A manual for improving fish production in Northern Zambia through integrated farming systems

This manual was written as part of the Integrated Research in Development for Improved Livelihoods Programme in Northern Province, Zambia (IRDLP) and is primarily intended for extension agents to use with smallholder farmers engaged in semi-intensive fish farming in Northern Zambia. The IRDLP is an Irish Aid-funded project implemented by WorldFish, Harvest Plus and the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). The goal of the IRDLP is to help improve the livelihoods, health status, and food and nutrition security of resource-poor households in the Mbala and Luwingu districts in Northern Zambia, especially women and vulnerable groups. This is achieved through generating and providing evidence-based information, scientific technologies and livelihood solutions to trigger community and farmer innovations for positive change. This manual provides information on how smallholder fish farmers can improve fish production in Northern Zambia, particularly in the Luwingu and Mbala districts, through integrated farming practices.

Incidencia de ventriculitis relacionada a sistemas de derivación externa en el servicio de neurocirugía del Hospital General del Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social. Enero 2013 a Diciembre 2014

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como finalidad evaluar la incidencia de ventriculitis así como los agentes patógenos asociados en aquellos pacientes con ventriculostomía ingresados en el servicio de neurocirugía del Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social (ISSS) durante el periodo de enero de 2013 a diciembre 2014. La metodología será la recopilación de datos a través de la revisión de expedientes clínicos de pacientes ingresados en el servicio de neurocirugía que hayan sido ingresados durante el periodo de enero 2013 a diciembre 2014; y que además se les haya realizado ventriculostomía dentro de las instalaciones de la institución. Con los datos obtenidos se podrá establecer la incidencia de paciente con dicha infección, así como la flora bacteriana asociada. Será de suma importancia el resultado de datos para poder contribuir al registro estadístico de la institución, ya que la previa instrumentalización y la aplicación de sistemas derivativos ventriculares expone al paciente a correr riesgos inherentes al procedimiento quirúrgico, a saber: daño hipotalámico, sangrado, infecciones, déficit neurológico, convulsiones, obstrucción del sistema y hasta la muerte. Al finalizar la investigación se podrá contribuir con la incidencia y conocer la flora bacteriana más común asociada, para ulteriormente poder recomendar que medidas preventivas para evitar dichas infecciones deben ser fortalecidas y la actualización en el cuidado del paciente con derivaciones ventriculares externas.

LA EVALUACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD CIENTÍFICA MEDIANTE INDICADORES BIBLIOMÉTRICOS

La Ciencia como objeto de estudio ha sido abordada desde distintas perspectivas desde principios del siglo XX, cuando varios autores destacan que el pensamiento científico está en estrecha relación con la sociedad en que se desarrolla, no obstante es mediados del siglo pasado cuando la Sociología de la Ciencia concreta más dicha relación y perfila el comportamiento de la Ciencia como organización y como institución social. Mas concretamente, la obra de Bernal (1939) sobre la función social de la Ciencia, marca un importante punto de referencia al respecto al apostar por un estudio detallado de la interacción Ciencia-Sociedad.La afirmación de Maltrás (1996) de que “la Ciencia es el fenómeno cultural y social más importante de los últimos cuatro siglos” deja constancia del papel que juega la actividad científica en el desarrollo social.

Vagabundos e criminosos: o trabalho como mecanismo de poder e índice de criminalização no discurso jurídico-penal de reinserção social dos apenados

This study was a critical investigation of the configuration of discourse on work in the Brazilian criminal legal discourse. We problematized the discourse of an alleged reintegrative social function proposed by the criminal legal system and analyzed the role of such discourse in the core of disciplinary power strategies that impose on individuals the honest worker condition as a major criterion for their rehabilitation and return to society as citizens. This critique is our starting point to build the argument that discourse on work as it appears in current criminal legal texts operates more as a criminalization index of those who do not have a lawful occupation than a guarantee of legitimate social transit for convicts and recognition of their dignity. For this purpose, we used as corpus the main sources of Law, namely the Federal Constitution of 1988, the Penal Code, the Penal Execution Law, the Brazilian criminal doctrine and an extensive, more recent penal jurisprudence with regard to techniques of resocialization through work. This critical line enabled us to recognize complexity and plurality of discourses - antagonistic, at times - that build the world of work as portrayed in legal texts. We also sought reference in the discussion on the centrality of work as a formative category of the social being as well as theories that defend the non-centrality of work. Throughout our investigation, we sough to question the very condition of such centrality and to understand the ways in which it was possible to produce a legitimating discourse on work as a model of emancipatory social conduct defended and demanded by the Brazilian punitive system. In a context of precariousness, unemployment and flexibilization of the world of work in contemporary society, convicts hardly ever succeed to resume the identity of honest, hard-working citizens - and no longer offenders. In this context, we also questioned the formulation of a discourse that speaks about human labor as the essence of man and criticizes the Marxist vision that is based on work centrality, and we approached the concept of Michel Foucault, our theoretician of reference, who understands work more as a mechanism of power that promotes the individuals’ submission and adaptation to a goods-producing society than the natural activity of man. We ascribe our study to the field of questions that tackle the political conception of the body as subject to labor imposed as productive and political force. It is about the issue of political technology of individuals, a technology of power, as named by the French author. The intended analysis has not dismissed the material existence of labor relations but sought to discuss the validity of a discourse that considers work the main resource for convict rehabilitation and index for the recognition of dignity and honesty. The Foucauldian discourse analysis was the foundation for the investigation of our object, especially if we understand discourses as social practices with power to institute knowledge and produce truths.

