1000 resultados para . Visão sistêmica
Resumo:
A avaliação psicológica tem se caracterizado como uma das principais fases do processo de seleção de pessoal nas organizações. Entretanto, sua realização não se restringe apenas à aplicação de instrumentos e à avaliação dos resultados. Duas outras importantes etapas que dela fazem parte são o planejamento inicial e a devolutiva dos resultados, além de uma base teórica que norteie todo o processo. Dessa forma, este artigo visa lançar, sobre essas diferentes etapas da prática da avaliação psicológica em processos seletivos, um olhar teoricamente embasado na abordagem sistêmica, buscando levantar contribuições a sua aplicação.
Resumo:
Este artigo apresenta uma breve revisão de alguns dos mais recentes métodos bioinspirados baseados no comportamento de populações para o desenvolvimento de técnicas de solução de problemas. As metaheurÃsticas tratadas aqui correspondem à s estratégias de otimização por colônia de formigas, otimização por enxame de partÃculas, algoritmo shuffled frog-leaping, coleta de alimentos por bactérias e colônia de abelhas. Os princÃpios biológicos que motivaram o desenvolvimento de cada uma dessas estratégias, assim como seus respectivos algoritmos computacionais, são introduzidos. Duas aplicações diferentes foram conduzidas para exemplificar o desempenho de tais algoritmos. A finalidade é enfatizar perspectivas de aplicação destas abordagens em diferentes problemas da área de engenharia.
Resumo:
No momento em que se discute a inclusão de alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais em escolas regulares, faz-se necessário desenvolver trabalhos de pesquisa que se dediquem a analisar as implicações da formação continuada de professores. Neste sentido, estabeleceu-se o objetivo de investigar aspectos relativos à s necessidades de duas professoras itinerantes, participantes de um programa de formação. Tal programa, voltado para o acompanhamento de alunos com baixa visão, pretendeu oferecer a essas professoras, sem conhecimentos especÃficos em deficiência visual, elementos dessa formação, e analisar a natureza das implicações evidenciadas ao longo do processo, do qual foi possÃvel depreender que o desenvolvimento das funções visuais constitui-se em valioso referencial teórico, bem como o fato de estar regularmente na escola, conversar com as professoras, discutir como proceder, avaliar retroativamente os exercÃcios e ajudar a planejar estratégias com base nas análises feitas foram as principais vantagens de atuar de forma colaborativa.
Resumo:
Discute-se a determinação social da saúde materno-infantil nas Américas, a partir de inúmeras publicações e recomendações oficiais. Observou-se que nem todos os estudos valorizam apropriadamente as variáveis sociais e que muitos deles as consideram no mesmo nÃvel de importância das variáveis biológicas. Como conseqüência, a compreensão final dos achados fica prejudicada e as conclusões e recomendações extraÃdas ficam longe de tocar a raiz dos problemas. Diferentes variáveis sociais (como escolaridade materna ou assistência médica) encontram-se freqüentemente associadas com variáveis biológicas (como peso ao nascer ou estado nutricional). Esta associação, no entanto, pode não representar uma relação causai, mas tão somente a ocorrência simultânea de caracterÃsticas pertencentes a uma única classe social. Reitera-se a necessidade de estudos que reconheçam as classes sociais e analisem os resultados sobre saúde materno-infantil em relação à s mesmas. Estes estudos provavelmente evidenciarão a importância social da saúde materno-infantil e evitarão as habituais diretrizes e recomendações restritas ao plano puramente técnico.
Resumo:
The aim of this work was to revise the main concepts involved in the physical-chemistry of the sol-gel process. First, the preparation and its influence on the gel's structure are focalized; the sol-gel transition is revised under the thermodynamics of crytical phenomena point of view and by considering the kinetic models of aggregation. Second, the experimental methods usually used to characterize the sol-gel transition are discussed.
Resumo:
Persistent cough leads individuals to seek for medical assistance. Clinical investigation, however, may not reveal any alteration within the clinic's sphere of action. Often enough, some professionals treat the symptom as a disease, introducing several medicines, unsuccessfully. The author's experience, as an otolaryngologist, allows to state that many of these professionals ignore the upper aerodigestive tract as a cough-generator site. The present work discusses the alterations on the mentioned tract, which may provoke the cough reflex, reviewing, initially, the cough mechanism and the localization of the specific receptors. Cough is produce by stimulus at the receptor level or far from it. In upper and lower parts of the aerodigestive tract secretions may run to several directions. Secretion from the paranasal sinus is a frequent cause of cough. Acute sinusitis may occur insidiously bringing about the chronification of the inflammation with cough being the only great apparent symptom. Nasal and dental alterations favor sinusal infection. Signs and symptoms, even if minimum, may be detected through an accurate anamnesis. Nasal allergy, laryngitis, post nasal dripping and septal deviation may also produce cough. The ORL examination is, therefore, imperative, and no radiologic examination can substitute for it. An inadequate treatment, particularly of the sinusitis, may bring about a worsening and extension of the initial condition.
