Produção de estrutura com gradiente de porosidade a partir da sinterização por plasma da mistura de pós Ti-Nb-Sn

Porous structures are being widely investigated for use in biomedical implants, aiming to mechanically integrate and functionally the implant inside the bone tissue. Moreover, this structure is also important for drugs that can be stored and can induce and accelerate the process of osseointegration. With the purpose to investigate this effect, Ti, Nb and Sn metal powders, were sintered by plasma using a hollow cathode discharge. Sintering was performed in argon plasma set at 4 mbar pressure and temperatures of 500 ° C, 600 ° C and 700 ° C. Samples were also sintered in the electrical resistance furnace at 1200 ° C in order to compare plasma sintering with the conventional method. It was observed that plasma samples sintered with the hollow cathode configuration showed a gradient in porosity, while the samples sintered in the resistive furnace did not. Furthermore, differences in the microstructure of the samples were found, were a surface with higher porosity and ales porous core were obtained at different temperatures. The percolation profile of distilled water and the chemical compositions of the porous layers of the plasma treated samples were the main results obtained. Based on these results, we can conclude that this structure is particularly important for application in the biomedical field such as scaffolds for drug delivery and implants

O conforto do idoso em pós-operatório na perspectiva do enfermeiro

Objetivou-se identificar o cuidado realizado pelo enfermeiro para o conforto de pacientes idosos em pós-operatório. Especificamente objetivou-se: 1) Identificar a perspectiva dos enfermeiros sobre os desconfortos nos contextos físico, psicoespiritual, ambiental e sociocultural evidenciados em idosos no pós-operatório; 2) Verificar as características definidoras e os fatores relacionados inseridos ao diagnóstico de enfermagem conforto prejudicado, identificados pelos enfermeiros no idoso em pós-operatório; 3) Identificar as intervenções de enfermagem para promoção do conforto ao idoso em pós-operatório realizadas pelos enfermeiros no seu cuidar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida em um hospital universitário do Município de Natal/RN, Brasil. A população foi constituída pelos 30 enfermeiros que trabalhavam em unidades de internação cirúrgica e terapia intensiva e que prestavam atendimento à pacientes idosos em pós-operatório. Consideraram-se critérios de inclusão: ter tempo mínimo de seis meses de atividade no setor e fazer parte da escala de serviço no período da coleta dos dados. Como critérios de exclusão: estar de licença ou férias no momento da coleta de dados. Toda população formou o grupo de sujeitos do estudo. A coleta de dados foi concretizada em maio e junho de 2014 utilizando um questionário autoexplicativo, composto por quatro partes: I - Caracterização dos enfermeiros; II - Necessidades de conforto do idoso no pós-operatório; III - Diagnóstico de Enfermagem; IV - Intervenções de enfermagem. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, sob CAAE25976613.7.0000.5537. Os dados foram tabulados no Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 e apresentados utilizando-se frequências, percentuais e medidas de tendência central. Os resultados mostram que 96,7% dos enfermeiros conceituaram conforto como sinônimo de bem-estar. Houve maior frequência do desconforto dor (100%), ruídos excessivos (56,7%), sensação de deslocamento do ambiente residencial (76,7%) e ansiedade (93,3%). Os enfermeiros evidenciaram como sinais e sintomas que caracterizam o desconforto do idoso após cirurgia, principalmente: dor (75,9%), inquietação (58,6%), sinais vitais (41,4%) e ansiedade (34,5%). O principal fator relacionado foi o efeito secundário relacionado ao tratamento (88%). As principais intervenções realizadas foram: ouvir atentamente (100%) e controle da dor (100%). Estas foram igualmente analisadas como prioritárias para esta ação de cuidado, na porcentagem de 76,7% e 66,7%, respectivamente. Conclui-se que os enfermeiros identificam os desconfortos que afetam os idosos no pós-operatório na diversidade dos contextos estudados, com uma ênfase maior aos desconfortos físicos e em especial, a dor. Além disso, possuem uma percepção ampliada sobre os possíveis sinais e sintomas apresentados pelos idosos em pós-operatório quando estão desconfortáveis, uma vez que evidenciam outras 12 características não previstas no Diagnóstico de Enfermagem Conforto prejudicado e também identificam os fatores relacionados a estes desconfortos. Entretanto, apesar de afirmarem que realizam intervenções para amenizá-los e as registrarem, estes dados não podem ser afirmados que se trata de um padrão da prática destes profissionais, uma vez que não foi realizado a observação do cuidado prestado a esta clientela nem avaliação dos prontuários.

