Mães adolescentes: estrutura e funcionamento familiar

Pós-graduação em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem - FC

Strategies to improve the efficiency of genomic selection in animal breeding programs

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Triagem de cinco espécies de plantas medicinais usadas na Amazônia através da análise de secreção de histamina

A Organização Mundial de Saúde recomenda o estudo e o uso de plantas medicinais regionais, como fonte de recursos para diminuir os custos dos programas de saúde pública e ampliar o número de beneficiários, sobretudo em países subdesenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Na Amazônia, a prática da fitoterapia já é parte integral da cultura tradicional, mas em muitas ocasiões existe uma profunda carência de conhecimento científico sobre o efeito dessas plantas. Portanto se torna essencial o estudo com base científica que justifique ou não a indicação dessas plantas para o tratamento ou prevenção doenças. Nesse contexto, as doenças alérgicas são a segunda maior complicação que afeta significativamente a qualidade de vida da população. Nas alergias, os mastócitos são células efetoras chaves participando através da liberação de diversos mediadores pró-inflamatórios, entre eles a histamina. A estabilização de mastócitos e, portanto a inibição da liberação de histamina seria um fator primordial na prevenção e/ou controle das alergias. Assim o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial antialérgico de 5 espécies oriundas ou adaptadas na Amazônia Connarus perrottetii var. angustifolius (Radlk) (barbatimão do pará), Fridericia chica (Bonpl.) L.G. Lohmann (pariri), Luehea speciosa Willd (açoita cavalo), Morinda citrifolia Linn (noni) e Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A.H. Gentry (cipó d´alho) através da análise de secreção de histamina. Foi realizada a prospecção fitoquímica de extratos brutos etanólicos a 70% de cada espécie de planta (fruto, folhas e/ou casca) e avaliada a liberação de histamina de mastócitos peritoneais de rato incubados in vitro com diferentes concentrações dos extratos e/ou com agentes secretores (composto 48/80 e ionóforo A23187). O presente trabalho monstra pela primeira vez a ação inibitória dessas cinco plantas medicinais sobre a liberação de histamina. Dentre essas 5 plantas, o extrato que demonstrou um efeito mais potente foi o da casca da Connarus perrottetii var. angustifolius (Radlk). Um estudo mais aprofundado desse extrato revelou uma baixa toxicidade aguda e a ausência de genotoxicidade, o que apoiaria seu uso como planta medicinal. As frações aquosa, hexânica e de acetato de etila desse extrato também apresentaram potente efeito inibitório sobre a liberação induzida de histamina. A análise fitoquímica por cromatografia de camada delgada revelou a presença de taninos condensados, catequinas e flavonoides que poderiam ser os responsáveis por esses potentes efeitos Mediante os resultados obtidos, novas bases científicas são formadas para elucidação das informações etnofarmacológicas de plantas tradicionalmente utilizadas na região amazônica. Assim, a possibilidade de investigar alternativas terapêuticas com estes extratos, contra as afeções alérgicas ou condições em que a secreção de mastócitos seja relevante, pode favorecer sobretudo a populações de baixa renda e que habitam áreas com acesso restrito aos centros de saúde, como muitas vezes ocorre na Amazônia, mas que por outro lado tem acesso direto às plantas medicinais.

Effect of different exercise programs on the psychological and cognitive functions of people with Parkinson's disease

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of different exercise programs on the psychological and cognitive functions in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Forty-five patients with PD participated in the study. The participants were randomized in three intervention programs: Group-1 (n=15, cognitive-activities), Group-2 (n=15, multimodal exercise) and Group-3 (n=15, exercises for posture and gait). The clinical, psychological and cognitive functions were assessed before and after 4 months of intervention. Univariate analysis did not reveal significant interactions between groups and time (p>0.05). However, univariate analysis for time revealed differences in stress level and memory. Participants showed less physical stress (p<0.01) and overall stress (p < 0.04) and higher performance in episodic declarative memory (p < 0.001) after exercise. These findings suggest that group work with motor or non-motor activities can improve cognitive and psychological functions of patients with PD.