Resumo:
Purpose: To study the effects of two drugs (captopril and propranolol) used in the treatment of systemic hypertension, on the intraocular pressure (IOP) of anesthetized dogs. Methods: 24 dogs, divided into 3 groups of 8 each. In the first group, 1.5 mg/kg IV of captopril (an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) was administered. In the second group, 1.5 mg/kg IV of propranolol (a beta-blocker) was administered. The third group was the control. IOP and blood pressure (BP) were measured by manometry. The perfusion pressure was calculated by the difference between BP and IOP (BP-IOP). The parameters were studied at 6 moments (0, 10, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes). Results: There was significant reduction of IOP (p<0.05) with captopril and propranolol, without difference between the drugs. With captopril the BP and PP decreased markedly at 10 and 30 minutes. With propranolol there was no reduction of BP or PP. Conclusions: Captopril and propranolol reduced IOP. However, the marked reduction of BP, and consequently of PP caused by captopril may be undesirable for irrigation of the optic nerve.
Resumo:
As arterial hypertension can be diagnosed by different methods, among which are the traditional auscultatory instrument and the automated oscillometric monitor, the aim of this study was to compare the performance of these instruments, to evaluate the reliability of the digital oscillometer. The sample consisted of 40 patients under dental treatment, whose blood pressure measurements were recorded. The measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressures were evaluated in terms of their intraclass correlation coefficients (r). For systolic blood pressure, an excellent level of agreement was found between the instruments, with r=0.93, and for diastolic blood pressure, there was a good level of agreement (r=0.75). It was concluded, from the excellent agreement for systolic blood pressure, that the oscillometric monitor can be recommended for the monitoring of the variations of that pressure in the same individual, while the good agreement obtained in the determination of the diastolic blood pressure indicates that the oscillometric method is reliable. However, new studies need to be carried out for a better understanding of the disagreements that can occur in the diastolic pressure results.
Resumo:
This exploratory descriptive study, of qualitative nature had the purpose to study how the nurses from a hospital school see the family as care participants. Six nurses from clinics of chronically ill patients were interviewed. The data analysis allowed to infer that the nurses had only little knowledge of the family's thematic during graduation, making the relationship with the accompanying families very difficult. Daily care during hospitalization period is marked by easy moments when members are willing to participate in the process, and by difficulties when they attempt to break institutional rules. It was suggested that new nurses have theoretical foundation to attend the family in several scenarios of care. It was considered the need of investments in professional training, and that the advance of humanization of services implies in exchange and integration of knowledge among patients, family members, health professionals, support staff and managers beyond the science field.
Resumo:
Incluye BibliografÃa
Resumo:
In addition to cognitive impairment, apathy is increasingly recognized as an important neuropsychiatric syndrome in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aims: To identify the relationship between dementia severity and apathy levels, and to discuss the association of this condition with other psychopathological manifestations in AD patients. Methods: This study involved 15 AD patients (mean age: 77 years; schooling: 4.9 years), with mild, moderate and severe dementia, living in Rio Claro S P, Brazil. Procedures included evaluation of cognitive status by the Mini-Mental State Examination, Clinical Dementia Rating, and Global Deterioration Scale. Apathy syndrome was assessed by the Apathy Evaluation Scale and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-apathy domain). Other psychopathological manifestations such as depression were also considered. Results: Patients with more severe dementia presented higher levels of apathy, reinforcing the hypothesis that apathy severity aggravates as the disease progresses. Using the Spearman coefficient correlation an association was identified between the MMSE and Apathy Evaluation Scale (r=0.63; p=0.01), and also between the MMSE and NPI-apathy domain (r=0.81; p=0.01). Associations were also found between the Global Deterioration Scale and Apathy Evaluation Scale (r=0.58; p=0.02), and between the Global Deterioration Scale and NPI-apathy domain (r=0.81; p=0.01). Conclusions: Apathy is a distinct syndrome among patients with AD and increases with global deterioration.
Resumo:
Prólogo de Alicia Bárcena
Resumo:
Incluye BibliografÃa