1000 resultados para TRABAJO SEXUAL


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El problema de la calidad en educación se enfoca desde la perspectiva del trabajo colaborativo entre equipos docentes. El trabajo en equipo de los profesores es un campo escasamente analizado, y en este artículo se examinan los factores que en cierta manera lo dificultan, a la vez que se proponen estrategias para su mayor y mejor implementación, en aras a una educación de calidad.

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[spa] El presente texto resume la estrategia y resultados del trabajo con foros electrónicos entre octubre y diciembre del 2006 en dos grupos de una asignatura de la licenciatura de Pedagogía de la Universidad de Barcelona. En continuidad con proyectos anteriores, se partió de un objetivo inicial: facilitar un sistema de evaluación transparente y compartida con los estudiantes al usar el foro electrónico de la asignatura como instrumento de aprendizaje colaborativo.

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"La que mis palabras esconden, mi cuerpo lo revela". El interés de esta cita de Roland Barthes1 para una reflexión formal sobre la distinción de género entte 10 femenino y 10 masculino radica en el supuesto de la diferencia hermeneutica entte las palabras y el cuerpo, que se oponen conceptualmente a partir de su función, respectivamente, ocultadora y reveladora en relación con el deseo.

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Este texto recrea en forma de juego la idea de que la mujer se encuentra en un continuo de vida-trabajo. No existe "el ángel del hogar" y, por lo tanto, no hay representación de las tareas domésticas, pero éstas son un continuo que estructuran la vida de "b", ya que exigen un constante cuidado y orden. La teórica independencia de la mujer respecto a lo doméstico y el ser autónoma le han hecho adoptar el trabajo como forma de vida. Esta contribución cuestiona el concepto de trabajo y pone en evidencia las carencias de los términos "flexibilidad", "autonomía", "individualidad", etc.

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Mating systems, that is, whether organisms give rise to progeny by selfing, inbreeding or outcrossing, strongly affect important ecological and evolutionary processes. Large variations in mating systems exist in fungi, allowing the study of their origin and consequences. In fungi, sexual incompatibility is determined by molecular recognition mechanisms, controlled by a single mating-type locus in most unifactorial fungi. In Basidiomycete fungi, however, which include rusts, smuts and mushrooms, a system has evolved in which incompatibility is controlled by two unlinked loci. This bifactorial system probably evolved from a unifactorial system. Multiple independent transitions back to a unifactorial system occurred. It is still unclear what force drove evolution and maintenance of these contrasting inheritance patterns that determine mating compatibility. Here, we give an overview of the evolutionary factors that might have driven the evolution of bifactoriality from a unifactorial system and the transitions back to unifactoriality. Bifactoriality most likely evolved for selfing avoidance. Subsequently, multiallelism at mating-type loci evolved through negative frequency-dependent selection by increasing the chance to find a compatible mate. Unifactoriality then evolved back in some species, possibly because either selfing was favoured or for increasing the chance to find a compatible mate in species with few alleles. Owing to the existence of closely related unifactorial and bifactorial species and the increasing knowledge of the genetic systems of the different mechanisms, Basidiomycetes provide an excellent model for studying the different forces that shape breeding systems.

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En este artículo se presenta los resultados de un trabajo por encuesta realizado para conocer la percepción de las barreras de género que tiene el alumnado de las Facultades de Educación de la Universidad de Barcelona, así como su actitud hacia las redes sociales, temas importantes que repercuten en su inserción en el mundo laboral. Trata, en concreto, de la elaboración y análisis de un cuestionario ¿QBP¿. En primer lugar se presenta la fundamentación teórica sobre el objeto de estudio, en base a la cual se concretan los objetivos, el contenido, y la estructura interna del cuestionario. Tras un estudio piloto del mismo y, una vez realizadas las modificaciones oportunas, se construye el cuestionario a aplicar, que aparece en el anexo del articulo. Este se aplica a una muestra de 298 estudiantes de distintas facultades del Campus Mundet. Finalmente, se presentan los resultados obtenidos en el estudio, así como las evidencias de las características técnicas del instrumento elaborado.

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La competencia intercultural es la competencia profesional que permite un correcto desempeño y una adecuada integración en la empresa culturalmente diversa. El Modelo CIT de Competencias Interculturales Transversales describe el conjunto de conocimientos, comportamientos y actitudes a través de dos macro competencias como Diagnosticar Interculturalmente y Afrontar los requerimientos derivados de la interculturalidad. La presente investigación se plantea dos objetivos: a) Identificar las competencias interculturales de Diagnosticar y b) Identificar las competencias interculturales de Afrontar en 12 grupos de trabajo multiculturales de baja cualificación. El estudio de naturaleza cualitativa ha mostrado que la jerarquía y las normas organizativas son los elementos más diagnosticados como sensibles a la diferencia cultural. En relación a la competencia de Afrontar, se han identificado competencias de resolución de problemas, trabajo en equipo y comunicación intercultural; aplicados indistintamente tanto por los supervisores y responsables de los grupos como por parte de los operarios y personal de base. Las estrategias aplicadas por las personas participantes en el estudio, valoradas como competentes por sus empresas, han permitido la apreciación y estudio de la diferencia cultural y la adaptación del comportamiento a la nueva realidad organizacional.

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En este artículo se presenta los resultados de un trabajo por encuesta realizado para conocer la percepción de las barreras de género que tiene el alumnado de las Facultades de Educación de la Universidad de Barcelona, así como su actitud hacia las redes sociales, temas importantes que repercuten en su inserción en el mundo laboral. Trata, en concreto, de la elaboración y análisis de un cuestionario ¿QBP¿. En primer lugar se presenta la fundamentación teórica sobre el objeto de estudio, en base a la cual se concretan los objetivos, el contenido, y la estructura interna del cuestionario. Tras un estudio piloto del mismo y, una vez realizadas las modificaciones oportunas, se construye el cuestionario a aplicar, que aparece en el anexo del articulo. Este se aplica a una muestra de 298 estudiantes de distintas facultades del Campus Mundet. Finalmente, se presentan los resultados obtenidos en el estudio, así como las evidencias de las características técnicas del instrumento elaborado.

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La competencia intercultural es la competencia profesional que permite un correcto desempeño y una adecuada integración en la empresa culturalmente diversa. El Modelo CIT de Competencias Interculturales Transversales describe el conjunto de conocimientos, comportamientos y actitudes a través de dos macro competencias como Diagnosticar Interculturalmente y Afrontar los requerimientos derivados de la interculturalidad. La presente investigación se plantea dos objetivos: a) Identificar las competencias interculturales de Diagnosticar y b) Identificar las competencias interculturales de Afrontar en 12 grupos de trabajo multiculturales de baja cualificación. El estudio de naturaleza cualitativa ha mostrado que la jerarquía y las normas organizativas son los elementos más diagnosticados como sensibles a la diferencia cultural. En relación a la competencia de Afrontar, se han identificado competencias de resolución de problemas, trabajo en equipo y comunicación intercultural; aplicados indistintamente tanto por los supervisores y responsables de los grupos como por parte de los operarios y personal de base. Las estrategias aplicadas por las personas participantes en el estudio, valoradas como competentes por sus empresas, han permitido la apreciación y estudio de la diferencia cultural y la adaptación del comportamiento a la nueva realidad organizacional.

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Parasite-mediated sexual selection may arise as a consequence of 1) females avoiding mates with directly transmitted parasites, 2) females choosing less-parasitized males that provide parental care of superior quality, or 3) females choosing males with few parasites in order to obtain genes for parasite resistance in their offspring. Studies of specific host-parasite systems and comparative analyses have revealed both supportive and conflicting evidence for these hypotheses. A meta-analysis of the available evidence revealed a negative relationship between parasite load and the expression of male secondary sexual characters. Experimental studies yielded more strongly negative relationships than observations did, and the relationships were more strongly negative for ectoparasites than for endoparasites. There was no significant difference in the magnitude of the negative effect for species with and without male parental care, or between behavioral and morphological secondary sexual characters. There was a significant difference between studies based on host immune function and those based on parasite loads, with stronger effects for measures of immune function, suggesting that the many negative results from previous analyses of parasite-mediated sexual selection may be explained because relatively benign parasites were studied. The multivariate analyses demonstrating strong effect sizes of immune function in relation to the expression of secondary sexual characters, and for species with male parental care as compared to those without, suggest that parasite resistance may be a general determinant of parasite-mediated sexual selection.

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Most research on sexual orientation and alcohol use in the United States has found higher rates of alcohol use and abuse among gay men and lesbians. Studies from other countries have found smaller or no differences between sexual minority and heterosexual women and men. The present study used general population survey data from 14 countries to examine high-volume and risky single-occasion drinking by sexual orientation. Data from 248 gay men and lesbians and 3720 heterosexuals were analyzed in a case-control design. In several countries partnered or recently partnered gay men and lesbians had no greater risk of heavy drinking or engaging in heavy drinking than heterosexual controls. Only lesbians in North America showed higher risk for both indicators. Future general population health research should include larger samples of gays and lesbians and use more comprehensive measures of sexual orientation for investigating the prevalence of health risk factors.

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Abstract Island biogeography has provided fundamental hypotheses in population genetics, ecology and evolutionary biology. Insular populations usually face different feeding conditions, predation pressure, intraspecific and interspecific competition than continental populations. This so-called island syndrome can promote the evolution of specific phenotypes like a small (or large) body size and a light (or dark) colouration as well as influence the evolution of sexual dimorphism. To examine whether insularity leads to phenotypic differentiation in a consistent way in a worldwide-distributed nonmigratory species, we compared body size, body shape and colouration between insular and continental barn owl (Tyto alba) populations by controlling indirectly for phylogeny. This species is suitable because it varies in pheomelanin-based colouration from reddish-brown to white, and it displays eumelanic black spots for which the number and size vary between individuals, populations and species. Females are on average darker pheomelanic and display more and larger eumelanic spots than males. Our results show that on islands barn owls exhibited smaller and fewer eumelanic spots and lighter pheomelanic colouration, and shorter wings than on continents. Sexual dimorphism in pheomelanin-based colouration was less pronounced on islands than continents (i.e. on islands males tended to be as pheomelanic as females), and on small islands owls were redder pheomelanic and smaller in size than owls living on larger islands. Sexual dimorphism in the size of eumelanic spots was more pronounced (i.e. females displayed much larger spots than males) in barn owls living on islands located further away from a continent. Our study indicates that insular conditions drive the evolution towards a lower degree of eumelanism, smaller body size and affects the evolution of sexual dichromatism in melanin-based colour traits. The effect of insularity was more pronounced on body size and shape than on melanic traits.

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Sexual selection in lek-breeding species might drastically lower male effective population size, with potentially important consequences for evolutionary and conservation biology. Using field-monitoring and parental-assignment methods, we analyzed sex-specific variances in breeding success in a population of European treefrogs, to (1) help understanding the dynamics of genetic variance at sex-specific loci, and (2) better quantify the risk posed by genetic drift in this species locally endangered by habitat fragmentation. The variance in male mating success turned out to be markedly lower than values obtained from other amphibian species with polygamous mating systems. The ratio of effective breeding size to census breeding size was only slightly lower in males (0.44) than in females (0.57), in line with the patterns of genetic diversity previously reported from H. arborea sex chromosomes. Combining our results with data on age at maturity and adult survival, we show that the negative effect of the mating system is furthermore compensated by the effect of delayed maturity, so that the estimated instantaneous effective size broadly corresponded to census breeding size. We conclude that the lek-breeding system of treefrogs impacts only weakly the patterns of genetic diversity on sex-linked genes and the ability of natural populations to resist genetic drift.

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STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess whether having a good relationship with their mother was a protective factor against risky sexual behavior for female adolescents and whether it was independent of family structure. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of in-school adolescents aged 14-19 years. SETTING: Catalonia, in northeast Spain. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 3677 females divided according on whether they had a good (n=3335) or a bad (n=342) relationship with their mother. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of sexual activity and sexual behavior. RESULTS: Adolescents in the good relationship group were significantly younger, more likely to live in an intact family, to have a good relationship with their father and siblings, and to talk about sexuality and their partner with their mother. They were also less likely to have ever had sexual intercourse. Among those sexually experienced, they were significantly older at first intercourse and less likely to have multiple partners or a history of STI. After adjusting for potential confounders, females in the good relationship group were less likely to be sexually active and to have had multiple partners, independently of family structure. CONCLUSIONS: Having a good relationship with their mother is a protective factor against sexual intercourse and having multiple sexual partners independently of family structure. Communication between generations and having a good relationship with their father and siblings also play an important role.