Early light reduction for preventing retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants

BackgroundRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a complex condition of the developing retinal blood vessels and is one of the leading causes of preventable childhood blindness. Several risk factors for ROP have been studied over the past 50 years. Among them, general immaturity (low birth weight and low gestational age) and prolonged oxygen therapy have been consistently related to disease onset. However, it is understood that the progression of the disease is multifactorial and may be associated with others risk factors, such as multiple gestation, apnoea, intracranial haemorrhage, anaemia, sepsis, prolonged mechanical ventilation, multiple transfusions and light exposure. Furthermore, the precise role of these individual factors in the development of the disease has not yet been well established.ObjectivesTo determine whether the reduction of early environmental light exposure reduces the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) or poor ROP outcomes among very low birth weight infants.Search methodsWe searched the following databases: the Cochrane Neonatal Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, HealthSTAR, Science Citation Index Database, CANCERLIT, the Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials and www.clinicaltrials.gov. We also searched previous reviews including cross-references, abstracts, conference and symposia proceedings, and contacted expert informants. This search was updated in October 2012.Selection criteriaRandomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials that reduced light exposure to premature infants within the first seven days following birth were considered for this review. We also considered cluster-randomised controlled trials.Data collection and analysisData on clinical outcomes including any acute ROP and poor ROP outcome were extracted by both review authors independently and consensus reached. We conducted data analysis according to the standards of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group.Main resultsData from four randomised trials with a total of 897 participants failed to show any reduction in acute ROP or poor ROP outcome with the reduction of ambient light to premature infants' retinas. The overall methodological quality of the included studies was about evenly split between those in which the classification was unclear and those in which the studies were categorised as low risk of bias. There was no report on the secondary outcomes considered in this review: quality of life measures; and time of exposure to oxygen.Authors' conclusionsThe evidence shows that bright light is not the cause of retinopathy of prematurity and that the reduction of exposure of the retinas of premature infants to light has no effect on the incidence of the disease.

The effect of a minor constituent of essential oil from Citrus aurantium: The role of beta-myrcene in preventing peptic ulcer disease

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Prevalence of health promotion programs in primary health care units in Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Characteristics of physical activity programs in the Brazilian primary health care system

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cardiac risk stratification in cardiac rehabilitation programs: a review of protocols

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Immunization of Wistar female rats with 255-Gy-irradiated Toxoplasma gondii: Preventing parasite load and maternofoetal transmission

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

As atividades circenses e a formação continuada de professores: análise de um processo

Circus activities have formed over the years as an important content to be exploited by the teachers in the school environment, and current projections, the inclusion of circus activities in physical education classes has been presented and defended by several authors. That being so, the objective was to offer a continuing education program thematising circus activities having as research focused on the analysis of this training process, as well as their implications, contributions, opportunities and challenges for teacher pedagogical practice. The research, qualitative, was developed in two phases: a questionnaire for physical education teachers working in public schools in order to highlight the reasons for the absence of most of the teachers in the training program. The second phase included the development of the continuing education program content circus activities in the continuing education of physical education teachers, the two teachers in the school environment, as well as analysis and reflection of teacher participation in the training program, described in daily class and daily meetings ending this step with a final interview. Participated in the study, 13 physical education teachers of the municipal school system of a city of São Paulo, of which only two teachers participated in the development of the training program in schools. The teachers manifestations through the questionnaire and participation in the training program showed that teachers make themselves available to participate in continuing education programs, however, the priorities of each teacher (such as family, leisure or other chores) can demarcate difficulties in establishing common to all teachers moments, preventing the effective participation of teachers within the continuing education programs. On the other hand, the school is set up as a rich space of experiences and exchanges of experience, contributing to the development of continuing education programs

Ecological and toxicological responses in a multistressor scenario: are monitoring programs showing the stressors or just showing stress? A case study in Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Direct retrospective comparison of adalimumab and infliximab in preventing early postoperative endoscopic recurrence after ileocaecal resection for crohn's disease: results from the MULTIPER database

Both adalimumab [ADA] and infliximab [IFX] seem to be effective in the prevention of early postoperative endoscopic recurrence [EPER] after ileocaecal resection in Crohn's disease [CD] patients. There is lack of data with direct comparison between the two agents in the postoperative scenario. The aim of this study was to compare the rates of EPER in patients treated with ADA and IFX after ileocaecal resection for CD. This was a multicentre retrospective analysis of EPER rates in CD patients after ileocaecal resections, from seven referral centres in three countries. Endoscopic recurrence was defined as Rutgeerts' score ≥ i2. The patients were allocated according to treatment to two groups: ADA or IFX. The EPER rates were compared between the two treatment groups. Among the 168 patients included in the database, 96 received anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] agents after resection [37 in the ADA and 59 in the IFX groups] and were included in this comparative study. The groups were comparable in all baseline characteristics, mainly age, gender, previous resections, perianal CD, and mono or combination therapy. EPER was identified in 9/37 [24.32%] in the ADA group vs 16/59 [27.12%] in the IFX group [p = 0.815]. In this retrospective direct comparison between ADA and IFX therapy after ileocaecal resection, there was no significant difference between the two anti-TNF agents in terms of EPER rates. However, prospective randomised studies are needed to confirm these data and better define the role of each agent in the prevention of EPER.