Elaboração de pós de ferrita de cobalto, CoFe2O4, nanoestruturados e hierarquizados: influência da morfologia sobre a detecção e oxidação catalítica de gases poluentes

This thesis is part of research on new materials for catalysis and gas sensors more active, sensitive, selective. The aim of this thesis was to develop and characterize cobalt ferrite in different morphologies, in order to study their influence on the electrical response and the catalytic activity, and to hierarchize these grains for greater diffusivity of gas in the material. The powders were produced via hydrothermal and solvothermal, and were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (electron diffraction, highresolution simulations), and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The catalytic and electrical properties were tested in the presence of CO and NO2 gases, the latter in different concentrations (1-100 ppm) and at different temperatures (room temperature to 350 ° C). Nanooctahedra with an average size of 20 nm were obtained by hydrothermal route. It has been determined that the shape of the grains is mainly linked to the nature of the precipitating agent and the presence of OH ions in the reaction medium. By solvothermal method CoFe2O4 spherical powders were prepared with grain size of 8 and 20 nm. CoFe2O4 powders exhibit a strong response to small amounts of NO2 (10 ppm to 200 ° C). The nanooctahedra have greater sensitivity than the spherical grains of the same size, and have smaller response time and shorter recovery times. These results were confirmed by modeling the kinetics of response and recovery of the sensor. Initial tests of catalytic activity in the oxidation of CO between temperatures of 100 °C and 350 °C show that the size effect is predominant in relation the effect of the form with respect to the conversion of the reaction. The morphology of the grains influence the rate of reaction. A higher reaction rate is obtained in the presence of nanooctahedra. In order to improve the detection and catalytic properties of the material, we have developed a methodology for hierarchizing grains which involves the use of carbonbased templates.

“Currículo encarnado”: cartografia simbólica e afinidades pós-coloniais

This thesis has as main objective to reflect about the defining conceptual elements of the embodied curriculum concept, ident ified curriculum conception from the analysis about the rationality employed in the doctoral work of teacher Antonio Fernando Gouvê a da Silva, entitled The construction of the curriculum in popular critical perspective: the significant words to the context ualized practices , written and defended in the Postgraduate Program in Education: Curriculum, in the Pontifícia Catholic University of São Paulo, in 2004. We looked, also, on the problematization of the affinities between postcolonial theories – analytical perspectives towards the discussion about coloniality and their effect on contemporary social weaving – and the embodied curriculum concept. We argue that the reflections present in the aforementioned work bring an articulated curriculum concept based on three conceptual symbiotic elements, namely: negativity, dialogue and praxis, which, by endorsing the possibility of a curricular ingrained practice in the life context of the individuals, have some post - colonial inclinations that lead to the problematizat ion about the neo - colonial manifestations in curricular sphere, outlining a critique of the modus operandi of the colonialism, particularly, in its cultural and epistemic dimension from which the education is inseparable. For that, we used as methodologica l procedure the symbolic cartography, knowledge building strategy systematized by Boaventura de Sousa Santos, which allowed us to construct interpretive maps that enabled the symbolization of the universe which we longed to understand, that is, the concept ual categories mentioned above, which, in our view, underlie the concept of embodied curriculum. In this direction, we anchored ourselves in a meaningful dialogue with the theoretical approach of Paulo Freire and some of his interpreters regarding the disc ussion on curriculum, especially the reflections dev eloped by Antonio Fernando Gouvê a da Silva, and authors whose theoretical developments resonate in prospects for humanization, social justice and empowerment, among which we highlight: Theodor Adorno, Hug o Zemelman, Wilfred Carr, Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez, among others. We seek, in the same manner, on the contributions of authors considered post - colonial, as Hugo Achugar, Gayatri Spivak, Boaventura de Sousa Santos and Enrique Dussel, to name a few, the reason s why we consider the embodied curriculum as a place of political - pedagogical enunciation, conducive to an educational praxis that engages in a curricular work of reality translation in order to see what overwhelms it to, then, elicit the construction of a school curriculum as an awareness project for releasing in relation to what is unjust and inhumane. We consider, finally, that the success of this curriculum embodied translation implies a larger number of speakers mobilized in the production of knowledge that yearns for social emancipation and contribute to the enrichment of human capabilities as the maintenance of the life and the dignity of people.

