976 resultados para Blast furnace slag
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A escória de siderurgia ferrocromo pode-se constituir em uma fonte alternativa de Ca e Mg, bem como em corretivo da acidez do solo, melhorando a sua fertilidade e o estado nutricional de culturas. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da escória de siderurgia ferrocromo nas alterações dos atributos químicos do solo, na nutrição e no desenvolvimento de mudas de maracujazeiro. Para tanto, instalou-se um experimento em condições de casa de vegetação, empregando-se as seguintes doses crescentes da escória: zero; metade; uma vez; uma vez e meia e duas vezes a dose para elevar a saturação por bases do solo a 80%, correspondendo às doses de: 0; 0,375; 0,750; 1,125 e 1,500 g dm-3, respectivamente. O substrato utilizado foi um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, ácido (vasos com 2,8 dm³), que foi incubado com a escória de siderurgia, por 30 dias, para posterior semeadura do maracujazeiro, cultivando-as por 85 dias. A aplicação da escória de siderurgia ferrocromo promoveu a neutralização da acidez do solo. Entretanto, mesmo em doses relativamente baixas (360 kg ha-1), houve diminuição no acúmulo de nutrientes e na produção de matéria seca das mudas de maracujazeiro.
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Os micronutrientes são importantes na nutrição das plantas, especialmente em solos tropicais com baixa concentração devido ao intemperismo. Como fonte alternativa de micronutrientes, tem-se a escória, resíduo da indústria de produção de ferro-gusa e aço. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a escória como fonte de micronutrientes para mudas de goiabeira. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. As doses de escória foram aplicadas objetivando elevar em meia, uma vez, uma vez e meia, duas vezes e duas vezes e meia a saturação por bases do solo igual a 70%, correspondendo a 1,68; 3,36; 5,04; 6,72 e 8,40 g por vaso, além da testemunha sem aplicação. Após 90 dias de incubação da escória com o Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, cultivaram-se mudas de goiabeira (cv. Paluma) por 110 dias em vasos com 2,8 dm-3 de substrato, em viveiro telado, em Taquaritinga-SP, no período de outubro de 2000 a abril de 2001. A escória promoveu um efeito favorável na reação do solo e na disponibilidades de Zn, Cu, Mn e B do solo. Houve efeitos quadráticos nas concentrações de Zn, Cu e Mn do solo, que, por sua vez, estiveram associadas às doses de escória superiores a 5,8; 6,3 e 7,5 g por vaso, respectivamente, enquanto, para o B, esse efeito foi linear. A saturação por bases do solo, entre 51 e 55%, resultou em maior disponibilidade dos micronutrientes Zn, Cu e Mn no solo, ao passo que, para o B, esse valor foi de 65%. da mesma forma que ocorreu no solo, a aplicação da escória apresentou efeitos quadráticos nos teores de Zn, Cu e Mn da parte aérea e das raízes das mudas de goiabeira, enquanto, para o B, esse efeito foi linear. Concluiu-se, portanto, que a escória se comportou como material corretivo da acidez e como fonte de micronutrientes.
Resposta de mudas de goiabeira à aplicação de escória de siderurgia como corretivo de acidez do solo
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A escória de siderurgia pode constituir-se em uma fonte alternativa de Ca e Mg, bem como corretivo de acidez do solo, melhorando o estado nutricional de mudas de goiabeira, podendo contribuir para o sucesso da implantação de um pomar. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da escória de siderurgia nas alterações dos atributos químicos do solo, na nutrição das plantas e no crescimento de mudas de goiabeira. Para tanto, instalou-se um experimento em Taquaritinga-SP, em condições de vasos, com doses crescentes de escória de siderurgia: zero; metade; uma vez; uma vez e meia; duas vezes e duas vezes e meia a dose para elevar a saturação por bases para 70%. Após 90 dias da incubação da escória no solo, procedeu-se o plantio das mudas de goiabeira (cv. Paluma), propagadas vegetativamente por estaquia, em substrato de um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo ácido (vaso com 2,8 dm³), cultivando-as por 105 dias. A aplicação de escória de siderurgia elevou os valores de pH, SB, V%, e as concentrações de Ca, Mg e P, diminuindo H+Al do solo. Nas mudas de goiabeira, houve aumento significativo na altura, no número de folhas, na área foliar, nas concentrações de Ca, Mg e P da parte aérea e das raízes das plantas e, conseqüentemente, na matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes. Portanto, a escória de siderurgia mostrou-se viável na produção de mudas de goiabeira como corretivo de acidez do solo e fonte de nutrientes (Ca e Mg ).
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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In the industry of ceramic in Rio G. do Norte, tile stands out as the most manufactured product by this industry, being the intermittent kiln abóbada and caieira the principal type of kiln used in burning. There was a need to make a study of the influence exerted by the type of kiln in which tiles are burnt in their thermo physical properties. The analysis started with 24 raw samples of tile, which was split in two groups of 12 samples and burnt in Abóbada and Caieira kiln. Besides that, it was made study of the tax of heat transfer to the environment (for each kiln). After having been burnt the samples were taken for laboratory analysis. The properties verified were impermeability, determination of dry mass, absorption of water, the load of bending rupture and its geometric characteristics, the tests were conducted following the currents standards. The tests were carried out according to the ABNT - NBR 15310. The calculation of the rate of heat transfer showed that the abóbada kiln is more efficient than the Caieira, however the results of tests on the samples revealed no superiority of one over another sample. So the furnace had no influence on the performance of the ceramic tiles
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The proposed design provides a solar furnace alternative, box-like, low-cost operation to be used in cooking, comprising three scrap tires to make the recycling thereof. The tires were coupled to each other, forming an enclosure, which stood on its bottom covered by a parable multiple mirrors made from a urupema (sieve indigenous) and the inner sides of the oven aluminum sheet painted black, obtained from beer cans, thus being made to obtain the increase in the concentration of solar radiation incident on the inside of the prototype studied. Two tires were attached, leaving an air layer between them, with the function of thermal insulation. The third tire aimed to support the other two and thermally insulate the bottom of the oven. Externally was placed a metal frame with flat mirrors to reflect the incident rays into the oven, having a mobility to correct the apparent motion of the sun. Its primary feature is the viability of clean, renewable energy to society by tackling the ecological damage caused by the large-scale use of wood for cooking food. The tests show that the furnace reached the maximum temperature of 123.8 °C and baking various foods such as pizza, bun, and other lasagne in an average time 50 minutes. Proves the feasibility of using the oven. Presenting still able to improve their performance with the addition of new materials, equipment and techniques
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The decontamination of the materials has been subject of some studies. One of the factors that it increases the pollution is the lack of responsibility in the discarding of toxic trash, as for example the presence of PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) in the environment. In the Brazilian regulations, the material contaminated with PCB in concentrations higher than 50 ppm must be stored in special places or destroyed, usually by incineration in plasma furnace with dual steps. Due to high cost of the procedure, new methodologies of PCBs removal has been studied. The objective of this study was to develop an experimental methodology and analytical methodology for quantification of removal of PCBs through out the processes of extractions using supercritical fluid and Soxhlet method, also technical efficiency of the two processes of extraction, in the treatment of contaminated materials with PCBs. The materials studied were soils and wood, both were simulated contamination with concentration of 6.000, 33.000 and 60.000 mg of PCB/ kg of materials. Soxhlet extractions were performed using 100 ml of hexane, and temperature of 180 ºC. Extractions by fluid supercritical were performed at conditions of 200 bar, 70°C, and supercritical CO2 flow-rate of 3 g/min for 1-3 hours. The extracts obtained were quantified using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The conventional extractions were made according to factorial experimental planning technique 22, with aim of study the influence of two variables of process extraction for the Soxhlet method: contaminant concentration and extraction time for obtain a maximum removal of PCB in the materials. The extractions for Soxhlet method were efficient for extraction of PCBs in soil and wood in both solvent studied (hexane and ethanol). In the experimental extraction in soils, the better efficient of removal of PCBs using ethanol as solvent was 81.3% than 95% for the extraction using hexane as solvent, for equal time of extraction. The results of the extraction with wood showed statistically it that there is not difference between the extractions in both solvent studied. The supercritical fluid extraction in the conditions studied showed better efficiency in the extraction of PCBs in the wood matrix than in soil, for two hours extractions the obtain percentual of 43.9 ± 0.5 % for the total of PCBs extracted in the soils against 95.1 ± 0,5% for the total of PCBs extracted in the wood. The results demonstrated that the extractions were satisfactory for both technical studied
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A prática da correção da acidez do solo pela aplicação superficial de corretivos sobre a palha no sistema plantio direto se restringe ao calcário, não havendo maiores estudos em relação à escória de aciaria, lama cal e lodo de esgoto centrifugado. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os índices de acidez do solo e a produtividade da soja em função da aplicação superficial de lodo de esgoto centrifugado, lama cal, escória de aciaria e calcário dolomítico. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, durante os anos agrícolas de 2002 a 2005, sob sistema plantio direto. Os tratamentos constituíram da aplicação superficial de escória de aciaria (E), lama cal (Lcal), lodo de esgoto centrifugado (LC), calcário dolomítico e sem aplicação de corretivo, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. A aplicação superficial de escória de aciaria, lama cal e lodo de esgoto centrifugado permite a correção da acidez do solo, o deslocamento do Ca2+, o aumento da saturação por bases e redução do Al3+ até 40 cm, e para o calcário, até 20 cm, fatores que condicionaram o aumento da produtividade da soja para os tratamentos LC, E e Lcal em 2003/2004 e 2004/2005 e para LC e E em 2002/2003 no sistema plantio direto.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Synthesis, characterization, DFT simulation and biological assays of two new metal complexes of 2-(2-thienyl)benzothiazole - BTT are reported. The complexes [Ag(BTT)(2)NO3] - AgBTT2 and [Au(BTT)Cl]center dot 1/2H(2)O - AuBTT were obtained by mixing the ligand with silver (I) nitrate or gold(I) chloride in methanolic solution. Characterization of the complexes were based on elemental (C, H, N and S), thermal (TG-DTA) analysis, C-13 and H-1 NMR, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic measurements, as well as the X-ray structure determination for AgBTT2. Spectroscopic data predicted by DFT calculations were in agreement with the experimental data for both complexes. The ligand BTT was synthesized by the condensation of 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde and 2-aminothiophenol in a microwave furnace. AgBTT2 has a monomeric structure. Both complexes show a good activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Free BIT shows low antitubercular activity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Introduction: In this report, we propose the application of the p-iodophenol-enhanced luminol chemiluminescent technique to the determination of peroxidase (myeloperoxidase and/or platelet peroxidase) activity in blasts of minimally differentiated acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML-M0) and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AML-M7).Methods: the frozen blast cells from 29 patients were thawed and submitted to the optimized protocol.Results: All cases of AML-M7 and AML-M0 exhibited integrated light emission greater than 73 (10(2) mV x s), which was the arbitrary cutoff point set for the discrimination between AML and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (mean + 3 x s.d. of ALL samples, n = 10). In addition, five out of seven cases of AML-M0 showed results above the Cutoff point.Conclusion: This highly sensitive enhanced chemiluminescent technique may be applied to discriminate between ALL and AML-M7 or AML-M1 cases, and most AML-M0 cases. It is very simple, cheap and easy to perform compared to other procedures used to measure MPO activity in AML-leukemias including AML-M7 and AML-M0.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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The phylogeny is one of the main activities of the modern taxonomists and a way to reconstruct the history of the life through comparative analysis of these sequences stored in their genomes aimed find any justification for the origin or evolution of them. Among the sequences with a high level of conservation are the genes of repair because it is important for the conservation and maintenance of genetic stability. Hence, variations in repair genes, as the genes of the nucleotide excision repair (NER), may indicate a possible gene transfer between species. This study aimed to examine the evolutionary history of the components of the NER. For this, sequences of UVRA, UVRB, UVRC and XPB were obtained from GenBank by Blast-p, considering 10-15 as cutoff to create a database. Phylogenetic studies were done using algorithms in PAUP programs, BAYES and PHYLIP package. Phylogenetic trees were build with protein sequences and with sequences of 16S ribosomal RNA for comparative analysis by the methods of parsimony, likelihood and Bayesian. The XPB tree shows that archaeal´s XPB helicases are similar to eukaryotic helicases. According to this data, we infer that the eukaryote nucleotide excision repair system had appeared in Archaea. At UVRA, UVRB and UVRC trees was found a monophyletic group formed by three species of epsilonproteobacterias class, three species of mollicutes class and archaeabacterias of Methanobacteria and Methanococci classes. This information is supported by a tree obtained with the proteins, UVRA, UVRB and UVRC concatenated. Thus, although there are arguments in the literature defending the horizontal transfer of the system uvrABC of bacteria to archaeabacterias, the analysis made in this study suggests that occurred a vertical transfer, from archaeabacteria, of both the NER genes: uvrABC and XPs. According the parsimony, this is the best way because of the occurrence of monophyletic groups, the time of divergence of classes and number of archaeabacterias species with uvrABC system