Contribution of ultrasonographic examination to the prenatal detection of chromosomal abnormalities in 19 centres across Europe.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prenatal detection of chromosomal abnormalities by fetal ultrasonographic examination in a large database provided by 19 Registries of Congenital Anomalies from 11 European countries. This study included 1738 cases of chromosomal abnormalities, liveborn, stillborn or termination of pregnancy regardless of maternal age from a population of 664,340 births during the period 1996 - 1998. The most frequent chromosomal anomalies were Down syndrome (n=1050), trisomy 18 (n=191), Turner syndrome (n=125), trisomy 13 (n=86), and triploidy (n=56). Fetal ultrasonographic examination resulted in the prenatal detection of 37.7% of the chromosomal abnormalities, thereby resulting in a reduction of 28.6% in their prevalence at birth due to terminations of pregnancy. The detection rate by ultrasound examination varied according to local policies of prenatal diagnosis : it was lower in countries where routine scan were not performed and higher in countries in which at least one routine anomaly scan during the second trimester of pregnancy was performed. The ultrasound detection varied according to the specific chromosomal anomaly and was lowest for Klinefelter syndrome (5.7%) and highest for triploidy (78.6%). For Down syndrome it was 26.4%. Termination of pregnancy was performed in 75.9% of the cases. Among the 655 cases detected by ultrasound, the most frequent ultrasound signs by category of chromosomal abnormalities were analysed. This study shows that ultrasound screening is an important tool in the prenatal detection of chromosomal abnormalities in Europe, leading to a significant reduction in the prevalence of livebirth children with chromosomal anomalies.

European Council of Legal Medicine (ECLM) accreditation of forensic pathology services in Europe.

Forensic experts play a major role in the legal process as they offer professional expert opinion and evidence within the criminal justice system adjudicating on the innocence or alleged guilt of an accused person. In this respect, medico-legal examination is an essential part of the investigation process, determining in a scientific way the cause(s) and manner of unexpected and/or unnatural death or bringing clinical evidence in case of physical, psychological, or sexual abuse in living people. From a legal perspective, these types of investigation must meet international standards, i.e., it should be independent, effective, and prompt. Ideally, the investigations should be conducted by board-certified experts in forensic medicine, endowed with a solid experience in this field, without any hierarchical relationship with the prosecuting authorities and having access to appropriate facilities in order to provide forensic reports of high quality. In this respect, there is a need for any private or public national or international authority including non-governmental organizations seeking experts qualified in forensic medicine to have at disposal a list of specialists working in accordance with high standards of professional performance within forensic pathology services that have been successfully submitted to an official accreditation/certification process using valid and acceptable criteria. To reach this goal, the National Association of Medical Examiners (NAME) has elaborated an accreditation/certification checklist which should be served as decision-making support to assist inspectors appointed to evaluate applicants. In the same spirit than NAME Accreditation Standards, European Council of Legal Medicine (ECLM) board decided to set up an ad hoc working group with the mission to elaborate an accreditation/certification procedure similar to the NAME's one but taking into account the realities of forensic medicine practices in Europe and restricted to post-mortem investigations. This accreditation process applies to services and not to individual practitioners by emphasizing policies and procedures rather than professional performance. In addition, the standards to be complied with should be considered as the minimum standards needed to get the recognition of performing and reliable forensic pathology service.

Retour sur l'Europe chinoise

Tandis que les modes de la chinoiserie au XVIIIe et du japonisme au XIXe siècles ont fait l'objet d'innombrables publications, pour ce qui est des périodes antérieures les apports de l'Orient ont été généralement occultés par les historiens de l'art occidentaux. Cette véritable tache aveugle est-elle le fruit de l'ignorance ou le signe d'un chauvinisme européocentrique et anachronique ?¦On rappellera d'abord l'importance et la fréquence des contacts séculaires le long des routes de la soie, parcourues par les missionnaires et les marchands. Deux études de cas serviront ensuite à illustrer les phénomènes d'hybridation et de métissage qui résultent d'emprunts formels. Dans la peinture de paysage, la présence de nuages ou de montagnes chinoises en Europe dès le XVe siècle témoigne de migrations d'est en ouest. Quant au motif architectural de la porte en forme de gueule de monstre, présent du jardin de Bomarzo au Palazzo Zuccari de Rome, il semble également relever d'une source iconographique exotique, celle du kala indonésien.

Income and body mass index in Europe

The problem of obesity is alarming public health authorities around the world. Therefore, it is important to study its determinants. In this paper we explore the empirical relationship between household income and body mass index (BMI) in nine European Union countries. Our findings suggest that the association is negative for women, but we find no statistically significant relationship for men. However, we show that the different relationship for men and women appears to be driven by the negative relationship for women between BMI and individual income from work. We tentatively conclude that the negative relationship between household income and BMI for women may simply be capturing the wage penalty that obese women suffer in the labor market.

Les maladies rares affectent 30 millions de personnes en Europe

En Europe, une maladie est dite rare lorsqu'elle affecte moins d'une personne sur 2000. C'est une affection invalidante pouvant mettre en jeu le pronostic vital et qui nécessite des efforts combinés spéciaux pour sa prise en charge. Plus de 7000 maladies rares ont été identifiées à ce jour. Prises dans leur ensemble, elles affectent 30 millions de personnes en Europe et constituent un problème majeur de santé publique. L'Union européenne et de nombreux Etats membres ont déjà pris des mesures spécifiques de grande ampleur pour lutter contre les maladies rares, mais cette problématique est encore largement méconnue en Suisse. La première Journée européenne des maladies rares invite les autorités politiques suisses, les professionnels de santé, les scientifiques et l'industrie pharmaceutique à soutenir les efforts déjà initiés et progresser dans la lutte contre les maladies rares dans notre pays.

Consumer Advisory Bulletin, Prevent Home Repair Scams and Disputes, April 2009

The Attorney General’s Consumer Protection Division receives hundreds of calls and consumer complaints every year. Follow these tips to avoid unexpected expense and disappointments. This record is about: Prevent Home Repair Scams and Disputes

Major Home Appliances,2008

If you haven’t been in the market for new appliances during the past several years, you’re going to be surprised at how innovative and energy-efficient appliances have become. You’ll find energy-smart appliance choices in almost all price ranges. Before heading to the local appliance retailer or “big-box” store, measure the space the new appliance will occupy to make sure it will fit—and that there’s enough room to fully open the door (or lid), as well as adequate clearances for ventilation, plumbing connections and other hookups. Then go to the appliance manufacturers’ Web sites to look at product information, and make a list of questions and “must-have” and “nice-to-have-but-not-essential” features.

Report on the Community Development Block Grant and Home Investment Partnerships Programs administered by the Region XII Council of Governments for the period July 1, 2005 through November 21, 2008

Report on the Community Development Block Grant and Home Investment Partnerships Programs administered by the Region XII Council of Governments for the period July 1, 2005 through November 21, 2008

Religious Slaughter in Europe

Halal and Shechita slaughter were assessed in 135 European abattoirs. Shechita is carried out without stunning in all abattoirs, while 65% of cattle abattoirs, 50% small ruminants and 50% poultry abattoirs use preslaughter stunning for Halal Slaughter.