Detecting Loci under Recent Positive Selection in Dairy and Beef Cattle by Combining Different Genome-Wide Scan Methods

As the methodologies available for the detection of positive selection from genomic data vary in terms of assumptions and execution, weak correlations are expected among them. However, if there is any given signal that is consistently supported across different methodologies, it is strong evidence that the locus has been under past selection. In this paper, a straightforward frequentist approach based on the Stouffer Method to combine P-values across different tests for evidence of recent positive selection in common variations, as well as strategies for extracting biological information from the detected signals, were described and applied to high density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data generated from dairy and beef cattle (taurine and indicine). The ancestral Bovinae allele state of over 440,000 SNP is also reported. Using this combination of methods, highly significant (P<3.17×10-7) population-specific sweeps pointing out to candidate genes and pathways that may be involved in beef and dairy production were identified. The most significant signal was found in the Cornichon homolog 3 gene (CNIH3) in Brown Swiss (P = 3.82×10-12), and may be involved in the regulation of pre-ovulatory luteinizing hormone surge. Other putative pathways under selection are the glucolysis/gluconeogenesis, transcription machinery and chemokine/cytokine activity in Angus; calpain-calpastatin system and ribosome biogenesis in Brown Swiss; and gangliosides deposition in milk fat globules in Gyr. The composite method, combined with the strategies applied to retrieve functional information, may be a useful tool for surveying genome-wide selective sweeps and providing insights in to the source of selection.

Reconhecimento social e autonomia intersubjetiva: direito e inclusão da pessoa com deficiência no mercado de trabalho

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

Expressão gênica e imunoistoquímica da estrase específica da próstata canina (CPSE), do antígeno específico da próstata (PSA) e da fosfatase ácida prostática (PAP) em cães

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Epidemiological and oral manifestations of HIV-positive patients in a specialized service in Brazil

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of oral lesions in HIV-positive patients attending the Specialized Service for Infectious-contagious Diseases and Parasitoses of the Health Secretariat of the State of Pará (URE-DIPE/SESPA), in the city of Belém, PA, Brazil. A total of 79 HIV-positive patients (53 males and 26 females) were examined. Clinical and epidemiological evaluations were done by correlating the lesions with gender, race, chronological age, risk behavior and prevailing immune status (CD4+ cells count). Lesion location and the presence of associated factors, such as alcohol use, smoking and denture wearing, were quantified individually for each type of lesion using a diagnostic pattern based on the clinical aspects. Approximately 47% of the patients (n=37) presented some type of oral lesion. Candidiasis (28%) and periodontal disease (28%) were the most common, followed by cervical-facial lymphadenopathy (17.5%). Other lesions observed were hairy leukoplakia, melanin hyperpigmentation, ulcerative stomatitis (aphthous), herpes simplex, frictional keratosis and pyogenic granuloma. This analysis presented some relevance as to the statistical data. Concerning CD4+ cells, most lesions manifested with the reduction of the CD count. There were a larger number of HIV-positive female heterosexual patients. Alcohol and/or smoking were strongly associated with the occurrence of hairy leukoplakia in these patients. Candidiasis and periodontal disease were the most common oro-regional clinical manifestations in the patients.

Serological Evidence of HTLV-I and HTLV-II Coinfections in HIV-1 Positive Patients in Belém, State of Pará, Brazil

ABSTRACT: The occurrence of HTLV-I/II and HIV-1 coinfections have been shown to be frequent, probably in consequence of their similar modes of transmission. This paper presents the prevalence of coinfection of HTLV among HIV-1 infected and AIDS patients in Belém, State of Pará, Brazil. A group of 149 patients attending the AIDS Reference Unit of the State Department of Health was tested for the presence of antibodies to HTLV-I/II using an enzyme immunoassay and the positive reactions were confirmed with a Western blot that discriminates between HTLV-I and HTLV-II infections. Four patients (2.7%) were positive to HTLV-I, seven (4.7%) to HTLV-II and one (0.7%) showed an indeterminate pattern of reaction. The present results show for the first time in Belém not only the occurrence of HTLV-II/HIV-1 coinfections but also a higher prevalence of HTLV-II in relation to HTLV-I. Furthermore, it also enlarges the geographical limits of the endemic area for HTLV-II in the Amazon region of Brazil.

