The Lateral Trigger Probability function for the Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray showers detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory

In this paper we introduce the concept of Lateral Trigger Probability (LTP) function, i.e., the probability for an Extensive Air Shower (EAS) to trigger an individual detector of a ground based array as a function of distance to the shower axis, taking into account energy, mass and direction of the primary cosmic ray. We apply this concept to the surface array of the Pierre Auger Observatory consisting of a 1.5 km spaced grid of about 1600 water Cherenkov stations. Using Monte Carlo simulations of ultra-high energy showers the LTP functions are derived for energies in the range between 10(17) and 10(19) eV and zenith angles up to 65 degrees. A parametrization combining a step function with an exponential is found to reproduce them very well in the considered range of energies and zenith angles. The LTP functions can also be obtained from data using events simultaneously observed by the fluorescence and the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory (hybrid events). We validate the Monte Carlo results showing how LTP functions from data are in good agreement with simulations.

Tectono-sedimentary evolution of the ’Numidian Formation’ and Lateral Facies (southern branch of the western Tethys): constraints for central-western Mediterranean geodynamics

The origin of the Numidian Formation (latest Oligocene to middle Miocene), characterized by ultra-mature quartzose arenites with abundant well-rounded frosted quartz grains, remains controversial. This formation, sedimented in the external domain of the Maghrebian Flysch Basin, displays three characteristic stratigraphic members with marked longitudinal (proximal–distal) and transverse (along-chain) variations with palaeogeographical importance. The origin of the Numidian supply is related to the outward tectogenetic propagation when a forebulge evolved in the African foreland, leading to the erosion of African cratonic areas rich in quartzose arenites (Nubian Sandstone-like). The ages of the Numidian Formation checked by Betic, Maghrebian and Southern Apennine data suggest a timing for the accretionary orogenic wedge, earlier in the Betic-Rifian Arc (after middle Burdigalian), later in the Algerian-Tunisian Tell (after late Burdigalian) and afterwards in Sicily and the Southern Apennines (after Langhian). A geodynamic evolutionary model for the central-western Mediterranean is proposed.

Acceleration and Deflection Analysis for Class C Edge Protection Systems in Construction Work

The requirements for edge protection systems on most sloped work surfaces (class C, according to EN 13374-2013 code) in construction works are studied in this paper. Maximum deceleration suffered by a falling body and maximum deflection of the protection system were analyzed through finite-element models and confirmed through full-scale experiments. The aim of this work is to determine which value for deflection system entails a safe deceleration for the human body. This value is compared with the requirements given by the current version of EN 13374-2013. An additional series of experiments were done to determine the acceleration linked to minimum deflection required by code (200 mm) during the retention process. According to the obtained results, a modification of this value is recommended. Additionally, a simple design formula for this falling protection system is proposed as a quick tool for the initial steps of design.

The functional significance of the hypocercal tail and lateral fin fold of Anaspid ostracoderms / James A. Hopson --.

v.33:no.5(1974)

Vehicle shoulder encroachment and lateral placement study. Final report.

Mode of access: Internet.

Review of chest deflection measurement techniques and transducers. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.

Design criteria for lateral dikes in estuaries /

At head of title: "Repair, Evaluation, Maintenance, and Rehabilitation Research Program."

Lateral electronic guidance system for vehicles.

Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.

Movable concrete median barrier: risk analysis of deflection into opposing traffic.

Federal Highway Administration, Office of Research, Development, and Technology, Washington, D.C.

Effects of load, inflation pressure and tire deflection on truck tire noise levels. Final report.

Transportation Department, Office of Noise Abatement, Washington, D.C.

Evaluation of a noncontact displacement gage for measurement of anthropometric dummy chest deflection. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Evaluation of front seat back force/deflection characteristics. Final report.

Mode of access: Internet.

Development and evaluation of Hybrid III multi-point thoracic deflection measurement sensors. Final report.

Mode of access: Internet.

Basic research in crashworthiness II - large deflection computerized analysis of rate sensitive elasto-plastic frame structures. Interim technical report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Flight text of an autopilot installation as a lateral gust alleviator in a PT-26 airplane.

"Aeronautical Research Laboratory. Contract No. AF 33(038)-10480, Task 70171, Project 1366."