Comparison of pelvic floor muscle strength evaluations in nulliparous and primiparous women: a prospective study

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the pelvic floor muscle strength of nulliparous and primiparous women.METHODS: A total of 100 women were prospectively distributed into two groups: Group 1 (G1) (n = 50) included healthy nulliparous women, and Group 2 (G2) (n = 50) included healthy primiparous women. Pelvic floor muscle strength was subjectively evaluated using transvaginal digital palpation. Pelvic floor muscle strength was objectively assessed using a portable perineometer. All of the parameters were evaluated simultaneously in G1 and were evaluated in G2 during the 20(th) and 36(th) weeks of pregnancy and 45 days after delivery.RESULTS: In G2, 14 women were excluded because they left the study before the follow-up evaluation. The median age was 23 years in G1 and 22 years in G2; there was no significant difference between the groups. The average body mass index was 21.7 kg/m(2) in G1 and 25.0 kg/m(2) in G2; there was a significant difference between the groups (p = 0.0004). In G2, transvaginal digital palpation evaluation showed significant impairments of pelvic floor muscle strength at the 36(th) week of pregnancy (p = 0.0006) and 45 days after vaginal delivery (p = 0.0001) compared to G1. Objective evaluations of pelvic floor muscle strength in G2 revealed a significant decrease 45 days after vaginal delivery compared to nulliparous patients.CONCLUSION: Pregnancy and vaginal delivery may cause weakness of the pelvic floor muscles.

Vaginal weight cone versus assisted pelvic floor muscle training in the treatment of female urinary incontinence. A prospective, single-blind, randomized trial

Vaginal weight cone (VWC) versus assisted pelvic floor muscle training (APFMT) in the treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) in women.One hundred three incontinent women were randomly distributed into two groups: group G1 (n = 51) treated with VWC and G2 (n = 52), APFMT. The following parameters were performed initially and after treatment: (1) clinical questionnaire, (2) visual analogue scale (VAS), (3) 60-min pad test, and (4) subjective and objective assessment of pelvic floor muscle (PFM).There was a significant decrease in nocturia and urine loss after treatment in both groups (p < 0.05). In VAS, there was a significant improvement of all parameters in both groups (p < 0.05). The pad test showed significant decrease in both groups (p < 0.05). There was a significant increase of PFM strength in both groups (p < 0.05).There was no difference between groups treated with VWC and APFMT.

Experimental model of bladder instability in rabbits

OBJECTIVE: Propose a new experimental model of bladder instability in rabbits after partial bladder obstruction. MATERIALS and METHODS: Thirty North Folk male rabbits, weighting 1,700 to 2,820 g (mean: 2,162 g) were studied. The animals were distributed in 2 experimental groups, formed by 15 rabbits each: Group 1 - clinical control. In this group there was no surgical intervention; Group 2 - bladder outlet obstruction. In this group, after anesthetizing the animal, urethral cannulation with Foley catheter 10F was performed and then an adjustable plastic bracelet was passed around the bladder neck. It was then adjusted in order to not constrict the urethra. The following parameters were studied in M1 - pre-operative period; M2 - 4 weeks post-operatively moments: 1)- urine culture; 2)- cystometric study; 3)- serum creatinine and BUN. RESULTS: Bladder weight was 2.5 times larger in the group with obstruction than in the control group. Cystometric evaluation showed a significant increase in maximal vesical volume in the final moment at Group G2. However, there was no statistically significant difference among the groups studied. There was no statistically significant difference between maximal detrusor pressure and vesical compliance in the different moments or in the studied groups. There was an absence of uninhibited detrusor contractions in all the animals in group 1, and involuntary contractions were detected in 93% of group 2 animals. There was no significant variation in BUN and serum creatinine either among the groups or in the same group. CONCLUSIONS: We observed in the group with obstruction a bladder weight 2.5 higher than normal bladders. We detected involuntary contractions in 93% of the animals in group 2, establishing this experimental model as appropriate to secondary bladder instability and partial bladder outlet obstruction.

