Solid waste monitoring coverage

This map of South Carolina is divided into different districts showing coverage of solid waste monitoring. A contact person with telephone number and email address is provided for each district.

Solid Waste Permitting Coverage for Class 3 Landfills

This is a map showing the location of solid waste landfills in South Carolina.

Validazione di metodologie di simulazione dell’impatto a parete di spray di combustibile iniettati ad alta pressione

Il presente lavoro di tesi, svolto in collaborazione con una azienda del settore automotive, tratta lo studio di impatto di sprays combustibili su pareti calde adottando un approccio numerico CFD-3D. Viene effettuata la validazione di alcuni tra i più utilizzati modelli di interazione goccia-parete implementati nel software commerciale STAR-CD. Lo scopo principale del lavoro svolto è quello di indirizzare il lettore verso una corretta implementazione della simulazione di uno spray impattante, comprendere pregi e limiti dei modelli applicati e fornire dei criteri per effettuare la scelta tra uno di essi in funzione di condizioni di interesse motoristico.

Calibrazione e validazione di modelli per la simulazione CFD di impatto a parete di spray di combustibili

Il seguente lavoro è uno studio di iniezione (strategia, timing, spray pattern) svolto con la simulazione numerica, alle quali oggi si richiede dettaglio e accuratezza. Il lavoro si concentra sullo studio di spray multi componente, tramite la scrittura di una UDF (user define function) proprietaria, valutazione sensibilità dell'impatto a parete, film boiling a parametri modellistici influenzati dal multicomponente e scrittura di un codice per l'elaborazione delle immagini sia sperimentali che numeriche per rendere più esteso il confronto tra CFD e sperimentale, per migliorare le tarature e i modelli e comprendere meglio la fenomenologia.

Efficient wireless coverage of in-building environments with low electromagnetic impact

The city of tomorrow is a major integrating stake, which crosses a set of major broad spectrum domains. One of these areas is the instrumentation of this city and the ubiquity of the exchange of data, which will give the pulse of this city (sensors) and its breathing in a hyper-connected world within indoor and outdoor dense areas (data exchange, 5G and 6G). Within this context, the proposed doctorate project has the objective to realize cost- and energy- effective, short-range communication systems for the capillary wireless coverage of in-door environments with low electromagnetic impact and for highly dense outdoor networks. The result will be reached through the combined use of: 1) Radio over Fiber (RoF) Technology, to bring the Radio Frequency (RF) signal to the different areas to be covered. 2) Beamforming antennas to send in real time the RF power just in the direction(s) where it is really necessary.

Aquivion-based spray freeze-dried composite catalysts for the cascade conversion of furfural to γ-valerolactone

Furfural is one of the most promising biomass derived platform molecules. It is to this day produced in volumes above 300 ktons per year from the hydrolysis and dehydration of hemicellulose, one of the main components of lignocellulosic biomass. While the majority of the yearly production is destined to selective reduction to furfuryl alcohol for the production of furan resins, these molecules hold great potential for the production of more valuable chemicals, fuels, fuel additives and solvents. Among these products are alkyl levulinates and γ-valerolactone. To convert furfural to these target products, a cascade process involving Lewis acidity-catalysed reduction steps and Brønsted acidity-catalysed steps. In order to develop catalysts capable of promoting the one-pot domino reaction from furfural to γ-valerolactone, the two kinds of acidity must both be present. To this end, in this work, the spray freeze-drying technique is employed to combine the high activity and strong Brønsted acidity of Aquivion with the structural properties and Lewis acidity of different supporting metal oxide, forming composite catalysts. The flexibility of the spray freeze-drying technique and the modulable composition of the catalysts allowed a thorough study of the complex network of equilibria underlying the cascade reaction, while achieving high selectivities towards the final product.

Desorption/ionization Efficiencies Of Triacylglycerols And Phospholipids Via Easi-ms.

