Differential response related to genotoxicity between eggplant (Solanum melanogena) skin aqueous extract and its main purified anthocyanin (delphinidin) in vivo

Anthocyanins are the largest group of water-soluble pigments in the plant kingdom. A number of studies have demonstrated that anthocyanins present antioxidant capacity and show inhibitory effects on the growth of some cancer cells. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate both the antimutagenicity/antigenotoxicity and mutagenicity/genotoxicity of aqueous extract obtained from the Solanum melanogena, a possible novel source of anthocyanin, and its main purified anthocyanin extract (delphinidin), using the single cell (comet) assay and micronucleus test. Pretreatment with higher doses of the purified anthocyanin (10 and 20 mg/kg b.w.) led to a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the frequency of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes induced by cyclophosphamide. The pattern of reduction ranged from 48% to 57% independent of concentration. No apparent: genotoxicity and mutagenicity was found for either the anthocyanin or delphinidin extracts. Taken together, these results suggest that mice pre-treated with specific compounds present in anthocyanins (delphinidin) displayed a lower incidence of mutations induced by cyclophosphamide. This finding emphasizes the potential of natural colorants to prevent mutations and also the applicability of genotoxic evaluation for improving health. Furthermore, the results presented here could be an additional argument to support the use of anthocyanins in the diet. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Letinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler (Shiitake) modulates genotoxic and mutagenic effects induced by alkylating agents in vivo

We evaluated the antimutagenic effect of Letinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler (Shiitake) on the frequency of micronuclei in mice treated with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) or cyclophosphamide (Cl?). Mice were orally (gavage) pretreated for 15 consecutive days with solutions of Shiitake (0.6 ml per day, gavage) prepared at three different temperatures: 4, 21 (RT), and 60 degreesC. Then, the animals were intraperitoneally injected on day 15 with CP (25 or 50 mg/kg) or ENU (50 mg/kg) and killed 24 or 48 h after treatment for evaluation of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) in bone marrow and micronucleated reticulocytes (MNRETs). A mixture of L. edodes lineages (LE 95/016, 96/14, 96/17, 96/22, 96/23, 97/27, and 97/28) significantly decreased the frequencies of MNPCEs and MNRETs induced by CP (25 and 50 mg/kg). When a single lineage from the mixture (LE 96/17) was tested we also found a significant reduction in the frequencies of MNPCEs and MNRETs induced by both CP or ENU (50 mg/kg). The comet assay was also performed 3 h after ENU treatment using mice pretreated with the single lineage (LE 96/17) of L. edodes. The results showed a high degree of variability with some indications of an antigenotoxic effect. Taken together, our data show that solutions from Shiitake inhibit in vivo mutagenicity of CP and ENU. (C) 2001 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

In vivo and in vitro evaluation of an Acetobacter xylinum synthesized microbial cellulose membrane intended for guided tissue repair

Background: Barrier materials as cellulose membranes are used for guided tissue repair. However, it is essential that the surrounding tissues accept the device. The present study histologically evaluated tissue reaction to a microbial cellulose membrane after subcutaneous implantation in mice. Furthermore, the interaction between mesenchymal stem cells and the biomaterial was studied in vitro to evaluate its ability to act as cellular scaffold for tissue engineering.Methods: Twenty-five Swiss Albino mice were used. A 10 x 10 mm cellulose membrane obtained through biosynthesis using Acetobacter xylinum bacteria was implanted into the lumbar subcutaneous tissue of each mouse. The mice were euthanatized at seven, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days, and the membrane and surrounding tissues were collected and examined by histology.Results: A mild inflammatory response without foreign body reaction was observed until 30 days post-surgery around the implanted membrane. Polarized microscopy revealed that the membrane remained intact at all evaluation points. Scanning electron microscopy of the cellulose membrane surface showed absence of pores. The in vitro evaluation of the interaction between cells and biomaterial was performed through viability staining analysis of the cells over the biomaterial, which showed that 95% of the mesenchymal stem cells aggregating to the cellulose membrane were alive and that 5% were necrotic. Scanning electron microscopy showed mesenchymal stem cells with normal morphology and attached to the cellulose membrane surface.Conclusion: The microbial cellulose membrane evaluated was found to be nonresorbable, induced a mild inflammatory response and may prove useful as a scaffold for mesenchymal stem cells.