Clinical and quality-of-life outcomes after autologous fascial sling and tension-free vaginal tape: a prospective randomized trial

Purpose: Evaluate the impact autologous fascial sling (AFS) and tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedures on quality-of-life in incontinent women. Materials and Methods: Forty-one women were randomly distributed into two groups. Group G1 (n = 21), underwent AFS and group G2 (n = 20) TVT implant. The clinical follow up was performed at 1, 6, 12 and 36 months. Results: TVT operative time was significantly shorter than AFS. Cure rates were 71% at 1 month, 57% at 6 and 12 months in G1. In G2, cure rates were 75% at 1 month, 70% at 6 months and 65% at 12 months; there was no significant difference between groups. As regards the satisfaction rate, there was no statistical difference between groups. Analysis of quality of life at 36 months revealed that there was no significant difference between groups. Conclusion: Similar results between AFS and TVT, except for operative time were shorter in TVT.

Modified stabilization method for the tibial tuberosity advancement technique: a biomechanical study

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Biocompatibilidade e biodegradabilidade de micropartículas de poli-lactato-co-glicolato na ceratite infecciosa em coelhos

Avaliaram-se a biocompatibilidade e a biodegradabilidade do sistema de liberação controlada de poli-lactato-co-glicolato (PLGA) no tratamento com ciprofloxacina das ceratites por Staphylococcus aureus em coelhos. Foram utilizados 20 coelhos, distribuídos em quatro grupos (G). Os animais dos G1, G3 e G4 foram inoculados com 2,5µL da bactéria - 108UFC, no estroma corneano. Os do G2 não receberam a aplicação do inóculo. O tratamento foi realizado com solução salina básica para os animais do G1, micropartículas de PLGA contendo ciprofloxacina nos animais dos G2 e G4 e colírio de ciprofloxacina naqueles do G3. Suabe e biópsia da superfície ocular foram coletados para cultura. Apenas um animal do G1 apresentou cultura positiva para S. aureus. Exame histológico revelou a presença bacteriana em todos os animais do G1 e em dois animais do G3. Também foi constatada reação inflamatória no local da aplicação do sistema de liberação controlada. O tratamento com micropartículas de PLGA foi eficiente no tratamento de ceratites bacterianas, ao eliminar por completo a presença do S. aureus, mas entretanto não foi completamente biocompatível e biodegradável após cinco dias.

Mechanical resistance of the modified stabilization method for the tibial tuberosity advancement technique: ex vivo experimental study in dogs

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Comparação de diferentes doses de colagenase em modelo de indução de tendinite para eqüinos: estudo clínico e ultra-sonográfico

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Gait analysis in clinically healthy sheep from three different age groups using a pressure-sensitive walkway

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da produção de leite e contagem de células somáticas em bovinos leiteiros suplementads com Saccharomyces cerevisiae como fonte de zinco orgânico

The aim of the evaluation of milk production and somatic cell count of dairy cow supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a source of organic zinc for 180 days, 25 Holstein cows were selected, randomly chosen from a flock of 189 lactating cows. The animals were distributed in two groups, namely group 1 (G1) which holded 10 cows supplemented and group 2 (G2) with 15 animals without supplementation. The production of milk was measured by the control official milkman of the Assocition Paranaense of Creators of Bovine of the Holstein in seven moments during the 180 days. The samples of milk were collected of each animal, being submitted to the electronic counting of somatic cells. The results demonstrate that the supplemented of organic zinc didn't alter the production of milk, however it was capable to maintain low the counting of somatic cells. The data of the present work suggest that to use supplemented of organic zinc in the diet of cows milk, increase the quality of the produced milk and consequently the remuneration for the producer.