Qualidade e responsabilidade social: implementação de um sistema integrado na cooperativa terras de felgueiras

Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão Integrada da Qualidade, Ambiente e Segurança

Leucemia linfoblástica aguda: quimioterapia intensiva versus estándar en Hospital Oncológico del Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social de Enero 2009 - Diciembre 2013

La Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda (LLA) es una enfermedad maligna caracterizada por la acumulación de linfoblastos; diagnóstico observado en el Hospital de Oncología del Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social (ISSS) sin tener hasta la fecha datos de su prevalencia y mortalidad dentro de la institución. El inicio de la quimioterapia moderna y el progreso en las herramientas diagnósticas a contribuido a aumentar la sobrevida de los pacientes con LLA con un porcentaje en adultos del 30% al 40% a nivel mundial. Muchos de estos pacientes se catalogan en pacientes de riesgo estándar y pacientes de alto riesgo previo al inicio del tratamiento quimioterapéutico basados en criterios clínicos y de laboratorio así como también inmunofenotipicos. El presente estudio será conducido en el Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social en pacientes con diagnóstico nuevo de LLA en el periodo comprendido entre enero 2009 y diciembre 2013; haciendo una estudio observacional de cohorte retrospectivo, donde se comparará la eficacia terapéutica de los dos tratamientos, esperando documentar los resultados en nuestra población e identificar la frecuencia de recaída, la sobrevida global, la sobrevida libre de progresión con solo tomar en cuenta la edad y valor de leucocitos al momento del diagnóstico en aquellos catalogados con riesgo estándar que iniciaron tratamiento quimioterapéutico convencional frente a aquellos que recibieron quimioterapia intensiva.

Relações interorganizacionais e eficiência coletiva: um estudo de caso no arranjo produtivo local de confecções do Agreste de Pernambuco

This work is a study in the Local Productive Arrangement of confections from Agreste of Pernambuco, as a relevant sector in economic and social aspect. This research has as central aim to understand how the inter-organizational relations influence the collective efficiency of arrangement. The theoretical framework employed highlights the approaches that deal with the benefits of business agglomeration for the develop­ment of firms and regions. It has discussed the approach of small and medium enter­ prises and industrial districts (SCHMITZ, 1997), which introduce the concept of col­ lective efficiency, explaining that only those externalities explained by Marshall (1996) are not sufficient to explain the competitive advantage of enterprises, expand­ing the idea that organizations achieve competitive advantage not acting alone. To examine the influences of relations in the collective efficiency, it has been taken as analytical perspective theory of social networks (GRANOVETTER, 1973, 1985; BURT, 1992; UZZI, 1997) because it has believe that this approach provides subsi­ dies for a structural analysis of social relationships in face the behavior of human ac­tion. By examining the organizations in a social network, you should understand the reason of this establishment of the relationship, their benefits, and as the information flow takes place and density of links between the actors (Powell; SMITH-DOERR, 1994). As for the methods, this study is characterized as a case study, in according to the purposed objectives, in addition to qualitative method. Also, due to recovering of the historical milestones of the arrangement, it is used a sectional approach with longitudinal perspective (VIEIRA, 2004). The primary and secondary data were used in order to understand the evolutionary process of the sector and their inter-actors re­ lationships in the arrangement for the promotion of development, for both, was used the contend and documentary analysis technique, respectively (DELLAGNELO ; SIL­VA, 2005). The approach of social networks has permitted understand that social re­lationships may extend the collective efficiency of the arrangement, and therefore need to develop policies that encourage the legalization of informal companies in ar­rangement, by showing up themselves representative. Thus, the relations estab­ lished in LPA of confections from Agreste of Pernambuco need for more effective mechanisms to broaden the collective efficiency. Therefore, this way as take place has directly benefited only a group of companies that are linked in some way the sup­portive institutions. So we can conclude that the inter-actor relations have limited the collective efficiency of LPA, being stimulated by the institutions in support only to groups of entrepreneurs, even those that produce external relations for all clustered companies

