Organisation de l'information et des données statistiques dans le domaine de l'environnement: propositions méthodologiques

Inclut la bibliographie

Les enquêtes militaires et l-organisation des intellectuels de gauche au Brésil dans les années 1960

This article has as its object of analysis the Inquiries Police-Military, adocumentation produced during the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985)and today it’s important sources for historians, sociologists, political scientists to understand the internal dynamics of repression, as well as specifying certainnetworks communist militancy and the engagement of progressive sectorsagainst the military government. Documents, court proceedings that currently in Brazil endorse the work of the Truth Commission, which seeks to ascertain the fate of disappeared politicians and determine the actions of the organs of repression during the military dictatorship in Brazil.

Metacommunity organisation, spatial extent and dispersal in aquatic systems: patterns, processes and prospects

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Organisation and tyrosine hydroxylase and calretinin immunoreactivity in the main olfactory bulb of paca (cuniculus paca): a large caviomorph rodent

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

THE ORGANISATION OF RABBIT CONTROL (Oryctolagus cuniculus) IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA

ABSTRACT: Under Western Australian legislation, landholders have an obligation to control rabbits on their properties; local authorities the responsibility to supervise their work whilst the Agriculture Protection Board has a Statewide supervisory and co-ordination role. Prior to 1950 (when the Agriculture Protection Board was formed) the central role was in the hands of a Government department which, through lack of staff and money was unable to provide adequate supervision, and rabbits were in plague proportions. Since 1950, the Board has actively engaged in a vigorous policy aimed at tighter control and supervision. To enable this, the Board has entered into a voluntary scheme with local authorities whereby the role of local supervision of landholders is passed to staff employed by the Board, but jointly financed by the local authority and the Board. A contract poisoning service is also pro¬vided by the Agriculture Protection Board to any landholder who is unable or unwilling, to meet his obligations in this area. Both services are subsidised. Two of the major reasons for the poor level of control existing before 1950, have thereby been minimised. Soon after its formation, the Board set up a research section which has devoted nearly all of its activities to applied research on control of the State's many vertebrate pest problems. In the rabbit control area, poisoning has received most attention. The "One-Shot" method of poisoning was developed after years of research. Fumigation is at present being closely studied as is the economics of complete eradication from some areas of the State. Greatest needs in the applied rabbit research field at present are: (1) a selective poison, or poisoning regime, which will not harm stock, and (2) a more complete understanding of the economics of control and eradication. The serious rabbit problem which existed in 1950 has been reduced to very small proportions, by organisational development using local research findings. These organisational developments have been implemented by circumvention rather than confrontation.

Evidence-based guidelines for interpreting change scores for the European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30

Aim: To use published literature and experts' opinion to investigate the clinical meaning and magnitude of changes in the Quality of Life (QOL) of groups of patients measured with the European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30). Methods: An innovative method combining systematic review of published studies, expert opinions and meta-analysis was used to estimate large, medium, and small mean changes over time for QLQ-C30 scores. Results: Nine hundred and eleven papers were identified, leading to 118 relevant papers. One thousand two hundred and thirty two mean changes in QOL over time were combined in the meta-analysis, with timescales ranging from four days to five years. Guidelines were produced for trivial, small, and medium size classes, for each subscale and for improving and declining scores separately. Estimates for improvements were smaller than respective estimates for declines. Conclusions: These guidelines can be used to aid sample size calculations and interpretation of mean changes over time from groups of patients. Observed mean changes in the QLQ-C30 scores are generally small in most clinical situations, possibly due to response shift. Careful consideration is needed when planning studies where QOL changes over time are of primary interest; the timing of follow up, sample attrition, direction of QOL changes, and subscales of primary interest are key considerations. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cell organisation, sulphur metabolism and ion transport-related genes are differentially expressed in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis mycelium and yeast cells