Areia sob os pés da alma: uma leitura da vida e obra de Oswaldo Lamartine de Faria

This study followed the development of Oswaldo Lamartine de Faria as an intellectual, with the aim of establishing the emergence of that de Faria’s work under the umbrella of the sertão (hinterland) in Northeast Brazil. It accompanied the emergence of the researcher, his discovery of his mission to study the sertão in Seridó and the vital importance of his relationship with Luís da Câmara Cascudo, since despite being a natural born observer, Oswaldo Lamartine embarked on a career as a researcher after encouragement by Cascudo. The first chapter of this study, denominated The Gates of Time, portrays the country during the drought of 1919, the year Lamartine was born. It describes his childhood and first encounters with Câmara Cascudo; his urban exile in Rio de Janeiro; the books written by the young Oswaldo, those that came later, and his definitive return to the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The following two chapters, Sand beneath the Feet of the Soul and Images of a Nobleman from the Sertão, summarize Lamartine’s books and describe his entry into the canon of the state’s culture, with particular prominence given to his interview for the documentary “Oswaldo Lamartine: prince of the sertão”, highlighting his attempt (through his writing) to preserve his own existence. In the second section, Verses, Bold, Between the Lines features analyses of texts dedicated to Oswaldo Lamartine, such as those written by de Zila Mamede, Maria Lúcia Dal Farra and Paulo de Tarso Correia de Melo. The next chapter, entitled Warm and Vivid Ashes, highlights Lamartine’s correspondence with Luís da Câmara Cascudo and the incredible friendship between the two researchers. Cascudo’s letters are analyzed through the book De Cascudo para Oswaldo (From Cascudo to Oswaldo) and and are a powerful testimony of Oswaldo Lamartine’s permanent connection to Rio Grande do Norte. In conclusion, the final chapter entitled Combine, Tattoo, Imprint analyzes the writer’s five-book collection entitled Sertões do Seridó (Hinterlands of Seridó). In reading each of these, it becomes clear that observing reality was vital to the writer’s work. This is one of the first studies to be conducted about Oswaldo Lamartine at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte and its main theoretical references were the reflections of authors Jacques Le Goff (2003), Lejeune (1994; 2008), Maurice Blanchot (1987; 2005), Alfredo Bosi (1987) and Gaston Bachelard (n.d.).

Características psicológicas do paciente obeso grave e suas implicações pós-operatórias na cirurgia bariátrica

