Anticiper l’avenir de la prévention basée sur le risque génétique : analyse qualitative de la perception des participants à l’étude «Dessine-moi un futur!»

En cette ère de «nouvelle santé publique», les professionnels sont exhortés à détourner leur attention de l’individu afin de pouvoir mettre l’accent sur les déterminants sociaux de la santé. Un phénomène contraire s’opère dans le domaine des sciences biomédicales, où un mouvement vers la santé personnalisée permet d’envisager des soins préventifs et curatifs adaptés à chaque individu, en fonction de son profil de risque génétique. Bien qu’elles n’aient que partiellement fait leur entrée dans notre système de santé, ces avancées scientifiques risquent de changer significativement le visage de la prévention, et dans cette foulée, de susciter des débats de société importants. L'étude proposée vise à contribuer à une réflexion sur l'avenir d'une des fonctions essentielles de la santé publique en tentant de mieux comprendre comment le public perçoit la prévention basée sur le risque génétique. Ce projet de recherche qualitative consiste en l'analyse secondaire des échanges ayant eu lieu lors de quatre ateliers délibératifs auxquels ont participé des membres du public d'horizons divers, et durant lesquels ceux-ci ont débattu de la désirabilité d'une technologie préventive fictive, le «rectificateur cardiaque». La théorie de la structuration d'Anthony Giddens est utilisée comme cadre conceptuel guidant l’analyse des échanges. Celle-ci permet d’émettre les trois constats suivants: a- le « rectificateur cardiaque » est loin d’être interprété par tous les participants comme étant une intervention préventive; b- son utilisation est perçue comme étant légitime ou non dépendamment principalement des groupes de personnes qu’elle viserait; c- l’intervention proposée ne se pense pas hors contexte.

La perception des parents non gardiens de leur lien avec leur enfant dans un contexte où les conflits parentaux perdurent à la suite de la séparation conjugale

Il est connu que de nombreux enfants vivent la séparation conjugale de leurs parents. Suite à cette séparation, les enfants vivent majoritairement avec leur mère (parent gardien), tout en maintenant des liens avec leur père (parent non gardien). Bien que les principes de droit suggèrent que l’enfant ait le droit de préserver des liens avec chacun de ses parents à la suite de la séparation conjugale, ces liens ne sont plus assurés sur une base quotidienne et peuvent être affectés. Vivant la séparation de ses parents, l’enfant peut être exposé aux conflits parentaux puisque la séparation peut augmenter leur intensité. L’objectif de ce mémoire est de mieux comprendre la perception des parents non gardiens de leur lien avec leur enfant dans un contexte où les conflits parentaux perdurent à la suite de la séparation conjugale. Un sous-objectif est de documenter les facteurs qui influencent les liens entre les parents non gardiens et leur enfant à la suite de la séparation conjugal. Pour ce faire, des entrevues individuelles semi-directives ont été effectuées auprès de huit parents non gardiens. Une analyse de contenu thématique concernant leur perspective sur l’objet de recherche a été effectuée. Selon la perspective des parents non gardiens, les résultats montrent que la qualité de la relation entre eux et leur enfant se maintient positivement. Le facteur le plus prédominant est les conflits parentaux post-séparation. Il en ressort qu’ils alimentent d’autres facteurs, tels que les modalités de garde d’enfant et droits d’accès, la fréquence de contacts entre les parents non gardiens et leur enfant, les comportements des enfants à l’égard de leur parent non gardien, l’engagement parental des parents non gardiens ainsi que la relation parentale post-séparation.