Valores séricos de cálcio, fósforo, sódio, potássio e proteínas totais em caprinos fêmeas da raça Parda Alpina

Por ser de grande importância o conhecimento de valores séricos referenciais do mineralograma e do proteinograma, a sua utilização na medicina veterinária, e a escassez de trabalhos brasileiros relacionados à espécie caprina, este estudo objetivou determinar e comparar os níveis séricos de cálcio, fósforo, sódio, potássio e proteínas (proteína total, albumina, globulina e a relação albumina/globulina) em caprinos fêmeas da raça Parda Alpina, em três idades diferentes. Foram utilizadas 30 fêmeas caprinas da raça Parda Alpina criadas em regime intensivo, sendo separadas em três grupos: Grupo 1 - 10 fêmeas jovens com idade de quatro meses; Grupo 2 - 10 fêmeas adultas jovens com idade de 18 meses; Grupo 3 - 10 fêmeas adultas lactantes com idade de 24 a 60 meses. Os animais foram avaliados por meio de exames clínico e coproparasitológico. Foram encontrados os seguintes valores médios de cálcio, fósforo, sódio e potássio no grupo G1: 10,10± 1,70, 10,13± 2,04, 151± 3,30 e 5,16± 0,41; no grupo G2: 10,36± 0,94, 7,49± 1,34, 145,9± 3,35 e 4,56± 0,48; e para o grupo G3: 9,47± 1,45, 5,90± 1,21, 153,3± 5,17 e 4,20± 0,55. Para as variáveis proteína total sérica, albumina, globulina e relação albumina/globulina foram encontrados os seguintes valores médios, para o grupo G1: 6,29± 0,94, 3,5± 10,41, 2,78± 0,95 e 1,40± 0,48; para o grupo G2: 7,27± 0,73, 4,92± 1,06, 3,06± 0,56, 1,43± 0,44; e para o grupo G3: 7,14± 0,84, 3,70± 0,20, 3,44± 0,79 e 1,14± 0,30. A análise estatística dos dados demonstra que existe influência da faixa etária nas variáveis fósforo, sódio, potássio, proteína total e albumina.

Concentração do zinco sérico em vacas leiteiras suplementadas com Saccharomyces cerevisiae, portadoras ou não de lesões podais

The present study was conducted to evaluate bovine serum zinc concentration in animals with and without hoof lesions, supplemented or not with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an organic zinc source. The supplementation was carried out during 180 days. Forty-five Holstein cows were randomly chosen from a dairy herd of 189 lactating cows. The animals were distributed in three groups. In G1, 20 heifers with foot lesions were fed a diet supplemented with S. cerevisae. In G2, 10 heifers without hoof lesions were fed a diet with supplementation. In G3, 15 heifers with hoof lesions were fed a diet without supplementation. Serum samples were collected on day 0, 90 and 180, after the beginning of the experiment. Serum zinc concentration was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The results showed there not to be an increase significant serum of zinc among the groups, and in the animals inside of the group 1 (G1) it happened an increase (P<0,01) of the concentration of zinc (0,84 for 1,16 mu g/mL). The oral supplementation of organic zinc didn't increase the concentration serum of zinc, although in the last 90 days of the experiment it has happened an elevation of the value serum of zinc in the groups supplemented.

Incidence of Campylobacter in pigs with and without diarrhea

Um total de 200 suínos (1 - 21 semanas de idade), originários de cinco criações localizadas no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil foi dividido em dois grupos de 100 animais caracterizando-se o grupo G1 de animais com diarréia e G2, sem diarréia. Campylobacter foi isolado em 43% das amostras provenientes de G1 e 34% de G2. O microrganismo foi mais frequentemente encontrado em leitões na faixa de 0 a 4 semanas de idade. Campylobacter coli foi a espécie mais comumente observada em G1 (44,2%) e em G2 (32,4%), seguido por Campylobacter jejuni/ coli com 16,3% em G1 e 23,5% em G2. As contagens de Campylobacter foram significativamente maiores (p < 0,01) em G1 ( £ 108 UFC/g) do que em G2 (£ 104 UFC/g), fato que sugere que o microrganismo pode, pelo menos, atuar no agravamento do processo diarréico.

Evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii placental transmission in BALB/c mice model

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

An in vitro growth inhibition test for measuring the potency of Leptospira spp. Sejroe group vaccine in buffaloes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)