Joannis Schefferi Argentoratensis Lapponia, Id est, Regionis Lapponum et gentis nova et verissima descriptio. In qua multa de origine, superstitione, sacris magicis, victu, cultu, negotiis Lapponum, item animalium, metallorumque indole quae in terris eorum proveniunt, hactenus incognita. Produntur, [et] eiconibus adjectis cum cura illustrantur

Added engraved title page: Joannis Schefferi Argentoratensis Lapponia.

Joannis Schefferi von Strassburg Lappland, das ist: Neue und wahrhafftige Beschreibung von Lappland und dessen Einwohnern, worin viel bisshero unbekante Sachen von der Lappen Ankunfft, Aberglauben, Zauberkünsten, Nahrung, Kleidern, Geschäfften, wie auch von den Thieren und Metallen so es in ihrem Lande giebet, erzählet, und mit unterschiedlichen Figuren fürgestellet worden

Added engraved title page: Ioannis Schefferi Argentoratensis Lapponia.

Waarachtige en aen-merkens-waardige historie van Lapland: ofte een Beschrijving van desselfs oorspronk, landschappen, geberchten, gewassen, gedierten, metalen, steenen, wateren, en voornaemste geschiedenissen. Benessens der inwoonderen zeden, regeering, godtsdiensten, oorlogen, drachten, koophandel, gebouwen, van tenten, schepen, sleden, &c. Als ook van hare tover-trommelen, en wind-koopery. Met noch een kort bericht van den toestand der Finnen. Nieuwelijks uit het frans van den Heer Scheffer vertaalt. Met kurieuse kopere Plaaten

Added engraved title page: Waragtige en aanmerkenswaardige historie van Lapland en Finland.

Histoire de la Laponie, : sa description, lʼorigine, les moeurs, la maniere de vivre de ses habitans, leur religion, leur magie, & les choses rares du païs. Avec plusieurs additions [et] augmentations fort curieuses, qui jusques-icy nʼont pas esté imprimées. Traduites du latin de Monsieur Scheffer. Par L[e] P[ère] A[ugustin] L[ubin] geographe ordinaire de Sa Majesté

Added engraved title page: Histoire de la Laponie traduite du latin de Jean Scheffer.

The history of Lapland : wherein are shewed the original manners, habits, marriages, conjurations, &c. of that people : written by John Scheffer, professor of law and rhetoric at Upsal in Sweden.

Added engraved title page: The history of Lapland.

Sähköisten hankintamenettelyjen taloudelliset yritysvaikutukset

Pro gradu -tutkielmassa tutkitaan julkisissa hankinnoissa käyttöön otettavien uusien sähköisten menettelyjen, sähköisen huutokaupan ja dynaamisen hankintajärjestelmän, yritysvaikutuksia. Ydintutkimustehtävänä on tutkia, millaisia taloudellisia vaikutuksia sähköisillä menettelyillä tulee olemaan yrityksiin niiden tarjotessa palveluita tai tavaroita julkiselle sektorille ja mitkä ovat sähköisten menettelyjen käytön motiivit. Tutkielman teoriaosa on pohja empiiriselle tutkimukselle, jossa aineistona on käytetty suppeaa kyselytutkimusta, haastatteluja ja lisäksi materiaalia on tuotettu analysoimalla hallinnollisten kustannusten määrää sähköisissä hankintamenettelyissä. Yritysvaikutusten arvioinnissa tarkasteltiin sähköisten hankintamenettelyjen käytön motiiveja. Motiiveiksi tunnistettiin tehokkuuden tavoittelu, kustannussäästöt, ajankäytön ja henkilöresurssien käytön tehostaminen sekä avoimuus. Tutkimuksessa onnistuttiin todentamaan edellä mainittuja tekijöitä taloudellisilla malleilla. Määrälliset ja laadulliset tutkimustulokset osoittavat kokonaisuudessaan tuloksellisella tavalla sähköisten hankintamenettelyjen käytön motiiveita ja vaikutuksia yrityksiin. Sähköisillä hankintamenettelyillä voidaan perustellusti tehostaa hankintaprosessia ja saavuttaa kustannussäästöjä. Monia yleisiä yritysten julkisiin hankintoihin pääsyn esteinä pitämiä seikkoja voitaisiin vähentää tai poistaa käyttämällä sähköisiä hankintoja. Sähköistä huutokauppaa ja dynaamista hankintajärjestelmää koskevan lainsäädännön luodessa puitteet menettelyiden käytölle, tulee menettelyjen käyttöönoton motiivien ja kannustimien riittävyyttä seurata. Hallinnollisten kustannusten väheneminen ja muiden esteiden pieneneminen ei välttämättä synnytä pysyvää kannustinvaikutusta, vaan hankintaprosessia tulee pyrkiä sähköistämään kokonaisvaltaisesti myös muissa hankintalain mukaisissa hankintamenettelyissä ja kilpailuttamisen ulkopuolisissa hankinnan osa-alueissa kuten laskuttaminen, maksatus ja tilaus.

GPS receivers for georeferencing of spatial variability of soil attributes

The characterization of the spatial variability of soil attributes is essential to support agricultural practices in a sustainable manner. The use of geostatistics to characterize spatial variability of these attributes, such as soil resistance to penetration (RP) and gravimetric soil moisture (GM) is now usual practice in precision agriculture. The result of geostatistical analysis is dependent on the sample density and other factors according to the georeferencing methodology used. Thus, this study aimed to compare two methods of georeferencing to characterize the spatial variability of RP and GM as well as the spatial correlation of these variables. Sampling grid of 60 points spaced 20 m was used. For RP measurements, an electronic penetrometer was used and to determine the GM, a Dutch auger (0.0-0.1 m depth) was used. The samples were georeferenced using a GPS navigation receiver, Simple Point Positioning (SPP) with navigation GPS receiver, and Semi-Kinematic Relative Positioning (SKRP) with an L1 geodetic GPS receiver. The results indicated that the georeferencing conducted by PPS did not affect the characterization of spatial variability of RP or GM, neither the spatial structure relationship of these attributes.

Treatment of Acute Otitis Media

Background: Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common bacterial infection in young children, but the optimal management of AOM remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment, either immediate or delayed, for AOM and to compare parental experiences regarding the management of AOM in two countries with very different treatment guidelines. Methods: Altogether, 322 children participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial. Children 6–35 months of age with AOM received amoxicillin-clavulanate or placebo for 7 days. The primary outcome was the time to treatment failure. In the second study, the delayed antimicrobial treatment group consisted of recipients of placebo who had received rescue treatment. The immediate antimicrobial treatment group consisted of children allocated to amoxicillin-clavulanate group. Parental expectations and opinions were evaluated by questionnaires sent via public day care in Turku, Finland, and Utrecht, the Netherlands. Results: Treatment failure occurred significantly more often in children receiving placebo as compared to antimicrobial treatment (45% vs. 19%, P<0.001). Delayed initiation of antimicrobial treatment did not worsen the recovery from AOM, but it was associated with worsening of the child’s condition, prolongation of symptoms, and absenteeism from day care and parental absenteeism from work. According to the comparative questionnaire, antimicrobial use was more common in Finland than in the Netherlands. Finnish parents believed more often than Dutch parents that antimicrobials are necessary in the treatment of AOM. Conclusions: Children with AOM benefit from antimicrobial treatment. Delayed initiation of antimicrobial does not worsen the overall recovery from AOM, but it might increase the symptom burden and create economic losses. Treatment practices and parental expectations seem to interact with each other. This needs to be considered when AOM treatment guidelines are updated.

The demand for global student talent: Capitalizing on the value of university-industry collaboration