La perception naïve non native des voyelles nasales du portugais

Les adultes peuvent éprouver des difficultés à discriminer des phonèmes d’une langue seconde (L2) qui ne servent pas à distinguer des items lexicaux dans leur langue maternelle (L1). Le Feature Model (FM) de Brown (1998) propose que les adultes peuvent réussir à créer des nouvelles catégories de sons seulement si celles-ci peuvent être construites à partir de traits distinctifs existant dans la L1 des auditeurs. Cette hypothèse a été testée sur plusieurs contrastes consonantiques dans différentes langues; cependant, il semble que les traits qui s’appliquent sur les voyelles n’aient jamais été examinés dans cette perspective et encore moins les traits qui opèrent à la fois dans les systèmes vocalique et consonantique et qui peuvent avoir un statut distinctif ou non-distinctif. Le principal objectif de la présente étude était de tester la validité du FM concernant le contraste vocalique oral-nasal du portugais brésilien (PB). La perception naïve du contraste /i/-/ĩ/ par des locuteurs du français, de l’anglais, de l’espagnol caribéen et de l’espagnol conservateur a été examinée, étant donné que ces quatre langues diffèrent en ce qui a trait au statut de la nasalité. De plus, la perception du contraste non-naïf /e/-/ẽ/ a été inclus afin de comparer les performances dans la perception naïve et non-naïve. Les résultats obtenus pour la discrimination naïve de /i/-/ĩ/ a permis de tirer les conclusions suivantes pour la première exposition à un contraste non natif : (1) le trait [nasal] qui opère de façon distinctive dans la grammaire d’une certaine L1 peut être redéployé au sein du système vocalique, (2) le trait [nasal] qui opère de façon distinctive dans la grammaire d’une certaine L1 ne peut pas être redéployé à travers les systèmes (consonne à voyelle) et (3) le trait [nasal] qui opère de façon non-distinctive dans la grammaire d’une certaine L1 peut être ou ne pas être redéployé au statut distinctif. En dernier lieu, la discrimination non-naïve de /e/-/ẽ/ a été réussie par tous les groupes, suggérant que les trois types de redéploiement s’avèrent possibles avec plus d’expérience dans la L2.

Return and Volatility performance comparison of Ethical and Non-ethical publicly-listed financial services companies

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Il était une fois une cible et un distracteur : électrophysiologie des mécanismes corticaux de l'attention visuelle en perception et en mémoire.

Cet ouvrage explore en trois volets des aspects du traitement attentionnel de cibles et de distracteurs visuels ainsi que leur mesures électrophysiologiques. Le premier chapitre aborde le traitement attentionnel spécifique à la cible et aux distracteurs durant une recherche visuelle. La division de la N2pc en une NT et une PD remet en question la théorie proposant qu'il existe systématiquement une activité attentionnelle liée à un distracteur saillant, car un distracteur vert ne provoque aucune activité latéralisée propre. Le second chapitre aborde la question de la latéralisation des structures responsables du maintient et de la récupération d'information en mémoire visuelle à court-terme. En utilisant un paradigme de latéralisation de la cible et du distracteur, il nous est possible de vérifier qu'il existe une composante latéralisée négative dans la région temporale, la TCN, propre à la cible lors du rappel en mémoire. De plus, on observe également une composante latéralisée pour le distracteur sur la partie postérieure du crâne. Ces deux éléments convergent pour indiquer qu'il existe une latéralisation des structures activées lors de la récupération de l'information en mémoire visuelle à court-terme en fonction de l'hémichamps où se trouve la cible ou le distracteur. Enfin, dans le troisième chapitre, il est question de l'effet sur le déploiement attentionnel de l'ajout de distracteurs gris de faible saillance autour de cibles potentielles. L'ajout de ces distracteurs augmente la difficulté d'identification de la cible. Cette difficulté provoque un déplacement de l'activité de la N2pc vers la fenêtre de temps associée à la composante Ptc. Un nombre plus important de distracteurs gris entraîne une plus grande proportion de l'activité à être retardée. Également, les distracteurs gris qui sont placés entre les cibles potentielles provoquent un retard plus important que les distracteurs placés hors de cette région. Au cours de cette thèse, la question de la saillance attentionnelle des différentes couleurs durant une recherche visuelle est récurente. Nous observons une plus grande saillance du rouge par rapport au vert quand ils sont distracteurs et le vert est plus difficile à distinguer du gris que le jaune.

Romantic attachment and perception of partner support to explain psychological aggression perpetrated in couples seeking couples therapy

Essai doctoral présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l’obtention du grade de Docteur en psychologie (D.Psy.), option clinique

Une réflexion philosophique inédite sur le web : lecture de "L'être et l'écran. Comment le numérique change la perception" de Stéphane Vial (Puf 2013)

[« L'être et l'écran » de Stéphane Vial] ne se limite pas à revendiquer le droit des philosophes, un droit désormais reconnu, à s'occuper de web, d'applications, d’algorithmes et d'interfaces : il va bien au-delà de cette constatation pour encadrer l'ensemble des instruments techniques qui engendrent le web dans la pertinence d'une analyse philosophique, voire phénoménologique, qui les prend en compte en tant qu'instruments « phénoménotechniques », instruments qui « font le monde et nous le donne » et déterminent « la qualité de notre expérience d'exister. [...]

