918 resultados para Psychology and literature


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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS

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Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Este estudo trata da relação entre gênero e orientação sexual a partir da perspectiva interacionista da Psicologia Evolucionista e da análise de diferentes elementos da sexualidade humana. Procurou-se discutir a literatura existente sobre os conceitos de gênero e de orientação sexual, com base nos quatro porquês da Etologia. Propõe-se a existência de múltiplas origens para a orientação sexual, sendo uma delas relacionada aos padrões típicos de gênero e à identidade de gênero. Isso levaria à identificação com indivíduos do mesmo sexo ou do sexo oposto e, consequentemente, à atração pelo grupo diferente daquele com o qual se desenvolveu a identificação. Essa perspectiva integra pré-disposições biológicas à análise de influências culturais, compreendendo, como complementares, vertentes teóricas usualmente tidas como contraditórias.

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O objeto desta dissertação se definiu como os princípios norteadores para uma Educação Inclusiva e a concepção de competência presente nos Projetos Pedagógicos dos cursos de formação inicial de professores de Geografia ofertados pelas IES públicas em Belém-PA. Tendo por objetivo analisar se os Projetos Pedagógicos das IES públicas de Belém-PA construíram para os cursos de licenciatura em Geografia, considerando se a proposta curricular contribui para formação do professor inclusivo a partir das competências previstas na atual legislação brasileira. Através da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental buscaremos: 1º) estabelecer um comparativo entre referenciais teóricos sobre Educação Inclusiva e competências para formação de professores e o projetos pedagógicos dos cursos de licenciatura em Geografia da UFPA e do IFPA ofertados em Belém-PA construídos a partir das prescrições das DCN para a Formação de Professores da Educação Básica; 2º) identificar o grau de alinhamento desses cursos às prescrições e orientações oficiais no que se refere ao desenvolvimento de competências para o trato à diversidade e à diferença; 3º identificar a concepção de competência adotada nos projetos pedagógicos. Constatei que o projeto pedagógico do curso de licenciatura em Geografia da UFPA adota a concepção de Educação Inclusiva como sinônimo de Educação Especial, mostrando-se limitado com relação à Educação Inclusiva mais ampla, a que atende a diversidade e a diferença. Com relação à concepção de competência, segue aquela dos DCN, fundada na psicologia genética com direcionamento para a formação de capital humano. Já o projeto pedagógico do curso de licenciatura em Geografia do IFPA, apresenta uma concepção de Educação Inclusiva capaz de desenvolver um atendimento escolar a diversidade e a diferença. Proporcionando através de várias disciplinas a discussão teórica e através de atividades acadêmicas de campo, constatar in lócus experiências de inclusão escolar. Quanto à concepção de competência, traduz-se de forma eclética, tanto traços fortes da psicologia behaviorista, quanto da psicologia genética e, alguns fragmentos da psicologia sócio-cultural.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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In special education, high skills designate people who demonstrate the capability, potential or performance in human activities, well above average. Our objective, using neuroscience to understand the early, prodigies, geniuses and high abilities as a result of a unique process of memory formation. It is a literature search, in which the works were identified, located, compiled, analyzed and blacklisted. The material was located from keywords in databases. For the compilation were used as inclusion criteria, adopted the intersection of the keywords as well as the work of researchers from education, psychology and neuroscience, published between 1966 and 2009; qualitatively analyzed 40 references, 18 articles and 22 other texts. The trajectory analysis was developed with the question: no need to explain differently the precocious prodigies, geniuses, and AH? We reached three logical propositions. We demonstrate through this exercise of course, that there would be no need to explain differently the precocious prodigies, geniuses, and AH, but conclude that there is need for such differentiation, even within the field of neuroscience, however, the statement above points to Renzulli’s theory as valid for geniuses and AH, with exceptions for early and wonders that deserve a closer look.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the importance of playfulness and interpersonal relationships at school. The methodology of the study was divided into three phases: the first phase was a survey and analysis of studies in the field of childhood playfulness and interpersonal relationships, from a reference from a multidisciplinary reference, supported in the areas of Educational Psychology and history and sociology of childhood and the second was the realization of an empirical study in a classroom of 1st year of elementary school, in which we use as instruments the use of participant observation, semistructured interviews with six selected students and collected school records and the third phase focused on analysis of data from a qualitative perspective with dialogues between literature in the area and data analysis. Among the main directions of study have the following problematizations: school world not adapted in order to enroll in elementary school, lack of playfulness, interpersonal relations in this context. By analyzing this information and the main results we have the advancement of education in the new environment where playfulness, as the jokes were not taken during the year by the teacher, but remained present in the actions of children, highlighting also the symbolism and sets of rules. Interpersonal relationships were present at all times, between being a friend, share and discuss, through the interactions. Therefore, we consider that there are still challenges to deal with this new child who enters school as it relates to your mood, the play, study or friendship

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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For centuries have studied the man in a segmented manner, which today, even with the emergence of new forms of research, holistic, we see that the influence of centuries of construction of scientific knowledge has taken root in such a way that even now with new understandings about matter and its structure pointing to systemic relations, studies are still largely dichotomized by dividing body, mind and environment. This paper is a literature review on several sources of knowledge, seeking an interdisciplinary way in physics, chemistry, biology, psychology and physical education, relate the body, mind and their interactions with the environment, building a more current concept of body. The studies showed that the physical, cognitive, emotional, social and environmental aspects involve an interaction continues between human been with the world, which changes shapes, balances and transactions, and thus human behavior. So when we speak of the body should relate all this that makes us conscious organisms in constant internal and external dynamic with the universe

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Acrylic resin is a widely used material in clinical practice, and a satisfactory biocompatibility is essential. When the resin polymerization reaction is incomplete, residual monomers are released into the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate, through a literature review, the cytotoxicity caused by the denture base acrylic resin used, and its components. The selection of published studies was performed on the Pubmed database from January 2008 to July 2013. The keywords used were: cytotoxicity and acrylic resins, cytotoxicity and denture base resins and cytotoxicity and oral prosthesis. Inclusion criteria were: in vitro studies and literature reviews published in English that evaluated the acrylic resin cytotoxicity for denture base and its components. Studies with no reference to the search strategy were excluded. A total of 182 articles were found. Among these, only 13 were included for writing this review. The MTT test is the most common test used to evaluate acrylic resin cytotoxicity. Auto-polymerized resin is more cytotoxic than heat-polymerized resin because of its higher quantity of residual monomers which cause cell and tissue changes in the oral mucosa. However, more studies are necessary for the development of biocompatible materials.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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This article aims to show that the challenges of psychology in working with mental health in the field of drugs is traversed by both the conceptions molded by biopolitical forces (FOUCAULT) as the decadence of modern democracy (AGAMBEN), and visible features in the current treatment given in Brazil to issue of smoking (SILVA), as well as urbanistic projects such as the case of Luz district in São Paulo (LEITE & CASTRO). In this sense, it leads us to question about what is prohibited, about who actually suffers the punishment, in short, about what do we really take care when we take into account the Unheimlich (FREUD) and other social interdicts (BATAILLE).