Erradicação de focos da doença de Aujeszky em suínos no Estado de São Paulo: duas estratégias de ação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

“João e Maria”: uma observação psicanalítica sobre a experiência de crianças em situação de abrigamento

Tendo em vista a importância do ambiente, das relações afetivas e dos efeitos negativos da privação materna nos primeiros anos de vida para o desenvolvimento infantil, a presente pesquisa buscou compreender a experiência de crianças em situação de abrigamento. Para tanto, foram observadas duas crianças, na faixa etária de 23 a 31 meses, de nomes fictícios João e Maria, cujas histórias de vida proporcionaram uma analogia com o conto “João e Maria” dos Irmãos Grimm. As observações foram realizadas em um abrigo estadual, que acolhe crianças de zero a seis anos de idade, na cidade de Belém-PA. As sessões ocorreram duas vezes por semana, com duração de uma hora, durante cinco meses, a partir da aplicação do Método Bick de Observação de Bebês, em seus três momentos distintos: observação, anotação e supervisão em grupo. Os resultados foram organizados em três categorias: 1) O ambiente de cuidado de João e Maria, 2) João e Maria revelados por suas peripécias, e 3) Encontros com a observadora-narradora, sendo esses três eixos analisados com base na perspectiva psicanalítica winnicottiana. Na primeira categoria, foram apresentados fragmentos da história de vida de João e Maria, além de aspectos referentes aos cuidados recebidos nesse contexto, que estiveram permeados, principalmente, por carência de afeto e ausência na priorização das necessidades reais, no tempo e ritmo das crianças, possivelmente em função da dinâmica institucional. Na segunda categoria, foram abordadas as brincadeiras de João e Maria, associadas especialmente ao contato corporal e à relação de cuidados envolvendo seus pares e a observadora, cuja temática mais frequente foi da alimentação. Na terceira e última categoria, foram apresentados os sentimentos, as dificuldades e o aprendizado da observadora, bem como, a sua mobilização interna diante da história de vida das duas crianças e das particularidades do ambiente. Portanto, foi constatado que João e Maria buscavam cuidar e serem cuidados, o que, em sua maioria, envolvia contato corporal e afetivo; mostraram-se disponíveis no contato com o outro e se permitiram criar vínculos afetivos, aspectos saudáveis e positivos para o desenvolvimento infantil. Indubitavelmente, o entendimento da teoria winnicottiana e a utilização do Método Bick de Observação de Bebês contribuíram para a compreensão da experiência de João e Maria e colaboraram significativamente para uma apreensão da realidade dessas crianças e dos seus contextos de desenvolvimento.

Application of continuous positive airway pressure in the delivery room: a multicenter randomized clinical trial

This study evaluated whether the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the delivery room alters the need for mechanical ventilation and surfactant during the first 5 days of life and modifies the incidence of respiratory morbidity and mortality during the hospital stay. The study was a multicenter randomized clinical trial conducted in five public university hospitals in Brazil, from June 2008 to December 2009. Participants were 197 infants with birth weight of 1000-1500 g and without major birth defects. They were treated according to the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics (APP). Infants not intubated or extubated less than 15 min after birth were randomized for two treatments, routine or CPAP, and were followed until hospital discharge. The routine (n=99) and CPAP (n=98) infants studied presented no statistically significant differences regarding birth characteristics, complications during the prenatal period, the need for mechanical ventilation during the first 5 days of life (19.2 vs 23.4%, P=0.50), use of surfactant (18.2 vs 17.3% P=0.92), or respiratory morbidity and mortality until discharge. The CPAP group required a greater number of doses of surfactant (1.5 vs 1.0, P=0.02). When CPAP was applied to the routine group, it was installed within a median time of 30 min. We found that CPAP applied less than 15 min after birth was not able to reduce the need for ventilator support and was associated with a higher number of doses of surfactant when compared to CPAP applied as clinically indicated within a median time of 30 min.

The Positive Effects of Priming Exercise on Oxygen Uptake Kinetics and High-Intensity Exercise Performance Are Not Magnified by a Fast-Start Pacing Strategy in Trained Cyclists

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Development of diagnostic methods and study of the immunoreactivity of a mixture of recombinant core and E2 proteins fused to GST with control serum positive for hepatitis C

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Diastolic function and functional capacity after a single session of continuous positive airway pressure in patients with compensated heart failure

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A afetividade nas práticas pedagógicas: atitudes e expressões verbais nas interações professora- crianças, sob a perspectiva de Henri Wallon

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Positive Solution for a Class of Degenerate Quasilinear Elliptic Equations in R-N

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)