Perception, aperception et conscience chez Leibniz

Cet article propose une interprétation de certains passages qui posent un problème de cohérence dans la théorie leibnizienne de la perception et de l’aperception. C’est le cas notamment d’un passage des Nouveaux essais sur l’entendement humain (1704), qui accorde aux animaux l’aperception, et du quatrième paragraphe des Principes de la Nature et de la Grâce (1710), où Leibniz semble plutôt faire coïncider aperception et réflexion, celle-ci étant pourtant réservée aux esprits raisonnables ailleurs dans son œuvre. Afin d’éviter la contradiction, notre interprétation donne une crédibilité particulière au passage des Nouveaux essais en défendant l’idée que Leibniz accorde l’aperception aux animaux, mais réserve la réflexion aux esprits. Nous tâcherons aussi de rendre évident comment certains passages semblant contredire cette position peuvent néanmoins être interprétés en ce sens.

Farm Programmes of Electronic Media: A Comparative Study of Audience Perception in Kerala

Farm communication and extension programs are vital part of the farm development attempts. Electronic media plays a major role in farm extension activities. Kerala, the consumer state, which was a complete agricultural state in pre-independence period, is the sprouting land of agricultural extension and publication activities in print media. Later AIR (All India Radio) farm programs and farm broadcasting of Doordarshan enriched the role of electronic media in farm extension activities. The media saturated southern state of India received this new electronic media farm communication revolution whole heartedly. However, after 1990, Kerala witnessed a flood of private T V channels and currently there are 24 channels in this regional language, named Malayalam. All major news and entertainment channels are broadcasting farm programs. Farm programs of AIR and Doordarshan, broadcasted in Malayalam language, have been well accepted to the farmers‘ in Kerala. However, post-independence period, witnessed the formation of Kerala state in Indian Union and the first ballot-elected communist Government started its administration. After the land reform bills, the state witnessed a gradual decrease in agricultural production. Even if it is not reflected much in the attitude and practices of farm community and farm broadcast of traditional electronic broadcasting, a change is observable after the post-liberalization era of India. Private Television channels, which were focused on entertainment value of programs, started broadcasting farm programs and the parameters of program production went through certain changes. In this situation, there is ample relevance for a study about the farm programs of electronic media in terms of a comparative study of audience perception. The study is limited in the state of Kerala as it is the most media saturated state in India. The study analyzes the rate, nature and scope of adoption of farming methods transmitted through electronic media (T.V. and Radio) in Malayalam language.All kinds of Farm programs including comprehensive program serials, success stories, seasonal cropping methods, experts opinion, been analyzed on the basis of the following objectives.  To find whether propagating new farm methods through farm programs in electronic media or the availability of adequate infrastructure and economic factors make a farmer to adopt a new farming method.  To find which electronic media has more influence on farmers to adopt agricultural programs.  To find which form of electronic media gets better feedback from farmers  To find out whether the programs of T.V. or Radio is more acceptable to farmers than the print media.  To find whether farmers gets the message through their preferred medium for the message. The researcher recorded opinions from a panel of agricultural officers, farm Information officers, agro extension researchers and experts. According to their opinions and guidelines, a pilot study is designed and conducted in Kanjikuzhy Panchayath, in Alappuzha district, Kerala. The Panchayath is selected by considering its ideal nature of being the sample for a social Science research. Besides, the nature of farming in the Panchayath, which devoid of the cultivation of cash crops also supported its sample value. As per the observations from the pilot study, researcher confirmed the Triangulation method as the methodology of research. The questionnaire survey, being the primary part contained 42 Questions with 6 independent and 32 dependent variables. The survey is conducted among 400 respondents in Idukki, Alappuzha and Pathanamthitta districts considering geographical differences and distribution of different types of crops. The response from a total of 360 respondents, 120 from each district, finally selected for tabulation and data analysis.The data analysis, based on percentage analysis, along with the results from focus group discussion among a selected group of 20 farmers, together produced the results as follows. Farmers, who are the audience of farm programs, have a very serious approach towards the medium. They are maintaining a critical point of view towards the content of the programs. Farmers are reasonably aware about the financial side of the programs and the monitory aspirations of both private and Government owned Television channels. Even though, the farmers are not aware on the technical terminology and jargons, they have ideas about success stories, program serials and they are even informed about channels are not maintaining an audience research section like AIR. Though the farmers accept Doordarshan as the credential source of farm information and methods, they are inclined to the entertainment value of programs too. They prefer to have more entertainment value for the programs of Doordarshan. Surprisingly, they have very solid suggestions on even about the shots which add entertainment value to the farm broadcasting methods of Doordarshan. Farmers are very much aware about the fact that media is just an instrument for inspiration and persuasion. They strongly believe that the source of information and new methods is agricultural research and an effective change happens only when there are adequate infrastructure and marketing facilities, along with the proper support from Government agricultural guideline and support systems like Krishi Bhavans. They strongly believe that media alone cannot create any magic in increasing agricultural production. Farmers are pointing out the lack of response to the feedback and queries of farmers on farming methods, as an evidence for the difference in levels of commitment of Government and private owned Television channels.Farmers are still perceiving AIR farm programs are far more committed to farmers and farming than any other electronic medium. However, they are seriously lacking Radio receivers with medium wave reception facility. Farmers perceive that the farming methods on new crops are more adoptable than the farming methods of traditional crops in both private and Government owned Television channels. There are multiple factors behind this observation from farmers. Farmers changed in terms of viewing habits and they prefer success stories, which are totally irrelevant and they even think that such stories encourage people to go for farming and they opined that such stories are good sources of inspiration. However, they are all very much sure about the importance and particular about the presence of entertainment factor even in farm programs. Farmers expect direct interaction of any expert of the new farming method to implement the method in their agriculture practices. Though introduction of a new idea in the T.V. is acceptable, farmers need the direct instruction of expert on field to start implementing the new farming practices Farmers still have an affinity towards print media reports and agricultural pages and they have complaints to print media on the removal of agricultural information pages from news papers. They prefer the reports in print media as it facilitates them to collect and refer articles when they need it. Farmers are having an eye of doubt about the credibility of farm programs by private T.V. channels. Even if they prefer private Television channels for listening and adopting new farming methods and other farm information, they scrutinize programs to know whether they are sponsored programs by agrochemical or agro-fertilizer manufacturer.