Obesity is a chronic disease that has multi-factorial aetiology, characterized by high degree of body fat; the degree of obesity will vary according to the Body Mass Index (BMI=m2 /kg). The severe degree of obesity is characterized by BMI>40 and it is regularly associated to endocrine-metabolic or mechanic clinical alterations, and to psychological disorders. Binge Eating (BE) results were overly high for this population. The Bariatric Surgery has been the treatment chosen by those diagnosed with severe obesity as this intervention provides prompt outcomes for loss of weight and clinical improvement conditions. However, recent research has acquiesced that after two years between 20% and 30% of people subject to this intervention gained weight. The main objective of this research is to assess the psychological and behavioral characteristics of those diagnosed with severe obesity that have been subject to Gastric Bypass Surgery in the past 24 months. Specific aspects were investigated: (1) characteristics of different personalities and diagnose of clinic and personality disorders; (2) BE and its relation with loss of weight; (2) the difference between the groups regarding post-surgery care, e.g. physical activity, psychological and dietician input. Method: 40 adults (women and men) aged 23 and 60 year-old who went through a bariatric surgery in the past 24 months, in the city of Natal-RN (Brazil); they were assembled in two groups n=20, Gain group displaying loss of < 50% of their initial surplus of weight, and the Loss group displaying loss of >50%. The research protocol is made of a socio-demographic questionnaire and 3 psychometric instruments: Rorschach – Comprehensive System; Millon Personality Inventory (MCMI-III); and the Binge Eating Scale (Escala de Compulsão Alimentar Periódica (ECAP). Through Rorschach significant differences between these groups were verified according to the kind of personality (EB) - more EB Extratensivo in Gain group and Intratensivo in Loss group – and the lack of control to express affect, increasing the answer for Color Pure at Group I. Concerning the people standardization, the sample as a whole tends to show psychic pain, denigrated selfperception, high levels of self-criticism, distorted perceptions, vulnerability to develop mood disorders and high scores regarding Suicide. MCMI-III results showed more clinic and personality disorders in Group I: Depressive Disorder and Schizotypal, Anxiety, Dysthymia, Major Depressive Disorder; Thought Disorder, Bipolar- Manic and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. In relation to ECAP, the results indicated significant differences, showing increased BE results in Gain group. There were found significant differences between BE severity and the presence of clinic and personality disorders. Concerning the post-surgery care, the observed differences are statistically significant regarding physical activities with median-increased differences in Loss group. There is a difference between the initial weight and the time post-surgery, indicating that the higher the initial weight and the time after the surgery the higher the re-gain of weight post-surgery. Finally, the results show that the participants with more than 3 years of surgery will have Clinic and Major Depressive Disorders; Somatoform Disorder; Dysthymia. These results confirm prior studies related to BE post-surgery and re-gain of weight as well as the proneness of clinic disorders in severe obesity people. That means the results reinforce that the surgery process is a facet of the severe obesity treatment. The post-surgery process needs to be the main focus of attention and have a long-term input to sustain the care of the surgery results and the quality of life of the patients.

Repercussão da integração de conteúdos das disciplinas nos trabalhos finais de graduação de CAU-UFRN (2003 a 2010)

The changes in the teaching of Architecture in Brazilian Universities, from the 1990s onwards, with the upgrading of the Architecture project as an object of research and scientific knowledge and more specifically, the adoption by the Architecture and Urbanism Course (CAU) from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) of the principle of content integration of the disciplines, aroused the interest in research on issues related to the Design process and the teaching of design in this context. After 20 years of its implementation and recognized as being a major step forward in teaching the teaching/learning process, the integration is the central focus of this research, which will seek to identify changes in the teaching design and its refutation in projects developed by students at the end of their course. In general, it is understood that the need to integrate knowledge from diverse areas of Architect’s professional activity, who seeks through an exercise of summary, identify solutions to the issues involved in a project. On the assumption that the integration of content of disciplines fosters the teaching/learning of Architecture project, which can be evident in the Final Course Assignment (FCA), it becomes necessary to understand, in the light of theories of education, such as the principles of curriculum organization, such as interdisciplinarity and multidisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity and transversality are related to the term integration, is more understood and disseminated among the professors of the Architecture courses. The object of this study is consequently the relationship between the integration of subject content and Architecture projects developed by students from CAU-UFRN, in the context of Final Graduation projects (FCAs) completed in the period of duration of the Teaching Project A5-from 2003. The study has the main objective of investigating to what extent the integration of disciplinary content affects the development of the Final Assignment of UFRN, from the analysis of drawings and texts of the projects of the learners and the testimonies of teachers and undergraduate students. From a methodological point of view, the research “Architecture, Project and Knowledge Production: Academic Production – FCAs, Thesis and dissertations in PA/Brazil” carried out by the PROJETAR/UFRN team has been adopted as the basis for the construction of the analytical instruments. In order to identify aspects of their experience by various actors which were not recorded in FCA, electronic forms were applied between teachers and students, through the internet. The integration of subject content based Teaching Project of CAU-UFRN institutionalises the interdisciplinarity, organizing the curriculum by thematic semesters, in which the disciplines work the same focus and at the same site. The integrated work which derives from there tries to articulate the content of each discipline of the period and represents a general practice and has been evaluated by teachers and students, and considered as a facilitator of the teaching/learning process. The analysis of the data collected from the textual content and graphic of the sample of FCAs of CAU-UFRN suggests that the content of the various areas of knowledge are assimilated by the student and used as a resource for the design and development of Architecture projects. In other words, there is in the end product of the students record of the integration of content, whether in speech or in drawing, reaffirming the importance of the convergence of various knowledge in the Architectonic project. However, the integration of content from the point of view of their articulation and operationalization, which involves teachers and students in the same period, has as a condition sine qua non for the success of this educational principle, the provision of these to work as part of a team, for the dialogic practice, which creates areas of intersection not only between disciplines, but between the knowledge of each of the participants.

Vida privada e mídias sociais: impressões da pós-modernidade

This thesis starts from the proposition that postmodernity is the very cultural manifestation of Late Capitalism. The research was concerned with the publication of privacy that gives us news feeds of Facebook online social network. We used netnography, which is considered a construction method in action that combines study skills to immersion of the researcher in the investigated field. Netnography is an alternative methodology for the study of communication threads in cyber environments. We note that there is an exhibition of themselves in a related environment that reproduces the properties of the spectacle society, with an emphasis on the fact that this exhibition be made and want to be made by the individual himself, allegorically, window dresser and with spectacle. The subject is revealed by itself, shown and is induced to show and display at the same time. It is a large-scale exhibition of the private life events; it is more than spectacle, surpassing debordian sense, approaching the exhibitionism in the Freudian sense. It is a subject in a new way of existence. At the time of posting in public, the person violates their privacy. It is the desecration of stardom intimacy. We found that these new behavioral forms sharing of human experiences, under the mediation of typical technologies informationalism era, appear as a major brand of sociability, meshing the ongoing technological revolution.

Influência da paridade, do tipo de parto e do nível de atividade física sobre a musculatura do assoalho pélvico em mulheres na pós-menopausa

The post-menopause stage is characterized by hormonal and organic alterations of ovarian failure. One of the most important of these is muscles alterations of the pelvic floor (MPF). According to current literature, in young women gynecological and obstetric factors, as well as lifestyles and habits influence that loss of function. However, there is still uncertainty about the influence of those variables in the MPF functions in post-menopause women. Thus, this study aimed at seeing if there is an influence from number of births, the type of birth and the level of physical activity on the MPF of post-menopause women. Another objective of this study was to compare MPF force in women who had had vaginal births with those who had been subjected to cesarean sections, those with different levels of physical activity and those with artificial and natural menopause in the initial and latter stages. Furthermore, the test of muscular force was compared to perineometry. Using observational, analytical and transversal observations, 100 women in the post-menopausal stage of life, between the ages of 45 and 65, were examined. They were divided according to the menopausal stage into three groups: women who had undergone hysterectomies, those in the initial stages of postmenopause and those in the late stage of postmenpause. The patients were questioned about social, demographic, gynecological and obstetric factors. All the volunteers were submitted to a physical examination where their height and weight were measured to arrive at the corporal mass index and their waist measurements were taken. The evaluation of the pelvic floor was conducted with muscular force tests and perineometry. These results were analyzed with statistical description and ANOVA statistical tests, multiple regression and Kolmogorov-Smirnov evaluations. The results showed homogeneity with regard to social demographic and anthropometric characteristics among the women in the final test sample (n=85). It was also seen that most of the women in all three groups were married (p=0.51) and catholic (p=0.13). The average per capital income varied between $R585.47 (+/-466.67) and $R1,271.83 (+/-1,748.95), with no significant difference between the groups (p=0.05). The G>6 group presented an average age between 58.95 (+/-3.96) which was significantly greater that the G<6 group´s average age (53.21+/- 3.88) (p=0.000). There was no difference between the groups´ anthropometric characteristics of weight (p=0.32), height (p=0.72) and corporal mass index (p=0.34), nor in the waist measurements (p=0.33). Furthermore, no significant difference was noted in the MPF function of women who had had normal births, cesarean sections or a combination of the two (TFM p=0.897; perineum measurement p=0.502). Likewise, no differences were seen in the MPF function of women who had one, two to three or four or more births (TFM p=0.28, perineum measurement p=0.13). Finally, no difference was perceived among those with different levels of physical activity (TFM p=0.663; perineum measurement p=0.741). Therefore, we found that the type of delivery, number of births and physical activity had no influence on the muscular function of the pelvic floor among the women studied. It is believed that decline in muscular function in post-menopause women is fundamentally related to the process of aging.