Technology assessment in Non-PTA countries: an overview of recent developments in Europe

Paper based on the text to be published in Moniz, A.B. and Okuwada, K. (2016), Technology Assessment in Japan and Europe, Karlsruhe, KIT Scientific Publishing

Strategic business plan: Strategies to make coaching for all a successful project

Coaching for all (C4all) is a project created by TESE-Associação para o Desenvolvimento or TESE-Association for development (TESE), aimed at disseminating and democratizing access to coaching methods among people seeking employment and other vulnerable groups of people. The initial results of the C4All project were well below their expectations. Therefore, we developed a Business Plan in order to understand if and how the performance of C4all can be improved. The results of our analysis suggest a number of changes that C4all need to undertake in order to survive and achieve better outcomes in the future

TORP: The Open Robot Project A Framework for Module-Based Robots

The development of robots has shown itself as a very complex interdisciplinary research field. The predominant procedure for these developments in the last decades is based on the assumption that each robot is a fully personalized project, with the direct embedding of hardware and software technologies in robot parts with no level of abstraction. Although this methodology has brought countless benefits to the robotics research, on the other hand, it has imposed major drawbacks: (i) the difficulty to reuse hardware and software parts in new robots or new versions; (ii) the difficulty to compare performance of different robots parts; and (iii) the difficulty to adapt development needs-in hardware and software levels-to local groups expertise. Large advances might be reached, for example, if physical parts of a robot could be reused in a different robot constructed with other technologies by other researcher or group. This paper proposes a framework for robots, TORP (The Open Robot Project), that aims to put forward a standardization in all dimensions (electrical, mechanical and computational) of a robot shared development model. This architecture is based on the dissociation between the robot and its parts, and between the robot parts and their technologies. In this paper, the first specification for a TORP family and the first humanoid robot constructed following the TORP specification set are presented, as well as the advances proposed for their improvement.

Functional Neuroimaging of the Social Regulation of Emotion in Schizophrenia

Negative symptoms in schizophrenia are characterized by deficits in normative experiences and expression of emotion. Social anhedonia (diminished pleasure from social experiences) is one negative symptom that may impact patients’ motivation to engage in meaningful social relationships. Past research has begun to examine the mechanisms that underlie social anhedonia, but it is unclear how this lack of social interest may impact the typically positive effects of social buffering and social baseline theory whereby social support attenuates stress. The present pilot study examines how social affiliation through hand holding is related to subjective and neural threat processing, negative symptoms, and social functioning. Twenty-one participants (14 controls; 7 schizophrenia) developed social affiliation with a member of the research staff who served as the supportive partner during the threat task. Participants displayed greater subjective benefit to holding the hand of their partner during times of stress relative to being alone or with an anonymous experimenter, as indicated by self-reported increased positive valence and decreased arousal ratings. When examining the effects of group, hand holding, and their interaction on the neurological experience of threat during the fMRI task, the results were not significant. However, exploratory analyses identified preliminary data suggesting that controls experienced small relative increases in BOLD signal to threat when alone compared to being with the anonymous experimenter or their partner, whereas the schizophrenia group results indicated subtle relative decreases in BOLD signal to threat when alone compared to either of the hand holding conditions. Additionally, within the schizophrenia group, more positive valence in the partner condition was associated with less severe negative symptoms, better social functioning, and more social affiliation, whereas less arousal was correlated with more social affiliation. Our pilot study offers initial insights about the difficulties of building and using social affiliation and support through hand holding with individuals with schizophrenia during times of stress. Further research is necessary to clarify which types of support may be more or less beneficial to individuals with schizophrenia who may experience social anhedonia or paranoia with others that may challenge the otherwise positive effects of social buffering and maintaining a social baseline.

Long-term relationship between energy consumption and GDP in Latin America: an empirical assessment using panel data

The main objetive of this research is to evaluate the long term relationship between energy consumption and GDP for some Latin American countries in the period 1980-2009 -- The estimation has been done through the non-stationary panel approach, using the production function in order to control other sources of GDP variation, such as capital and labor -- In addition to this, a panel unit root tests are used in order to identify the non-stationarity of these variables, followed by the application of panel cointegration test proposed by Pedroni (2004) to avoid a spurious regression (Entorf, 1997; Kao, 1999)

Análisis bibliométrico del desarrollo científico de las ciencias sociales en México: 1997-2006.