Price, profitability and employment in the handloom industry in kerala

The present study is on the nature, problems and prospects of the handloom industry in Kerala. The problems of the industry are mostly in the nature of low earnings of the workers, underutilisation of the existing capacity and low profit in its various sectors. The majority of the handloom co-operative societies are either dormant or facing liquidation. The income and employment of weavers are so pitiably low that they are living in utter poverty and starvation. Frequent price fluctuations of yarns, dyes and chemicals increase the cost of production and reduce the profitability. Consequently handloom fabrics are not able to compete with mill cloths and powerloom products. Accumulating the unsold stocks in the godowns of co-operative societies and with master weavers has become the practice of the day. Spinning mills in Kerala are producing only lower counts of yarns. S, handloom industry has to depend on textile mills in Tamil Nadu for higher counts of yarn. They create artificial scarcity and increase the prices exflorbitantly. Wage rates prevailing in Kerala are higher than those in Tamil Hadu. So rich master weavers are migrating to Tamil.Nadu and exporting the fabrics. under the label 'Kera1a Handlooms'. Governmental efforts to tackle the crisis by way of rebates and subsidies are found to be futile.

Establishment of Shrimp Cell Lines: Perception and Orientation

Development of continuous shrimp cell lines for effective investigation on shrimp viruses remains elusive with an arduous history of over 25 years. Despite presenting challenges to researchers in developing a cell line, the billion dollar aquaculture industry is under viral threat. Advances in molecular biology and various gene transfer technologies for immortalization of cells have resulted in the development of hundreds of cell lines from insects and mammals, but yet not a single cell line has been developed from shrimp and other marine invertebrates. Though improved growth and longevity of shrimp cells in vitro could be achieved by using modified growth media this did not make any leap to spontaneous transformation; probably due to the fact that shrimp cells inhibited neoplastic transformations. Oncogenic induction and immortalization are considered as the possible ways, and an exclusive medium for shrimp cell culture and an appropriate mode of transformation are crucial. In this review status of shrimp cell line development and its future orientation are discussed

Standard of Living and Community Perception in the Community Based Ecotourism (CBET) Sites of Kerala: An Inter Zone Analysis

This study is an attempt to situate the quality of life and standard of living of local communities in ecotourism destinations inter alia their perception on forest conservation and the satisfaction level of the local community. 650 EDC/VSS members from Kerala demarcated into three zones constitute the data source. Four variables have been considered for evaluating the quality of life of the stakeholders of ecotourism sites, which is then funneled to the income-education spectrum for hypothesizing into the SLI framework. Zone-wise analysis of the community members working in tourism sector shows that the community members have benefited totally from tourism development in the region as they have got both employments as well as secured livelihood options. Most of the quality of life-indicators of the community in the eco-tourist centres show a promising position. The community perception does not show any negative impact on environment as well as on their local culture.