O teatro de Elias Canetti em diálogo com a pós-modernidade

The purpose of this dissertation is to analyse the dramaturgic work of the Bulgarian author Elias Canetti, composed by the plays The Wedding, Comedy of Vanity and Their Days are Numbered, seeking to comprehend how the contemporary critic theories act on his trilogy, making a dialogue with theoretical references which may justify its approaching to the postmodernism. In this perspective, the theories by Jean-François Lyotard, Fredric Jameson and Jürgen Habermas contribute for a better comprehension of the postmodernity phenomenon. Undertaking Canetti’s notes and theatre with the philosophical concepts of Adorno’s negative aesthetics, we realise there is a space to reflect upon the theories which befell, like Foucault’s power relations in Micro-physics of Power and the discourses of resistance and deterritorialisation developed by Deleuze and Guattari in A Thousand Plateau and Anti-Oedipus. Even though Canetti’s plays were written between 1932 and 1956, all of them show a strong critic against modernism, and their characteristics did not help their recognition by the critics, which resulted in a rediscovery of Canetti’s plays after the author won the Nobel Prize in 1981.

Influência da pressão e da vazão de concentrado sobre o desempenho de ultrafiltração no pós-tratamento de esgotos

Despite the numerous advantages resulting from the use of membrane filters technology, intrinsic limitations fouling process become relevant to its applicability. The control of operating conditions is an important tool to mitigate fouling and achieve good levels of efficiency. In this sense, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of transmembrane pressure and concentrate flow in the performance of ultrafiltration, applied to the post-treatment of domestic sewage. The process was evaluated and optimized by varying the pressure (0.5 and 1.5 bar) and the concentrate flow (300 and 600 L/h), using a 22 factorial design, in order to investigate the effects on the permeate flow and quality of effluents generated at each operating condition. We evaluated the following quality indicators for permeate: pH, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, turbidity, calcium and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). In all tests, we observed marked reduction in the permeate flux at the early stages, followed by a slow decline that lasted until it reaches a relatively constant level, around 120 minutes of filtration. The increased pressure resulted in a higher initial permeate flux, but the decrease of the flow with time is greater for tests at higher pressure, indicating a more pronounced fouling process. On the other hand, increasing the concentrate flow resulted in a slower decline in permeate flux with the filtration time. Regarding the quality of permeate, the transmembrane pressure of 0,5 bar was the one that allowed better results, and was statistically confirmed through the two-way ANOVA test with repeated measures, significant effect of pressure on the turbidity of the permeate. The concentrate flow, in turn, showed no significant influence on any of the quality parameters. Thus, we conclude that, from an economic and environmental point of view, it is more interesting to operate ultrafiltration membrane system with a lower concentrate flow associated with a low transmembrane pressure, since under these conditions will produce less waste, and the permeate will present lower concentrations of the analyzed constituent, especially lower turbidity.

