899 resultados para Diodoro Sículo
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Neste artigo procuramos analisar a participação de Portugal no Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas no biénio 2011-2012, em especial ao nível da manutenção da paz e da segurança internacionais e da defesa dos direitos humanos, questões prementes da política externa portuguesa, tal como a importância deste órgão das Nações Unidas na promoção da paz, da vida e da dignidade do ser humano. Neste texto temos em particular consideração a importância que o cumprimento do Direito Internacional Humanitário assume nos conflitos armados contemporâneos, quer para as forças participantes em operações de paz a cargo das Nações Unidas, quer para as organizações por si mandatadas e para os diversos intervenientes nos conflitos, sejam atores estatais ou não-estatais.
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Este artigo pretende salientar a importância da Aprendizagem Organizacional, e consequentemente da mudança comportamental, no contexto da reforma da Administração Pública no século XXI. Para tal começamos por fazer uma breve resenha sobre a evolução dos mais proeminentes paradigmas da Ciência Administrativa da segunda metade do século XX. De seguida apresentamos o conceito de Aprendizagem Organizacional na perspectiva mais tradicionalista, mas sobretudo enquanto elemento dependente versus potenciador de novos tipos de relacionamento e de comportamento organizacional. Por fim, explorase a questão da importância da mudança dos comportamentos no contexto da reforma administrativa. Para tal desenvolvemos os conceitos de: 1) mudança dos comportamentos; 2) resistência à mudança na Administração Pública; 3) associação “inovação/rotina” como força motriz das organizações públicas; 4) recurso à “ciência da complexidade” como tónico para a mudança comportamental na Administração Pública.
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Após o fim da Guerra Fria, e em paralelo com a Globalização, emergiram vários desafios e riscos de caráter transnacional de âmbito político, económico, social e de segurança, que passaram a dominar parte da agenda internacional. A ONU teve o mérito de promover iniciativas para sensibilizar a Comunidade Internacional, Chefes de Estado e de Governo, no sentido de se atingirem metas mais compatíveis com os direitos e a dignidade humanos, como instrumento de garantia necessária para a manutenção da paz e segurança internacionais. A avaliação das expectativas da Cimeira do Milénio, nomeadamente ao nível da conflitualidade, em particular no Continente africano, a instabilidade generalizada, o desenvolvimento humano, a pobreza multidimensional e o retrocesso nas várias liberdades, permitem identificar a necessidade de uma intervenção inovadora por parte da Comunidade Internacional por forma a reduzir drasticamente os indicadores ao longo do século XXI. Portugal, ao honrar a sua tradição humanista na ordem internacional, e após ter sido membro não permanente do Conselho de Segurança da ONU, pode contribuir de forma decisiva para a promoção da paz e da segurança internacionais, ao colocar na agenda internacional a defesa dos Direitos da Vida Humana nas suas múltiplas dimensões, o que certamente contribuirá para a consolidação do seu espaço de afirmação internacional e para o justo respeito e reconhecimento da Comunidade Internacional.
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Tendo como estudo de caso o Afeganistão, descrevem-se as alterações na forma de fazer e entender a guerra, as principais motivações de quem decide participar na guerra, o papel das coligações e alianças, a centralidade do papel dos EUA e as razões que levam países como Portugal a integrar o esforço de guerra. Através de comparações pontuais com outros conflitos analisam-se ainda as principais políticas e doutrinas em vigor, nomeadamente as políticas de comprehensive approach, comprehensive engagement ou engagement by nature e as “novas” doutrinas de “contrainsurreição”.
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A UNESCO no Brasil e a Cátedra UNESCO Archai da Universidade de Brasília (UnB) organizaram no dia 19 de novembro de 2015 um
Hangout UNESCO, programa de bate-papo online da UNESCO no Brasil, em celebração ao Dia Mundial da Filosofia 2015. O evento teve como tema os desafios da filosofia para o século XXI. A gravação video do hangout está disponível no endereço
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This research studies the relation between city and nature in the urbanity s plans from Natal RN, Brazil, during the 20th century. Investigates and analyses the main documents that bring environmental s ideas inside from the urbanity s plans of Natal; gives the historical and economical situation from the city in each period studied; features the urbanity s plans, using categories of analyses to comprehension of this instruments. Try to contribute in the bigger process of historical rescue of Natal, and stimulates new studies. It was used documental s research, and bibliographic material. It was identified four (04) kinds of plans: the ones that focus in health and aesthetic (1901, 1929, 1935) technology and science (1968), zoning and control (1974, 1984) and environment. The hints founded shows that environmental ideas were put inside of the plans by government demands, especially in 1994 s plan, almost always without popular contribution and without this population get understands its meanings and implications
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Académico - Licenciaturas
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The purpose of this research is to apprehend the perception that the ruling elite, especially the Presidents of the province of Rio Grande do Norte/Brazil, had about the potiguar city, that is, the urban localities existing in the province along the 19th century. By interweaving political, administrative, socioeconomic and spatial aspects, the study of this perception involves two distinct moments, which are also linked: a moment of apprehension of the city, that is, how the elite seizes, describes and criticizes the city; and, a second moment, which occurs simultaneously or after the first moment, of intervention in the city, in which the elite exposes its vision and projects for the city and for the territory. Rather than describing the potiguar city in itself, the research is an attempt to reveal how it was perceived along this process from a particular standpoint or discourse, official and elitist, which did not correspond necessarily or completely to what it was in reality. We tried to understand, always through the lens of the discourse, how the ruling elite perceived the potiguar city based on what their members thought about other urban realities, particularly of the advanced countries; how, within an integrated vision, this city was characterized in political, administrative, socioeconomic and spatial terms and how it consolidated itself along the period established for the research. Qualitative and historical in nature, this study was also methodologically developed based upon bibliographical and documental research. Given the fact that this research works with descriptions, comparisons and interpretations, it was necessary to make use of tools such as the discourse analysis in order to apprehend, as much as possible, what lay behind the words of the elite. The primary sources used were essentially the official documents produced by the Presidents of the province, as well as other documents written by top government officials and other members of the administration staff, all of them composing the so-called ruling elite of Rio Grande do Norte. Secondary sources were books and other publications, theses and dissertations, among others. The research made possible the identification of a certain perception of the potiguar city in the 19th century, which is certainly limited because it is grounded on a specific discourse - that of the political and administrative elite, but which, in spite of such a limitation, is still useful to understand the city and its evolution along the period established, among other noteworthy remarks