The university sector in Europe has invested money and effort into the internationalization of higher education. The benefits of internationalizing higher education are fuelled by changing global values, choices and practices. However, arguments that serve the internationalization of higher education tend to stress either local organizational or individual interests; seldom do they emphasize the societal benefits. This dissertation investigates how collaboration between university and industry facilitates a shift in thinking about attracting and retaining global student talent, in terms of co-creating solutions to benefit the development of our knowledge society. The macro-structures of the higher education sector have the tendency to overemphasize quantitative goals to improve performance verifiability. Recruitment of international student talent is thereby turned into a mere supply issue. A mind shift is needed to rethink the efficacy of the higher education sector with regard to retaining foreign student talent as a means of contributing to society’s stock of knowledge and through that to economic growth. This thesis argues that academic as well as industrial understanding of the value of university-industry collaboration might then move beyond the current narrow expectations and perceptions of the university’s contribution to society’s innovation systems. This mind shift is needed to encourage and generate creative opportunities for university-industry partnerships to develop sustainable solutions for successful recruitment of foreign student talent, and thereby to maximize the wealth-creating potential of global student talent recruitment. This thesis demonstrates through the use of interpretive and participatory methods, how it is possible to reveal new and important insights into university-industry partnering for enhancing attraction and retention of global student talent. It accomplishes this by expressly pointing out the central role of human collaborative experiencing and learning. The narratives presented take the reader into a Finnish and Dutch universityindustry partnering environment to reflect on the relationship between the local universities of technology and their operational surroundings, a relationship that is set in a context of local and global entanglements and challenges.

Transition management and the sustainable nutrients economy in the Netherlands; positioning paper

In this positioning paper transition management (TM) and the sustainable nutrient economy are addressed. We discuss TM from its scholarly origins in the 1990’s to its implementation as a comprehensive sector-wide policy program on sustainability in The Netherlands during the first decade of the 2000´s. Although the program was innovative and provoked a new approach to environmental policy and governance, the program at large failed to set the right conditions under which sustainable transition take place. Lessons from the Netherlands, both successful and less successful, are addressed in this positioning paper to inform Finnish governmental and knowledge institutes on how (not) to implement TM on environmental issues. When looking at sustainable nutrient economy the paper takes a historical view at how problems with nutrients (especially phosphates) were dealt with in the Netherlands during the post World War II era. This transition did not occur easily. In the agricultural sector environmental policies to prevent nutrient problems were not easily accepted, as large agricultural economic interests were at stake and the sector’s main actors were generally opposed to (radical) environmental transition. Currently, sustainable nutrient economy initiatives are starting to receive attention on the political agenda once again. In 2011 a sector- and chain-wide covenant was signed, showing that sustainable nutrient transition goals get commitment from stakeholders throughout the nutrient chain. We judge that TM provides useful elements that are applicable to Finnish governance modes to support sustainable nutrient economy transition. However, the Finnish government should be careful when implementing TM to prevent making the same mistakes the Dutch government made in previous years.

Kirjeet ja eliittien kasvatus

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Pennförare i periferin : österbottniska sockenskrivare 1721-1868

Modern research on literacy, the scriptualization of the administration and the interaction between the governing and the governed as part of the political culture, has brought to the fore the issue of different scripts and their terms. The present dissertation focuses on the parish scribes in the county of Ostrobothnia during the period 1721–1868. The peasantry had been given the right to pay parish scribes in 1624. The parish scribes who were to assist the peasants in connection with the collection of taxes simultaneously supervised the bailiffs who collected the taxes. Their writing skills made the scribes indispensable also in many other contexts. In Ostrobothnia, the peasantry had use for parish scribes, who worked as mediators between Swedish and Finnish, between the oral and the written and vice versa. The aim of this dissertation is on the one hand to explore the recruitment of parish scribes, and on the other to examine the parish scribes as a professional and social group. The parish scribes’ significance for the peasantry in everyday life, local decision-making and in connection with political processes will be analyzed by examining their work and professional activities. The recruitment of parish scribes and has been analyzed as a decision process where different actors were able to influence the election. The parish scribes’ competence requirements and terms of employment have been analyzed. The parish scribes as a professional body or a social group has not previously been explored. The examination of the 154 parish scribes as a professional and social group has been carried out in the form of a collective biography. Parish scribes’ tasks originally consisted of the collection of taxes, but the duties within the parish administration increased in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The private writing assignments consisted of many different documents: bills of sale, probate inventories and estate distributions, wills, land tenancy agreements, life annuity and crofter agreements, promissory notes, auction records and different survey documents. The interaction with state power has been analyzed by examining five political decision-making processes that the peasants actively participated in.