O som ao redor do baile: retomada e pós-retomada no cinema produzido em Pernambuco

This dissertation uncovers the path of Pernambuco’s independent cinema of the Retomada, of its production in the second half of the 1990s until mid 2012 when the sector manages to secure a funding edict (Funcultura) for its films and at the same time establishes a few symbolic mechanisms which contributed to the consolidation of a new cycle, the post-Retomada, namely: cinephilia and brodagem. Because it is a cinematography (pernambucana) outside the Rio-São Paulo axis, that is, outside the great center of the brazillian culture industry, the cinema produced in Pernambuco built a very specific modus operandi, in which a material basis, the consolidation of Funcultura, intercrossed with two symbolic practices feeding on each other, cinephilia and brodagem. In this regard, we seek not to establish the material perspective as the primary determination as opposed to the symbolic one. Futhermore, we followed the path of cinephilia in its direct commucation with the brodagem, and how both these logics pressured authorities to institute an incentive funding separated from other artforms in the state. From this point of view, we attempted to trace the trajectory of this cinematography in its external nuances, but also taking into account the internal nuances of its works of art (films). Following this, we created categories to define and distinguish the nuances of the Retomada and post-Retomada productions regarding ethical and aesthetical choices made by directors from both generations.

O som ao redor do baile: retomada e pós-retomada no cinema produzido em Pernambuco

This dissertation uncovers the path of Pernambuco’s independent cinema of the Retomada, of its production in the second half of the 1990s until mid 2012 when the sector manages to secure a funding edict (Funcultura) for its films and at the same time establishes a few symbolic mechanisms which contributed to the consolidation of a new cycle, the post-Retomada, namely: cinephilia and brodagem. Because it is a cinematography (pernambucana) outside the Rio-São Paulo axis, that is, outside the great center of the brazillian culture industry, the cinema produced in Pernambuco built a very specific modus operandi, in which a material basis, the consolidation of Funcultura, intercrossed with two symbolic practices feeding on each other, cinephilia and brodagem. In this regard, we seek not to establish the material perspective as the primary determination as opposed to the symbolic one. Futhermore, we followed the path of cinephilia in its direct commucation with the brodagem, and how both these logics pressured authorities to institute an incentive funding separated from other artforms in the state. From this point of view, we attempted to trace the trajectory of this cinematography in its external nuances, but also taking into account the internal nuances of its works of art (films). Following this, we created categories to define and distinguish the nuances of the Retomada and post-Retomada productions regarding ethical and aesthetical choices made by directors from both generations.

A responsabilidade enunciativa em artigos científicos de pesquisadores iniciantes e contribuições para o ensino da produção textual na graduação

This thesis investigates materialization strategies of non-assumption of enunciation responsibility and inscription of an authorial voice in scientific articles produced by initial researchers in Linguistics. The specific focus lays on identify, describe and interpret: i) linguistics marks that assign enunciation responsibility; ii) the positions taken by the first speaker-enunciator (L1/E1) in relation to points of view (PoV) imputed to second enunciators (e2); and iii) the linguistic marks that assign the formulation of themselves' PoV. As a practical deployment, it is proposed to discuss how to teach taking into account text discursive strategies regarding to enunciation responsibility and also authorship in academic and scientific texts. Our research corpus is formed by eight scientific essays and they were selected in a renamed Linguistics scientific magazine which is high evaluated by Qualis/CAPES (Brazil Science Agency). The methodology follows the assumptions of a qualitative research, and an it has such an interpretative basis, even though it takes support in a quantitative approach, too. Theoretically, we based this research on Textual Analysis of Speech and linguistics theories about linguistic enunciation area. The results show two kinds of movements in PoV management: imputation and responsibility. In imputation contexts, the most recursive linguistic marks were reported speech, indirect speech, reported speech with “that”, modalization in reported speech (in enunciation with “according to”, “in agreement with”, “for”), beyond that we see certain points of non-coincidences of speech, specifically the non-coincidence of the speech itself. The way those linguistic marks occur in the text point out three kinds of enunciation positions that are assumed by L1/E1 in relation to PoV of e2: agreement, disagreement and a pseudo neutrality. It was clearly recursive the imputation followed by agreement (explicit or not), this perspective puts other’s voices to defend a speech assumed like own authorship. In speech responsibility contexts, we observed such a formulation of inner PoV that results from theoretical findings undertaken by novice researchers (revealing how he/she interpreted concepts of the theory) or arising from their research data, allowing them to express with more autonomy and without reporting to speeches from e2. Based on those data, we can say that, in text by initial researchers, the authorship is strongly built upon PoV and also dependent from others' words (theory and the scholars quoted there), taking into account that many contexts in which we can observe agreement position, PoV formulations with words taken from e2 and assumed as own words by syntactic integration, the comments about what the other says, the absence of explanations and additions, as well as a data analysis that could show agreement with the theory used to support the work. These results allow us to visualize how initial researcher dialogs with the theoretical enunciation sources he or she takes as support and how he/she displays the status of a subject doing a research and positioning himself/herself as a researcher/author in the scientific field. In assuming the reported speech, when quoting, as a resource that allows the enunciation responsibility and also when doing evidence to the positions of speaker-enunciator in relation do reported PoV, this suggests to a textual-discursive treatment of quoting in academic and scientific text, in a context of teaching that gives attention to the development of communication skills of initial researcher and that can contribute to insert and interact students in the scientific field.