Knowledge of the major effects governing desorption/ionization efficiency is required for the development and application of ambient mass spectrometry. Although all triacylglycerols (TAG) have the same favorable protonation and cationization sites, their desorption/ionization efficiencies can vary dramatically during easy ambient sonic-spray ionization because of structural differences in the carbon chain. To quantify this somewhat surprising and drastic effect, we have performed a systematic investigation of desorption/ionization efficiencies as a function of unsaturation and length for TAG as well as for diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols and several phospholipids (PL). Affinities for Na(+) as a function of unsaturation level have also been assayed via comprehensive metadynamics calculations to understand the influence of this phenomenon on the ionization efficiency. The results suggest that dipole-dipole interactions within a carbon chain tuned by unsaturation sites govern ionization efficiency of TAG and PL.

Electronic And Structural Study Of Pt-modified Au Vicinal Surfaces: A Model System For Pt-au Catalysts.

Two single crystalline surfaces of Au vicinal to the (111) plane were modified with Pt and studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) in ultra-high vacuum environment. The vicinal surfaces studied are Au(332) and Au(887) and different Pt coverage (θPt) were deposited on each surface. From STM images we determine that Pt deposits on both surfaces as nanoislands with heights ranging from 1 ML to 3 ML depending on θPt. On both surfaces the early growth of Pt ad-islands occurs at the lower part of the step edge, with Pt ad-atoms being incorporated into the steps in some cases. XPS results indicate that partial alloying of Pt occurs at the interface at room temperature and at all coverage, as suggested by the negative chemical shift of Pt 4f core line, indicating an upward shift of the d-band center of the alloyed Pt. Also, the existence of a segregated Pt phase especially at higher coverage is detected by XPS. Sample annealing indicates that the temperature rise promotes a further incorporation of Pt atoms into the Au substrate as supported by STM and XPS results. Additionally, the catalytic activity of different PtAu systems reported in the literature for some electrochemical reactions is discussed considering our findings.

[impact Variables On The Decline In Infant Mortality In The State Of São Paulo, Brazil: 1998-2008].

This is an ecological, analytical and retrospective study comprising the 645 municipalities in the State of São Paulo, the scope of which was to determine the relationship between socioeconomic, demographic variables and the model of care in relation to infant mortality rates in the period from 1998 to 2008. The ratio of average annual change for each indicator per stratum coverage was calculated. Infant mortality was analyzed according to the model for repeated measures over time, adjusted for the following correction variables: the city's population, proportion of Family Health Programs (PSFs) deployed, proportion of Growth Acceleration Programs (PACs) deployed, per capita GDP and SPSRI (São Paulo social responsibility index). The analysis was performed by generalized linear models, considering the gamma distribution. Multiple comparisons were performed with the likelihood ratio with chi-square approximate distribution, considering a significance level of 5%. There was a decrease in infant mortality over the years (p < 0.05), with no significant difference from 2004 to 2008 (p > 0.05). The proportion of PSFs deployed (p < 0.0001) and per capita GDP (p < 0.0001) were significant in the model. The decline of infant mortality in this period was influenced by the growth of per capita GDP and PSFs.

Evolution Of The Deaths Registry System In Brazil: Associations With Changes In The Mortality Profile, Under-registration Of Death Counts, And Ill-defined Causes Of Death.

This paper examines the spatial pattern of ill-defined causes of death across Brazilian regions, and its relationship with the evolution of completeness of the deaths registry and changes in the mortality age profile. We make use of the Brazilian Health Informatics Department mortality database and population censuses from 1980 to 2010. We applied demographic methods to evaluate the quality of mortality data for 137 small areas and correct for under-registration of death counts when necessary. The second part of the analysis uses linear regression models to investigate the relationship between, on the one hand, changes in death counts coverage and age profile of mortality, and on the other, changes in the reporting of ill-defined causes of death. The completeness of death counts coverage increases from about 80% in 1980-1991 to over 95% in 2000-2010 at the same time the percentage of ill-defined causes of deaths reduced about 53% in the country. The analysis suggests that the government's efforts to improve data quality are proving successful, and they will allow for a better understanding of the dynamics of health and the mortality transition.

Characterization Of Anfo Explosive By High Accuracy Esi(±)-ftms With Forensic Identification On Real Samples By Easi(-)-ms.

Ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) is an explosive used in many civil applications. In Brazil, ANFO has unfortunately also been used in criminal attacks, mainly in automated teller machine (ATM) explosions. In this paper, we describe a detailed characterization of the ANFO composition and its two main constituents (diesel and a nitrate explosive) using high resolution and accuracy mass spectrometry performed on an FT-ICR-mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization (ESI(±)-FTMS) in both the positive and negative ion modes. Via ESI(-)-MS, an ion marker for ANFO was characterized. Using a direct and simple ambient desorption/ionization technique, i.e., easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS), in a simpler, lower accuracy but robust single quadrupole mass spectrometer, the ANFO ion marker was directly detected from the surface of banknotes collected from ATM explosion theft.

Production Of Microparticles With Gelatin And Chitosan.

In the past few decades, the textile industry has significantly increased investment in research to develop functional fabrics, with a special focus on those aggregating values. Such fabrics can exploit microparticles inferior to 100 μm, such as those made by complex coacervation in their creation. The antimicrobial properties of chitosan can be attributed to these microparticles. Developing particles with uniform structure and properties would facilitate the control for the eventual release of the core material. Thus, a complex coacervation between gelatin and chitosan was studied, and the optimal conditions were replicated in the encapsulation of limonene. Spherical particles formed had an average diameter (D3,2) of 30 μm and were prepared with 89.7% efficiency. Cross-linking of these microparticles using glutaraldehyde and tripolyphosphate was carried out before spray drying. After drying, microparticles cross-linked with glutaraldehyde were oxidized and clustered and those that were cross-linked with tripolyphosphate resisted drying and presented a high yield.

Química forense: perspectivas sobre novos métodos analíticos aplicados à documentoscopia, balística e drogas de abuso

In this review recent methods developed and applied to solve criminal occurences related to documentoscopy, ballistic and drugs of abuse are discussed. In documentoscopy, aging of ink writings, the sequence of line crossings and counterfeiting of documents are aspects to be solved with reproducible, fast and non-destructive methods. In ballistic, the industries are currently producing ''lead-free'' or ''nontoxic'' handgun ammunitions, so new methods of gunshot residues characterization are being presented. For drugs analysis, easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS) is shown to provide a relatively simple and selective screening tool to distinguish m-CPP and amphetamines (MDMA) tablets, cocaine and LSD.

Otimização da eficiência de limpeza em equipamento de beneficiamento de tomate de mesa

The post-harvesting cleaning process in fresh market tomatoes production is essential to the consumer acceptance, since the degree of dirtiness of the fruits is directly related to its quality. However, the washing stage of the cleaning process of commercial packinghouse demands an excessive water volume, bringing serious environmental concerns. The objective of this work was to compare the cleaning efficiency in two cleaning systems through the evaluation of different operational conditions of the cleaning process, related with the brush rotation, water flow and fruit standing time under the system. It was compared the conventional system utilized in commercial equipment with a system using commercial sprays. The results showed that the cleaning efficiency was not directly related to the water volume used, but to the water pressure, standing time and brushes rotation. Therefore, the use of commercial sprays can bring benefits to the cleaning efficiency, increasing it up to 13%, and to the environmental, decreasing water consumption.

Estrutura de um curso de taxonomia de campo: o modelo aplicado em Ubatuba, São Paulo

The field activities are essential for the education of a good taxonomist. The most common problems found in field activities are: a) large number of students, b) heterogeneous educational background and unlevelled knowledge of the participants, c) repetitions and tendency of collecting the more evidents life-forms. The causes and consequences of such problems are discussed herein. The proposed solution is a methodology, based on many years of experience in field courses for undergraduate and graduate courses. Topics about the ideal number of participants, area of coverage, period of activity, division of work and the necessary material and equipment are discussed. According to the number of species collected at the same place, this methodology may result in a list of local species with precise information about the life-forms, habitat, common names, frequency, uses, phenology and further information in this kind of work. The results of the aplication of this metodology in a field course held in the region of Ubatuba-SP are presented.