Cold Renal Ischemia: Comparison of Efficacy Between Two Techniques of Cooling, in a Swine Model

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of Mikania glomerata (Asteraceae) leaf extract combined with anti-venom serum on experimental Crotalus durissus (Squamata: Viperidae) envenomation in rats

Crotalic envenomation represents the highest number of deaths when compared to other snakebite envenomations of medical interest. Crotalic venom has important characteristics such as neurotoxicity, myotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and clotting and hemolytic action. We evaluated the clinical and laboratory aspects of Crotalus durissus terrificus experimental envenomation in Wistar rats treated with antivenom and the aqueous extract of the plant mikania glomerata. The animals were divided into three groups: Group C (control); Group VS-venom and antivenom; Group VSM-venom, antivenom and aqueous extract of M glomerata. Crotalic poison caused clinical and laboratory alterations in Wistar mice. Significant clinical alterations were: temperature decrease, edema in the venom inoculated member, sedation and a locomotion decrease in groups VS and VSM when compared with group C. A faster recovery from sedation was observed only for animals of group VSM when compared to VS. There was an increase in the number of leukocytes, neutrophils and creatine kinase in the VS and VSM groups, compared to group C. Wistar rats showed a high resistance to crotalic venom. Additional studies with different doses, time of treatment, different administration methods and histopathological and immunological studies are necessary to understand the action of M glomerata in crotalic accidents. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (4): 929-937. Epub 2009 December 01.

Avaliação ultrassonográfica da anomalia vascular portossistêmica em cão: relato de caso

Relata-se a avaliação ultrassonográfica, com auxílio do Doppler em cores, da anomalia vascular portossistêmica em um cão da raça Poodle Toy, que apresentou edema pulmonar e alterações gastrintestinais. Ao exame ultrassonográfico, foram observados vasos portais dilatados e tortuosos. Esses resultados associados aos achados clínicos e laboratoriais permitem identificar a anomalia vascular portossistêmica no paciente.

Effect of Passive Fit Absence in the Prosthesis/Implant/Retaining Screw System: A Two-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis

The misfit between prostheses and implants is a clinical reality, but the level that can be accepted without causing mechanical or biologic problem is not well defined. This study investigates the effect of different levels of unilateral angular misfit prostheses in the prosthesis/implant/retaining screw system and in the surrounding bone using finite element analysis. Four models of a two-dimensional finite element were constructed: group I (control), prosthesis that fit the implant; groups 2 to 4, prostheses with unilateral angular misfit of 50, 100, and 200 mu m, respectively. A load of 133 N was applied with a 30-degree angulation and off-axis at 2 mm from the long axis of the implant at the opposite direction of misfit on the models. Taking into account the increase of the angular misfit, the stress maps showed a gradual increase of prosthesis stress and uniform stress in the implant and trabecular bone. Concerning the displacement, an inclination of the system due to loading and misfit was observed. The decrease of the unilateral contact between prosthesis and implant leads to the displacement of the entire system, and distribution and magnitude alterations of the stress also occurred.

Evaluation of the ethanol intake on the Calomys callosus seminal vesicle structure

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Structural evaluation of the effects of chronic ethanol ingestion on the testis of Calomys callosus

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Mandioca minimamente processada submetida a radiação gama

Fresh cut cassava is an alternative to prolong roots commercialization period, adding value to the raw material and assisting the consumer's needs that seeks for products of easy preparation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the quality of fresh cut cassava subjected to gamma radiation. For processing cassava roots (IAC - 567-70) were used, after preparation were packed in expanded polystyrene (EPS) trays, covered by low density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic film, being subjected to gamma radiation in the doses 0 (control), 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 KGy. Another treatment was also carried out in which roots were vacuum packed in nylon + polyethylene. Packed roots of all treatments were stored under refrigeration (5 +/- 1 degrees C) and evaluations were made after 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days. Evaluated analyses were: titrable acidity, pH, firmness, coloration, polyphenoloxidase activity, cooking time and roots hydration percentage. Evaluations just proceeded until the nine storage day, because after this period the roots already presented visually detectable physiologic and microbiological alterations. For titrable acidity, the vacuum packed roots had the lowest values, followed by the control packed in trays. For the other treatments, values of acidity increased and influenced the pH values. For the other appraised parameters there was no significant difference among treatments, but alterations were observed with the storage. The firmness decreased with the storage. Brightness values and yellow color component decreased with the storage and the b * (green) color values increased. Polyphenoloxidase activity was maximum in the day of elaboration of the product and it decreased with the storage. Cooking time and roots hydration percentage decreased with the roots storage.

Alterações vasculares em ratos obesos por dieta rica em gordura: papel da Via L-arginina/NO Endotelial

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Experimental infections with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis obtained from armadillos: comparison to clinical isolates

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis causes paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) that is one of the most prevalent systemic human mycoses in Latin America. Armadillos show a high incidence of PCM infection and could, therefore, be a natural reservoir for this fungus. In this study were compared the virulence profiles of isolates obtained from nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) (PbT1 and PbT4) and isolates from PCM patients (Pb265 and Bt83). Pathogenicity was evaluated by fungal load and analysis of colony morphology. Immunity against the fungus was tested by delayed type hypersensitivity test (DTH) and antibody quantification by ELISA. The higher virulence of PbT1 and PbT4 was suggested by higher fungal load in spleen and lungs. Armadillo isolates and Bt83 presented a cotton-like surface contrasting with the cerebriform appearance of Pb265. All isolates induced cellular and humoral immune responses in infected BALB/c mice. DTH reactions were similarly induced by the four isolates, however, a great variability was observed in specific antibody levels, being the highest ones induced by Bt83 and PbT4. The present work confirms that armadillos harbor P. brasiliensis, whose multiplication and induced immunity in experimentally infected mice are heterogeneous, resembling the behavior of isolates from human PCM. This study reinforces the possibility that armadillos play an important role in the biological cycle of this pathogen.

The use of the oxidative stress responses as biomarkers in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to in vivo cadmium contamination

Water contaminants have a high potential risk for the health of populations. Protection from toxic effects of environmental water pollutants primarily involves considering the mechanism of low level toxicity and likely biological effects in organisms who live in these polluted waters. The biomarkers assessment of oxidative stress and metabolic alterations to cadmium exposure were evaluated in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. The fish were exposed to 0.35, 0.75, 1.5, and 3.0 mg/l concentrations of Cd2+ (CdCl2) in water for 60 days. Fish that survived cadmium exposure showed a metabolic shift and a compensatory development for maintenance of the body weight gain. We observed a decreased glycogen content and decreased glucose uptake in white muscle. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CK) activities were also decreased, indicating that the glycolytic capacity was decreased in this tissue. No alterations were observed in total protein content in white muscle due to cadmium exposure suggesting a metabolic shift of carbohydrate metabolism to maintenance of the muscle protein reserve. There was an increase in glucose uptake, CK increased activity, and a clear increase of LDH activity in red muscle of fish with cadmium exposure. Since no alterations were observed in lipoperoxide concentration, while antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were changed in the liver and the red and white muscle of fish with cadmium exposure, we can conclude that oxygen free radicals are produced as a mediator of cadmium toxicity. Resistance development is related with increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, which were important in the protection against cadmium damage, inhibiting lipoperoxide formation. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cytotoxicity of fipronil on mice liver cells

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Surface morphology of Diplodon expansus (Kuster, 1856; Mollusca, Bivalvia, Hyriidae) gill filaments after exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of atrazine herbicide

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Contexto esportivo e as restrições comportamentais: reflexões a luz da psicologia bioecológica

To deal with restrictions takes in them to a boarding that has been studied as perspective theoretician to understand as the practitioners acquire standards of coordination in the chosen sports (ARAUJO, 2005). It is basic for the training that if has a knowledge concerning the restrictions more significant than they act on the human performance of the athletes, because this will make possible one adequate recital in the work proposal of the team staff. The question of the theory application, in the world of the sport, is a tool has very desired and pursued, however, nor always if they apply the theoretical knowledge in experimental research that promotes enough and important alterations, that can favor the real additions to Sport Sciences. This study it is an attempt to collaborate in this intention, in way to locate and to modify beginning usual routines between experts and of the sports, in special to the considered situation sports, as the Volleyball (IVOILOV, 2001). This objective is not fixed only in the relative questions to the teach-learning processes, nor so little to the sportive training, but it advances, also, for the instructions given for the coaches to commanded its, at moments any of the sportive trajectory of these; it innovates when searching to exemplify, directly, in a modality of international domain but with few systematic analyses on the human performances in question.

Effects of eating disorders on oral fungal diversity

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Alterações sialoquímicas e sialométricas de pacientes com paralisia cerebral: uma revisão de literatura

TEMA: paralisia cerebral e alterações salivares. O paciente com paralisia cerebral é acometido por diversas desordens no Sistema Estomatognático, sendo muitas delas expressas sob a forma de alterações no fluxo e composição salivar. A variação da concentração de constituintes da saliva está diretamente relacionada com sua capacidade tampão, antioxidante, imunológica, digestiva e lubrificante, além de sofrer variações em função da velocidade do fluxo salivar, o qual está intimamente relacionado à eficiência dos estímulos mecânicos e neurais do trato salivar. Alterações na deglutição, da percepção gustativa, do processo de mineralização dos dentes e da propriedade protetora da saliva contra lesões cariosas, infecções e inflamações, freqüentemente observadas em pacientes com paralisia cerebral, podem ser avaliadas pelo exame da saliva. OBJETIVO: realizar uma revisão de literatura relacionando as principais alterações sialométrica e sialoquímica de pacientes com paralisia cerebral e seus efeitos na saúde bucal. CONCLUSÃO: a análise sialométrica e sialoquímica oferece informações extremamente úteis no diagnóstico e no direcionamento do tratamento desses pacientes, e pode ser considerada uma indicadora prática e objetiva dos processos de doença e disfunções.