A responsabilidade enunciativa em artigos científicos de pesquisadores iniciantes e contribuições para o ensino da produção textual na graduação

This thesis investigates materialization strategies of non-assumption of enunciation responsibility and inscription of an authorial voice in scientific articles produced by initial researchers in Linguistics. The specific focus lays on identify, describe and interpret: i) linguistics marks that assign enunciation responsibility; ii) the positions taken by the first speaker-enunciator (L1/E1) in relation to points of view (PoV) imputed to second enunciators (e2); and iii) the linguistic marks that assign the formulation of themselves' PoV. As a practical deployment, it is proposed to discuss how to teach taking into account text discursive strategies regarding to enunciation responsibility and also authorship in academic and scientific texts. Our research corpus is formed by eight scientific essays and they were selected in a renamed Linguistics scientific magazine which is high evaluated by Qualis/CAPES (Brazil Science Agency). The methodology follows the assumptions of a qualitative research, and an it has such an interpretative basis, even though it takes support in a quantitative approach, too. Theoretically, we based this research on Textual Analysis of Speech and linguistics theories about linguistic enunciation area. The results show two kinds of movements in PoV management: imputation and responsibility. In imputation contexts, the most recursive linguistic marks were reported speech, indirect speech, reported speech with “that”, modalization in reported speech (in enunciation with “according to”, “in agreement with”, “for”), beyond that we see certain points of non-coincidences of speech, specifically the non-coincidence of the speech itself. The way those linguistic marks occur in the text point out three kinds of enunciation positions that are assumed by L1/E1 in relation to PoV of e2: agreement, disagreement and a pseudo neutrality. It was clearly recursive the imputation followed by agreement (explicit or not), this perspective puts other’s voices to defend a speech assumed like own authorship. In speech responsibility contexts, we observed such a formulation of inner PoV that results from theoretical findings undertaken by novice researchers (revealing how he/she interpreted concepts of the theory) or arising from their research data, allowing them to express with more autonomy and without reporting to speeches from e2. Based on those data, we can say that, in text by initial researchers, the authorship is strongly built upon PoV and also dependent from others' words (theory and the scholars quoted there), taking into account that many contexts in which we can observe agreement position, PoV formulations with words taken from e2 and assumed as own words by syntactic integration, the comments about what the other says, the absence of explanations and additions, as well as a data analysis that could show agreement with the theory used to support the work. These results allow us to visualize how initial researcher dialogs with the theoretical enunciation sources he or she takes as support and how he/she displays the status of a subject doing a research and positioning himself/herself as a researcher/author in the scientific field. In assuming the reported speech, when quoting, as a resource that allows the enunciation responsibility and also when doing evidence to the positions of speaker-enunciator in relation do reported PoV, this suggests to a textual-discursive treatment of quoting in academic and scientific text, in a context of teaching that gives attention to the development of communication skills of initial researcher and that can contribute to insert and interact students in the scientific field.