Abstract Background Mycelium-to-yeast transition in the human host is essential for pathogenicity by the fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and both cell types are therefore critical to the establishment of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a systemic mycosis endemic to Latin America. The infected population is of about 10 million individuals, 2% of whom will eventually develop the disease. Previously, transcriptome analysis of mycelium and yeast cells resulted in the assembly of 6,022 sequence groups. Gene expression analysis, using both in silico EST subtraction and cDNA microarray, revealed genes that were differential to yeast or mycelium, and we discussed those involved in sugar metabolism. To advance our understanding of molecular mechanisms of dimorphic transition, we performed an extended analysis of gene expression profiles using the methods mentioned above. Results In this work, continuous data mining revealed 66 new differentially expressed sequences that were MIPS(Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences)-categorised according to the cellular process in which they are presumably involved. Two well represented classes were chosen for further analysis: (i) control of cell organisation – cell wall, membrane and cytoskeleton, whose representatives were hex (encoding for a hexagonal peroxisome protein), bgl (encoding for a 1,3-β-glucosidase) in mycelium cells; and ags (an α-1,3-glucan synthase), cda (a chitin deacetylase) and vrp (a verprolin) in yeast cells; (ii) ion metabolism and transport – two genes putatively implicated in ion transport were confirmed to be highly expressed in mycelium cells – isc and ktp, respectively an iron-sulphur cluster-like protein and a cation transporter; and a putative P-type cation pump (pct) in yeast. Also, several enzymes from the cysteine de novo biosynthesis pathway were shown to be up regulated in the yeast form, including ATP sulphurylase, APS kinase and also PAPS reductase. Conclusion Taken together, these data show that several genes involved in cell organisation and ion metabolism/transport are expressed differentially along dimorphic transition. Hyper expression in yeast of the enzymes of sulphur metabolism reinforced that this metabolic pathway could be important for this process. Understanding these changes by functional analysis of such genes may lead to a better understanding of the infective process, thus providing new targets and strategies to control PCM.

Kolloidale Organisation auf lithographisch hergestellten Silanschichten

Das Ziel dieser Arbeit bestand darin, neue Möglichkeiten der Strukturbildung auf Oberflächen durch Selbstorganisation von kolloidalen Modellobjekten auf lateral vorstrukturierten Molekülschichten zu erforschen. Im ersten Schritt wurden hierfür verschiedene Alkoxy- und Chlorsilane auf Silicasubstraten abgeschieden, womit funktionelle Oberflächen mit hydrophoben, geladenen und reaktiven Gruppen hergestellt werden konnten. Die Schichten zeichnen sich durch hohe Qualität bezüglich des Bedeckungs- grades, der Rauhigkeit und Dicke aus. Die laterale Strukturierung dieser Silanschichten konnte hierbei durch Photolithographie realisiert werden. Dadurch wurden Träger mit chemisch unterscheidbaren Bereichen (hydrophob- hydrophil, ungeladen-geladen, inert-reaktiv) erhalten. In einem zweiten Schritt wurden für die Objektorganisation maßgeschneiderte Latexteilchen aus Polystyrol, Polyacrylaten und Polymethacrylaten mit unterschiedlichen Emulsions- polymerisationstechniken hergestellt. Dabei konnte die Teilchengröße (zwischen 50 und 600 nm), die Morphologie und die Oberflächenbelegungsdichte (bis zu 7 Ų für eine ladungstragende Gruppe) eingestellt werden. In einem dritten Schritt wurden durch gezielte Organisation dispergierte Modellkolloide auf lateral vorstrukturierten Silanschichten unter Ausnutzung hydrophober und elektrostatischer Wechselwirkungen angelagert. In Abhängigkeit der Assemblierungsbedingungen (verschiedene Oberflächenladung, pH, Trocknungsbedingungen) konnte eine Präferenz der Partikel für bestimmte Oberflächenregionen im Vergleich zu anderen gefunden werden.Darüber hinaus konnte eine neue Methode zur Oberflächen- modifikation von bereits assemblierten Latexteilchen durch niederenergetische Elektronenstrahlung gefunden werden. Abhängig von der Beschleunigungsspannung wurden elektronen- induzierte Vernetzungs- oder Verfilmungsprozesse beobachtet, welche durch Morphologieänderungen im Latexfilm deutlich wurden. Die Methode kann zur Feinstrukturierung von selektiv adsorbierten Latices verwendet werden, wodurch mehrere Hierarchiestufen der Strukturbildung auf Oberflächen an einem System aus relativ einfachen Modulen (Polymerkugeln und Substrate) zugänglich sind.