and excitement in directing and ways of enduring both. The conclusion explanes the reasons behind the author's capability of working with small groups, with creative and passionate theatre workers. It also lists the benefits of exploring one's passions, cooperating with enthusiastic and creative artists and the pursuit for balance in art and in everyday life.

TV taskussa - tänään ja tulevaisuudessa

The objective of my thesis was to find out how mobile TV service will influence TV consumption behaviour of the Finns. In particular the study focuses on the consumption behaviour of a well educated urban people. For my thesis, I provided a detailed analysis of the study results of a large scale questionnaire research FinPilot from the year 2005 based on an assignment of Nokia Ltd. In order to deepen the study results, I focused on the above mentioned group of young people with good education. The goal of the FinPilot research was to give answers to the following questions: what kind of programs, in what kind of circumstances, and for which reasons are they watched when using the mobile television service. The results of the research consisted mainly of data like figures, graphics etc. The data was explaned from the helicopter perspective, for it gave additional value to the research and consequently to my own thesis. My study offered complementary, unique information about their needs as it was based on questionnaires supplemented by individual interviews of the group members, their free comments as well as group discussions. The study results proved that mobile TV service did not increase the total TV consumption time. The time used for watching the mobile TV was significantly shorter than the time for watching the traditional TV. According to my study, the young urban people with good education are more interested to adapt the mobile TV service than the average Finns. Being eager to utilize the added value offered by the mobile TVs they are a potential target group in launching and marketing processes. On the basis of the outcome of the thesis, the future of mobile TV service seems very promising. The content and the pricing, however, have to match the user's needs and expectations. All the study results prove that there exists a social order for mobile TV service.