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The tertiary sector has been (re)defining and (re)qualifying, in an impacting way, the urban spaces in the cities, introducing new elements for the discussion of the relationship center/periphery. In Natal, as an inducing economic activity of its development, it conforms to the new needs of the capital, expanding, being materialized through several processes and spatial forms. We aim at analyzing one of those processes, which has taken its Northern Administrative Area to (re)define the design of its urban space, through the actions developed by the agents involved with the spatialization of the tertiary activities, at the same time as it redimensions its role as a periphery of Natal, contributing to the study of the recent and growing transformations of the Brazilian capitals. The studied district corresponds to 39.4% of the municipal area and, until recently, was composed by precarious reproduction spaces, unprovided of relevant economical activities. After the boom of the development of extensive housing complexes by SFH/BNH, the area, gradually stopped being a dependent area, and it imposed itself as an economically participant region, with the increase of the trade and services sectors, as well as a favorable place for the appearance of new activities. Its reflexes are noticeable in the achieved spatial configuration. As the main road to induct changes, Dr. João Medeiros Filho Avenue presents these new tendencies in the production of the intraurban space, concentrating the largest goods and services equipments of the area, through investments of the private and public sectors, which guarantee the capital allocation for the construction of a new centrality
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Doutoramento em Economia
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Tese de Doutoramento para a obtenção do grau de Doutor em Arquitectura - Teoria e História, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitectura.
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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças Empresariais
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The career of civil engineer Henrique de Novaes, a remarkable figure in the academic, technical and political fields, demonstrates its extensive and relevant work across Brazil in the first half of the twentieth century. It covered from the design of water supply and sewage works, road and rail transport networks, works against drought in the Northeast, hydroelectric and harbor facilities to the urbanization planning and architectural projects, which displays a systematic and multiple production. City and territory conformed to his fields of verification, practical and above all, transformation. The search for understanding of the inclusion of a social actor in this process thus contributes to the specific analysis of the doings of Henrique de Novaes, who graduated at Polytechnic School of Rio de Janeiro in 1906. From a polymorphic activity in different scales, one tries to figure how, through academic education or professional practice, urban history in Brazil can be told or built. The introduction of technological innovations matched the purposes of planning and urban sprawl, as well as met the specifications of regulation and institutionalization of public infrastructure services at the time. The overall plans proposed by the engineer thought of the city as a whole, interconnected to the structural networks. At the same time, the knowledge of a larger physical scale the territory bounces back in the urban in a relationship of reciprocity and completeness. The objective research, therefore, tries to understand the roles played by Henrique de Novaes s works and academic education in the accomplishment of systematic modernization of Brazilian urban space and territory, recovering a little known historical figure by current historiography. It is proposed, as methodological axis, that the study of this professional career configures itself as an essential element for understanding the idea of progress embodied in the technical studies and proposals for improvements and sanitation nationwide in the first half of the twentieth century . The primary sources for the construction of this analysis were technical articles in journals of the period ( Clube de Engenharia , Viação e Revista Brasileira de Engenharia ), and technical reports, government messages, newspaper articles published at the time, autobiographical reports and the engineer s verbal communications with relatives. The work is structured in three chapters: "Biographical traces, academic education and 'technical and political' activities" illustrates the initiation into the technical, public and political environment; Chapter 2, "Technique and territory" outlines his network understanding through sanitation and transport services; Chapter 3 "Technique and City" describes the influence of polytechnics knowledge on the propositions of modernization of cities; Finally, "Final Thoughts: An Evaluation," presents an overview of the affiliations and practice of an engineer in the different scales, and its contribution to the modernization of Brazilian urban and territorial space
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Dissertação de mest. em Literatura, Especialização em Literatura Comparada, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais da Univ. do Algarve, 2005
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O arranjo federativo pós-Constituição de 1988 vem indicando a maior responsabilidade das unidades federativas e dos munícipios na execução das políticas sociais, ao mesmo tempo que se conferiu maior autonomia na arrecadação tributária. A partir dos anos 2000, as novas regulamentações das políticas sociais nas áreas de educação, saúde e assistência social vêm exigindo um maior esforço de recursos orçamentários dos estados, do Distrito Federal e dos municípios, sem a criação ou aporte de receitas fiscais adicionais. Nas políticas sociais, importantes mudanças legislativas marcam a primeira década do século XXI no Brasil, com implicações diretas no arranjo federativo e por consequência no cofinanciamento das políticas sociais. O objetivo principal do artigo é analisar o montante de recursos aplicados pela União, estados, DF e municípios nas funções orçamentárias: assistência social, saúde e educação, no período de 2002 a 2012, evidenciando o confinaciamento dessas políticas sociais; assim como o de identificar alguns obstáculos criados pelo ajuste fiscal em curso no país para a expansão do cofinanciamento das políticas sociais. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT