La gestión de las cooperativas agrarias: tipificación de las cooperativas del sector oleico de Cataluña

El següent treball té com a objectiu mostrar la situació de la gestió en el sector de les cooperatives d'oli a Catalunya

Desarrollo positivo adolescente y los activos que lo promueven : un estudio en centros docentes andaluces

Publicación compuesta por: El desarrollo positivo adolescente y los activos que lo promueven: un estudio en centros docentes andaluces (149 p.); Instrumentos para la evaluación de la salud mental y el desarrollo positivo adolescente y los activos que lo promueven (291 p.); Activos para el desarrollo positivo y la salud mental en la adolescencia (369 p.) y Salutogénesis, activos y desarrollo positivo (Video 24 min. 20 seg.)

Influencia de la temperatura en la ingesta de pacientes hospitalizados.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Prevalence of hyponutrition in hospitalized patients is very high and it has been shown to be an important prognostic factor. Most of admitted patients depend on hospital food to cover their nutritional demands being important to assess the factors influencing their intake, which may be modified in order to improve it and prevent the consequences of inadequate feeding. In previous works, it has been shown that one of the worst scored characteristics of dishes was the temperature. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of temperature on patient's satisfaction and amount eaten depending on whether the food was served in isothermal trolleys keeping proper food temperature or not. MATERIAL AND METHODS We carried out satisfaction surveys to hospitalized patients having regular diets, served with or without isothermal trolleys. The following data were gathered: age, gender, weight, number of visits, mobility, autonomy, amount of orally taken medication, intake of out-of-hospital foods, qualification of food temperature, presentation and smokiness, amount of food eaten, and reasons for not eating all the content of the tray. RESULTS Of the 363 surveys, 134 (37.96%) were done to patients with isothermal trays and 229 (62.04%) to patients without them. Sixty percent of the patients referred having eaten less than the normal amount within the last week, the most frequent reason being decreased appetite. During lunch and dinner, 69.3% and 67.7%, respectively, ate half or less of the tray content, the main reasons being as follows: lack of appetite (42% at lunch time and 40% at dinner), do not like the food (24.3 and 26.2%) or taste (15.3 and 16.8%). Other less common reasons were the odor, the amount of food, having nausea or vomiting, fatigue, and lack of autonomy. There were no significant differences in the amount eaten by gender, weight, number of visits, amount of medication, and level of physical activity. The food temperature was classified as adequate by 62% of the patients, the presentation by 95%, and smokiness by 85%. When comparing the patients served with or without isothermal trays, there were no differences with regards to baseline characteristics analyzed that might have had an influence on amount eaten. Ninety percent of the patients with isothermal trolley rated the food temperature as good, as compared with 57.2% of the patients with conventional trolley, the difference being statistically significant (P = 0.000). Besides, there were differences in the amount of food eaten between patients with and without isothermal trolley, so that 41% and 27.7% ate all the tray content, respectively, difference being statistically significant (P = 0.007). There were no differences in smokiness or presentation rating. CONCLUSIONS Most of the patients (60%) had decreased appetite during hospital admission. The percentage of hospitalized patients rating the food temperature as being good is higher among patients served with isothermal trolleys. The amount of food eaten by the patients served with isothermal trolleys is significantly higher that in those without them.

Interaction between ATM and PARP-1 in response to DNA damage and sensitization of ATM deficient cells through PARP inhibition

ATM and PARP-1 are two of the most important players in the cell's response to DNA damage. PARP-1 and ATM recognize and bound to both single and double strand DNA breaks in response to different triggers. Here we report that ATM and PARP-1 form a molecular complex in vivo in undamaged cells and this association increases after gamma-irradiation. ATM is also modified by PARP-1 during DNA damage. We have also evaluated the impact of PARP-1 absence or inhibition on ATM-kinase activity and have found that while PARP-1 deficient cells display a defective ATM-kinase activity and reduced gamma-H2AX foci formation in response to gamma-irradiation, PARP inhibition on itself is able to activate ATM-kinase. PARP inhibition induced gamma H2AX foci accumulation, in an ATM-dependent manner. Inhibition of PARP also induces DNA double strand breaks which were dependent on the presence of ATM. As consequence ATM deficient cells display an increased sensitivity to PARP inhibition. In summary our results show that while PARP-1 is needed in the response of ATM to gamma irradiation, the inhibition of PARP induces DNA double strand breaks (which are resolved in and ATM-dependent pathway) and activates ATM kinase.

La Connectivitat biològica entre el massís de l' Albera i el massís de les Salines: una aproximació des de la fauna vertebrada

Aquest projecte pretén estudiar la falta de connectivitat biològica entre la serra de l' Albera i el massís de les Salines (Pirineu empordanès)

Intake and home use of olive oil or mixed oils in relation to healthy lifestyles in a Mediterranean population. Findings from the prospective Pizarra study.

Discordances exist in epidemiological studies regarding the association between the intake of nutrients and death and disease. We evaluated the social and health profile of persons who consumed olive oil in a prospective population cohort investigation (Pizarra study) with a 6-year follow-up. A food frequency questionnaire and a 7 d quantitative questionnaire were administered to 538 persons. The type of oil used in food preparation was determined by direct measurement of the fatty acids in samples obtained from the kitchens of the participants at baseline and after follow-up for 6 years. The fatty acid composition of the serum phospholipids was used as an endogenous marker of the type of oil consumed. Total fat intake accounted for a mean 40 % of the energy (at baseline and after follow-up). The concordance in intake of MUFA over the study period was high. The fatty acid composition of the serum phospholipids was significantly associated with the type of oil consumed and with fish intake. The concentration of polar compounds and polymers, indicative of degradation, was greater in oils from the kitchens where sunflower oil or refined olive oil was used, in oils used for deep frying and in oils that had been reused for frying five times or more. Consumption of olive oil was directly associated with educational level. Part of the discordance found in epidemiological studies between diet and health may be due to the handling of oils during food preparation. The intake of olive oil is associated with other healthy habits.

Progression from high insulin resistance to type 2 diabetes does not entail additional visceral adipose tissue inflammation.

Obesity is associated with a low-grade chronic inflammation state. As a consequence, adipose tissue expresses pro-inflammatory cytokines that propagate inflammatory responses systemically elsewhere, promoting whole-body insulin resistance and consequential islet β-cell exhaustation. Thus, insulin resistance is considered the early stage of type 2 diabetes. However, there is evidence of obese individuals that never develop diabetes indicating that the mechanisms governing the association between the increase of inflammatory factors and type 2 diabetes are much more complex and deserve further investigation. We studied for the first time the differences in insulin signalling and inflammatory pathways in blood and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of 20 lean healthy donors and 40 equal morbidly obese (MO) patients classified in high insulin resistance (high IR) degree and diabetes state. We studied the changes in proinflammatory markers and lipid content from serum; macrophage infiltration, mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and transcription factors, activation of kinases involved in inflammation and expression of insulin signalling molecules in VAT. VAT comparison of these experimental groups revealed that type 2 diabetic-MO subjects exhibit the same pro-inflammatory profile than the high IR-MO patients, characterized by elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, JNK1/2, ERK1/2, STAT3 and NFκB. Our work rules out the assumption that the inflammation should be increased in obese people with type 2 diabetes compared to high IR obese. These findings indicate that some mechanisms, other than systemic and VAT inflammation must be involved in the development of type 2 diabetes in obesity.

La Estilística de Dámaso Alonso, Amado Alonso y Carlos Bousoño: Una aproximación a sus teorías de la expresión poética

Estudi dels crítics Dámaso Alonso, Amado Alonso i Carlos Bousoño, amb la intenció de delimitar sobretot el marc teòric dels seus estudis. L’autor parla de crítica estilística i d’escola estilística de la poesia

Obtenció i caracterització físico-química de sèrum de sang porcina

L’objectiu general d’aquest treball va ser posar a punt la metodologia d’obtenció de concentrats de sèrum (plasma sense fibrinogen) a escala de planta pilot, per poder obtenir una quantitat suficient de producte que permetés fer proves d’aplicació del sèrum com a substitut d’ingredients funcionals en productes carnis cuits o altres matrius alimentàries

Projecte d’una indústria elaboradora d’oli d’oliva al municipi de Ventalló (Alt Empordà)

Construcció d’una indústria elaboradora d’oli d’oliva al municipi de Ventalló, amb l’objectiu de definir les característiques tècniques i econòmiques de la fàbrica, instal• lacions i equipaments necessaris per a desenvolupar l’activitat, concretament: definició de les operacions del procés productiu per l’elaboració de l’oli d’oliva, per obtenir un producte final de característiques organolèptiques que satisfacin el client; dimensionament i definició dels elements i maquinària necessàries ; i establirment del cost de la inversió de la instal• lació de la indústria, la seva viabilitat i la rendibilitat del seu funcionament

Adherence to interferon β-1b treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis in Spain

BACKGROUND Adherence to interferon β-1b (INFβ-1b) therapy is essential to maximize the beneficial effects of treatment in multiple sclerosis (MS). For that reason, the main objectives of this study are to assess adherence to INFβ-1b in patients suffering from MS in Spain, and to identify the factors responsible for adherence in routine clinical practice. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS This was an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study including 120 Spanish patients with MS under INFβ-1b treatment. Therapeutic adherence was assessed with Morisky-Green test and with the percentage of doses received. The proportion of adherent patients assessed by Morisky-Green test was 68.3%, being indicative of poor adherence. Nevertheless, the percentage of doses received, which was based on the number of injected medication, was 94.3%. The main reason for missing INFβ-1b injections was forgetting some of the administrations (64%). Therefore, interventions that diminish forgetfulness might have a positive effect in the proportion of adherent patients and in the percentage of doses received. In addition, age and comorbidities had a significant effect in the number of doses injected per month, and should be considered in the management of adherence in MS patients. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Among all the available methods for assessing adherence, the overall consumption of the intended dose has to be considered when addressing adherence.

Proceso de inspección

En la port.: Secretaría General de Salud Pública y Participación

Gestió dels PAU's a la Diputació de Barcelona

Ponència presentada a la Jornada sobre plans d'autoprotecció

Síntesi de nanopartícules de platí per mitjà de metallosurfactants

En aquest treball es descriu un nou mètode per a la síntesi de nanopartícules de platí per mitjà de metallosurfactants preparats amb fosfines ambifíliques. L’objectiu bàsic consisteix en aprofitar la capacitat d’aquests compostos per formar agregats col·loïdals a fi d’afavorir i intentar controlar els processos de formació de nanopartícules metàl·liques. S’han emprat tres fosfines ambifíliques {Ph2P(CH2)nSO3Na; n=2 (L2), n=6 (L6), n=10 (L10)} per tal d’estudiar la influència de la llargada de la cadena hidrocarbonada en el procés de formació de nanopartícules. D’aquests tres lligands, s’han sintetitzat i caracteritzat els compostos L6 i L10 seguint els procediments descrits en estudis anteriors Per a la síntesi i estudis de complexació amb K2PtCl4, s’han fet servir unes condicions de treball que faciliten la formació de nanopartícules de platí. L’anàlisi dels complexos de platí existents en el medi de reacció mitjançant RMN 31P ha demostrat que es formen especies cis-[PtCl2(Ln)] en tots els casos i que l’augment de la temperatura de reacció afavoreix la formació de complexos quelats (P,O). Aquest fenomen és més important en els lligands amb la cadena hidrocarbonada més curta (L2&& L6& L10). S’han dut a terme estudis d’adsorció i d’agregació mitjançant mesures de tensiometria i de Dynamic Ligth Scattering (DLS) per tal de poder determinar les propietats tensioactives dels metallosurfactants i comparar-les amb estudis anteriors. Finalment, per tal d’obtenir nanopartícules de platí, s’ha dut a terme la reducció després de la formació dels metallosurfactants fent servir borhidrur de sodi com agent reductor. La caracterització de les nanopartícules s’ha centrat en l’ús de tècniques de microscòpia electrònica.

Applications of the hexanic fraction of Agave sisalana Perrine ex Engelm (Asparagaceae): control of inflammation and pain screening

The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Agave sisalana Perrine in classic models of inflammation and pain. The hexanic fraction of A. sisalana (HFAS) was obtained by acid hydrolysis followed by hexanic reflux. Anti-inflammatory properties were examined in three acute mouse models (xylene ear oedema, hind paw oedema and pleurisy) and a chronic mouse model (granuloma cotton pellet). The antinociceptive potential was evaluated in chemical (acetic-acid) and thermal (tail-flick and hot-plate test) models of pain. When given orally, HFAS (5, 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg) reduced ear oedema (p < 0.0001; 52%, 71%, 62% and 42%, respectively). HFAS also reduced hind paw oedema at doses of 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg (p < 0.05; 42% and 58%, respectively) and pleurisy at doses of 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg (41% and 50%, respectively). In a chronic model, HFAS reduced inflammation by 46% and 58% at doses of 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively. Moreover, this fraction showed analgesic properties against the abdominal writhing in an acetic acid model (at doses of 5-25 mg/kg) with inhibitory rates of 24%, 54% and 48%. The HFAS also showed an increased latency time in the hot-plate (23% and 28%) and tail-flick tests (61% and 66%) for the 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg doses, respectively. These results suggest that HFAS has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.