En el presente trabajo se presentan los resultados de una investigación realizada sobre el Área de las Ciencias Sociales en México del período 1997-2006, para conocer algunas características relevantes como su evolución histórica y productividad científica (I+D) a través del volumen de documentos generados, el idioma de publicación, el índice de productividad cronológica, temática y por Entidad Federativa, los patrones de autoría y coautoría nacionales e internacionales, citación y co-citación entre publicaciones, instituciones y sub-disciplinas científicas (frentes de investigación), entre otros, utilizando para tal fin las técnica de investigación documental: análisis bibliométrico. La producción científica en Ciencias Sociales en el período estudiado representó el 8% del total de la producción mexicana, en Humanidades se logró el 1.50% y en Ciencias Aplicadas se alcanzó el 90.5%, de acuerdo a estimaciones realizadas a través de las bases de datos Citation Index del ISI. ABSTRACT During the period 1997-2006, to learn more about some important features concerning this country's historical development and scientific productivity (R & D) through the volume of documents generated, language of publication, the productivity index chronologically, thematically and by state, the patterns of authorship and national and international co-authorship, citation and co-citation between publications, institutions and sub-disciplines in science (research fronts), among other such indicators-- using the technique of documentary research: bibliometric analysis. For scientific production within the studied period, the field of Social Sciences represented 8% of the total of the Mexican production ; the field of Humanities represented 1,50% ; and the field of Applied Sciences represented 90,5% . These were results derived according to estimations made through the Citation Index data bases of the ISI.

Terrenos de marinha: terras públicas com função social? um estudo da orla marítima de natal

This work has as its theme the social function of terrenos de marinha. Theresearch universe is the terrenos de marinha of Natal coastline, focusing on thefulfillment of its social function. Prescribed by law since the colonial period with thepurpose of protecting the coast and free movement of people and goods, theywere swathes of land not available to private use by individuals. With the transitionfrom the allotments system to the purchase and sale, regard to land access,crystallized with the creation of the Land Law in the nineteenth century, the land isheld as merchandise and terrenos de marinha, following this logic, also acquireexchange value and become capable of enjoyment by private individuals, with thecondition of tax payments to the state. This is seen until the twentieth century,when in 1988, primarily because of the Federal Constitution promulgation, begins anew cycle when is possible to use on terrenos de marinha the principle of thesocial function of property. From this perspective this study aims to identify thesocial function of terrenos de marinha in Natal, focusing on the public destinationand the use value of the city coastline. To this end, it was made a data collection inthe on-line information system of the Federal Heritage Department of Rio Grandedo Norte (SPU / RN) and in the terrenos de marinha areas, in order to find out ifthey had public or private use, or if they were empty lots, as well as if thepopulation access to the shore exist. Interviews with managers of the SPU weremade. The empirical study showed that the social function of terrenos de marinhain the city of Natal still didn´t happen, considering the constant existence of vacantlots in their areas, the lack of access in significant portions of the coastline and thereduced areas directed to common use along the coastline, minimizing its potentialof enjoyment by the population. It concludes by pointing to the existence of a newtransition phase on the terrenos de marinha, in witch, gradually, come up lawprovisions in the legal system and public policies to expand the purely taxcollection function attributed to this land for two centuries. In this direction, thesocial function of terrenos de marinha is embodied in concomitant adjustment ofthe tax collection function and the rescue of coastline use value, national heritageand a place for sociability and social relations development

Visitabilidade-vivenciabilidade em assentamentos informais : um estudo da acessibilidade de percursos urbanos no Conjunto Santa Terezinha em Fortaleza-CE

This research approaches the issue of accessibility in informal settlements, seeking for the challenges and limits defined by informal urban settings, about the application of accessibility parameters. Take the empirical universe as the Conjunto Santa Terezinha, located in Fortaleza- Ce. Initially, the study presents a reflection about the housing issue in Brazil and the informal settlementes in view of the Right to the City. In this sense, the main references are, the works of Suzanne Pasternak (2008), Nabil Bonduki (1998) and Erminia Maricato (1996-97), among others. Follows with the discussion of the concepts and classifications of this type of settlement, making a content analysis of legislation and regulations relating to accessibility and proposed the discussion of the accessible route as the right strategy for the city. In another step, the methodology of 'walking together' created by Dischinger (2000) was applied in a passage previously chosen, which the researcher follows the disabled person during the journey through city making records like photos and video. The comments and perceptions are compared to the spatial analysis of urban morphology, made from the method of Del Rio (1990) and Panerai (2006), and the parameters of NBR 9050. Knowledge of the area is enriched by the methodology of the production of space made by Henri Lefebvre in his book 'The production of space' (1974) with these categories: space conceived, perceived and lived. Another key reference of this author it s the book 'The Right to the City' (991), which allowed in-depth reflections on the social function of town. In conclusion, the study finds that to guarantee a minimum access conditions in informal sittlements it´s necessary to know the specifics of their morphology, their relations and urban practices in view of the visitability- experiencebility, describing it as complementary concepts