Screening for In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Activities of the Mushroom Agaricus Blazei

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

In vivo genotoxicity evaluation of a treated urban sewage sludge sample

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

STORAGE RESULTS IN LOSS of THE ANTIGENOTOXIC PROPERTIES of LENTINULA EDODES (SHIITAKE MUSHROOM) and DEVELOPMENT of IN VIVO GENOTOXICITY

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo adhesion and immunomodulatory effect of Lactobacillus species strains isolated from chickens

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Comparison of indigestible markers from in situ and in vivo incubation to predict apparent digestibility in hay- and corn-fed horses

Foram utilizados quatro cavalos castrados sem raça definida pelo delineamento em blocos casualizados. Objetivou-se viabilizar os indicadores internos indigestíveis, FDNi e FDAi, obtidas pelas técnicas in situ nos bovinos e in vivo nos equinos por meio do saco de náilon móvel (SNM). Os tratamentos consistiram de digestibilidade determinada por método direto com a coleta total de fezes (CT) e indireto pelo uso de FDNi e FDAi obtidos pelas técnicas in situ (IS) na cavidade ruminal de bovinos e in vivo (IV) nos equinos por meio do SNM. As FDNi-IV e FDAi-IV promoveram a melhor taxa de recuperação (TR) do indicador, igualando-se ao grupo CT, em 91,50%, enquanto a técnica in situ resultou nas piores taxas, na média 86,50%, para ambos os indicadores indigestíveis (p < 0,05). As estimativas dos CD dos nutrientes foram adequadamente preditos pela FDAi-IV, para equinos alimentados com feno, no qual os valores observados foram de 46,41; 48,16; 47,92 e 45,51% para MS, MO, FDN e EB, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que o SNM em equinos pode ser usado para obter a FDAi em equinos alimentados exclusivamente com feno de coast-cross e para cavalos consumindo dieta mista, as FDNi e FDAi foram eleitas para predizer CD de nutrientes.

Medidas biométricas obtidas in vivo e na carcaça de ovelhas de descarte em diferentes estágios fisiológicos

Objetivou-se determinar as medidas in vivo e na carcaça de ovelhas de descarte abatidas em diferentes estágios fisiológicos, assim como as possíveis correlações entre essas medidas objetivas (in vivo e na carcaça) e o peso corporal ao abate e da carcaça fria. Foram utilizadas 21 ovelhas da raça Santa Inês, distribuídas nos seguintes estágios fisiológicos: OL = ovelhas mantidas por 60 dias em lactação com seus cordeiros e abatidas um dia após o desmame dos mesmos; OSC = ovelhas que foram mantidas por 60 dias em lactação com seus respectivos cordeiros e mais um período aproximado de 30 dias sem os cordeiros e posteriormente abatidas; e ONP = ovelhas que permaneceram por 60 dias em confinamento e que não pariram durante o ano. Não se observou diferença entre os estágios fisiológicos na maioria das características medidas in vivo e na carcaça. O perímetro da garupa determinado na carcaça e o perímetro torácico, as larguras do peito e da garupa obtidos in vivo mostraram-se altamente correlacionados aos pesos corporal e de carcaça fria dos animais. Portanto, essas medidas podem auxiliar na determinação do peso corporal de ovelhas em diferentes estágios fisiológicos.

Comparison of in vitro and in vivo fertilizing potential of bovine semen frozen in egg yolk or new lecithin based extenders

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Phosphatidylcholine and Sphingomyelin Profiles Vary in Bos taurus indicus and Bos taurus taurus In Vitro- and In Vivo-Produced Blastocysts

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Post-thaw viability of in vivo-produced canine blastocysts cryopreserved by slow freezing

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Noncarious Cervical Lesions and Their Association With Toothbrushing Practices: In Vivo Evaluation

Objectives: This pilot study aims to investigate the prevalence of noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) in a student population at the Faculty of Dentistry of Aracatuba-UNESP and to assess the potential relation between buccal hygiene habits and the presence and number of NCCLs.Methods: This study was conducted with a sample of 58 young volunteers (15 men and 43 women; mean age, 23.6 +/- 1.8 years and 22.3 +/- 2.4 years, respectively). The research was divided into three steps: 1) clinical assessment; 2) oral-hygiene practices self-report questionnaire; and 3) analysis of toothbrush filament deformations. After the clinical exam the participants were divided into two groups, a control group (without NCCLs) and a test group (NCCLs), according to NCCL presence. The data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 16.0 software, using t-test, chi(2), Fisher exact test, and Spearman correlation.Results: NCCLs were present in 53% of the subjects. The presence of NCCLs was marginally statistically associated with age (p=0.15) and proportionally more prevalent in male (80%) subjects (p=0.01). NCCLs were more concentrated in the posterior-superior quadrant (93%) in both the right (90%) and left (55%) sides of the mouth. The direct rank correlation was presented between presence of NCCLs and toothbrush firmness; and between number of NCCLs and age and force applied during toothbrushing.Conclusion: Within the limitations of this pilot study, the use of medium and hard toothbrushes and greater force applied during toothbrushing might contribute to the development and/or aggravation of NCCLs.