Pituitary-thyroid axis in short- and long-term experimental diabetes mellitus

Short-term experimental diabetes mellitus (DM) produces a significant decrease in serum thyroid hormones, a decreased or normal serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and a reduction in hepatic and renal T4-5'-deiodination. However, little is known about the effects of chronic diabetes mellitus on the pituitary-thyroid axis function. We evaluated the changes induced by very short-term (6 days), short-term (15 days) and chronic (6 months) streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in 3-month old female Dutch-Miranda rat serum T4, serum TSH and T4-5'-deiodinase activity in the thyroid and pituitary glands. Serum hormones were determined by specific radioimmunoassays. Iodothyronine-5'-deiodinase activities were assayed in the thyroid and pituitary microsomal fractions using 2 µM T4 as substrate. Mean serum T4 was significantly decreased from 3.3 to 2.0 µg/dl 6 days after diabetes mellitus induction, and from 2.2 to 1.5 µg/dl after 15 days of DM, with no significant changes in serum TSH, indicating a decreased pituitary TSH responsiveness to the diminished suppression by T4, even though pituitary T4-5'-deiodinase activity was unchanged. Thyroid T4-5'-deiodinase was unchanged after 6 days of diabetes mellitus, but was significantly increased from 20.6 to 37.0 pmol T3/mg protein after 15 days. Six months after diabetes mellitus induction, both serum T4 and thyroid T4-5'-deiodinase returned to normal ranges and serum TSH was unchanged, although pituitary T4-5'-deiodinase was now significantly decreased from 2.7 to 1.7 pmol T3/mg protein. These findings indicate that some kind of adaptation to chronic insulinopenia may occur at the thyroid level, but this does not seem to be true for the pituitary

Nouvelle carte particulière de l'Amérique ou sont exactement marquées les provinces suivantes comme la Caroline Meridionale, la Floride, la Lousiane, le Mexique, le Jucatan, le Guatimala, le Darien & une partie de Cuba

Irtokartta

Käänteisen huutokaupan hyödyt ja haitat

Työn tavoitteena on selvittää mitkä ovat käänteisen huutokaupan hyödyt ja haitat kilpailutuksessa ja onko menetelmän käyttö suositeltavaa. Kirjallisuutta hyödyntämällä työssä tarkastellaan mitä käänteinen huutokauppa on, miten se soveltuu eri tilanteisiin (tuotteen, ostaja organisaation, myyjän ja huutokaupan järjestelyjen suhteen) ja mitkä ovat sen hyödyt ja haitat (taloudelliset, operatiiviset ja strategiset vaikutukset). Kirjallisuudessa esiintulleita hyötyjä ja haittoja verrataan rakennus ja projektinkehityspalveluita tarjoavan Skanskan kokemuksiin käänteisestä huutokaupasta käytännössä. Käänteisestä huutokaupasta todetaan olevan hyötyä markkinahinnan löytämisessä ja kustannussäästöjen saavuttamisessa. Ei kuitenkaan ole pystytty erottamaan, olisiko vastaava kustannussäästö saatu aikaseksi myös muilla kilpailutustavoilla. Käänteinen huutokauppa on työkalu joka sopii vain hyvin standardisoituihin tuotteisiin markkinoilla joilla on paljon kilpailua. Sitä ei myöskään yleensä vaikuta käytettävän useammin kuin kerran saman tuotteen kilpailuttamiseen. Käänteisen huutokaupan operatiivisista vaikutuksista on ristiriitaista tietoa. Kiertoaika on osassa tutkimuksista lyhentynyt ja osassa pidentynyt. Käänteisen huutokaupan vaikutuksista tuotteiden laatuun ei ole empiiristä näyttöä. Käänteisen huutokaupan suurimpia heikkouksia on toimittajasuhteiden heikkeneminen, joka ilmeni sekä läpi kirjallisuuden, että tämän työn empiriassa. On kuitenkin kyseenalaista konkretisoituuko toimittajien ärtymys kilpailutustavasta ostajalle merkittävillä tavoilla. Kokonaisuudessaan käänteinen huutokauppa on työläs ja rajoitettu kilpailutusmekanismi. Sen tuomat hyödyt eivät ole erityisen suuret verrattuna toisenlaisiin kilpailutustapoihin.