A Study on Futures Trading in Commodities With Special Reference to Rubber

Futures trading in Commodities has three specific economic functions viz. price discovery, hedging and reduction in volatility. Natural rubber possesses all the specifications required for futures trading. Commodity futures trading in India attained momentum after the starting of national level commodity exchanges in 2003. The success of futures trading depends upon effective price risk management, price discovery and reduced volatility which in turn depends upon the volume of trading. In the case of rubber futures market, the volume of trading depends upon the extent of participation by market players like growers, dealers, manufacturers, rubber marketing co-operative societies and Rubber Producer’s Societies (RPS). The extent of participation by market players has a direct bearing on their awareness level and their perception about futures trading. In the light of the above facts and the review of literature available on rubber futures market, it is felt that a study on rubber futures market is necessary to fill the research gap, with specific focus on (1) the awareness and perception of rubber futures market participants viz. (i) rubber growers, (ii) dealers, (iii) rubber product manufacturers, (iv) rubber marketing co-operative societies and Rubber Producer’s Societies (RPS) about futures trading and (2) whether the rubber futures market is fulfilling the economic functions of futures market viz. hedging, reduction in volatility and price discovery or not. The study is confined to growers, dealers, rubber goods manufacturers, rubber marketing co-operative societies and RPS in Kerala. In order to achieve the stated objectives, the study utilized secondary data for the period from 2003 to 2013 from different published sources like bulletins, newsletters, circulars from NMCE, Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Warehousing Corporation and traders. The primary data required for this study were collected from rubber growers, rubber dealers, RPS & Rubber Marketing Co-operative Societies and rubber goods manufacturers in Kerala. Data pertaining to the awareness and perception of futures trading, participation in the futures trading, use of spot and futures prices and source of price information by dealers, farmers, manufacturers and cooperative societies also were collected. Statistical tools used for analysis include percentage, standard deviation, Chi-square test, Mann – Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis test, Augmented Dickey – Fuller test statistic, t- statistic, Granger causality test, F- statistic, Johansen co – integration test, Trace statistic and Max –Eigen statistic. The study found that 71.5 per cent of the total hedges are effective and 28.5 per cent are ineffective for the period under study. It implies that futures market in rubber reduced the impact of price risks by approximately 71.5 per cent. Further, it is observed that, on 54.4 per cent occasions, the futures market exercised a stabilizing effect on the spot market, and on 45.6 per cent occasions futures trading exercised a destabilizing effect on the spot market. It implies that elasticity of expectation of futures market in rubber has a predominant stabilizing effect on spot prices. The market, as a whole, exhibits a bias in favour of long hedges. Spot price volatility of rubber during futures suspension period is more than that of the pre suspension period and post suspension period. There is a bi-directional association-ship or bi-directional causality or pair- wise causality between spot price and futures price of rubber. From the results of the hedging efficiency, spot price volatility, and price discovery, it can be concluded that rubber futures market fulfils all the economic functions expected from a commodity futures market. Thus in India, the future of rubber futures is Bright…!!!

The empirical study of the price mechanism in the Chinese housing market

In China, the history of the establishment of the private housing market is pretty short. Actually in less then two decades, the market has grown from almost the scratch to playing an important role in the economy. A great achievement! But many problems also exist. They need to be properly addressed and solved. Price problem---simply put, housing price is too high--- is one of them, and this paper is focused on it. Three basic questions are posed, i.e. (1) how to judge the housing affordability? (2) why the housing price is so high? (3) how to solve the housing price problem. The paper pays particular attention to answering the second question. Except the numerous news reports and surveys show that most of the ordinary city dwellers complained about the high housing price, the mathematical means, the four ratios, are applied to judge the housing affordability in Shanghai and Shenzhen. The results are very clear that the price problem is severe. So why? Something is wrong with the price mechanism. This research shows that mainly these five factors contribute to the price problem: the housing reform, the housing development model, the unbalanced housing market, the housing project financing and the poor governmental management. Finally the paper puts forward five suggestions to solve the housing price problem in first-hand private Chinese housing market. They include: the establishment of real estate information system, the creation of specific price management department, the government price regulation, the property tax and the legalization of "cushion money".