17-12-19, cross country à Antony (interclubs des White Harriers) Redinger, gagnant club Société Générale : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 57170

Habilidades sociales : Una aplicación al Síndrome de Asperger

Las personas con síndrome de Asperger presentan dificultades para la comprensión del otro, para ponerse en su lugar, para saber distinguir entre engaño, mentira y verdad. Tienen serias dificultades en habilidades sociales, sobre todo en saber escuchar, guardar los turnos de palabra, interesarse y entender los estados emocionales. Por este motivo, utilizando la Teoría de la mente y el Paradigma cognitivo, a través de historias sociales, conversaciones en forma de historietas, modelaje... intentaremos ayudar a estas personas a vivir sin estrés sus relaciones sociales para que éstas sean más ajustadas y gratificantes.

Molecular chaperones and associated cellular clearance mechanisms against toxic protein conformers in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by the loss of dopaminergic neurons (in particular in the substantia nigra) causing severe impairment of movement coordination and locomotion, associated with the accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein (α-Syn) into proteinaceous inclusions named Lewy bodies. Various early forms of misfolded α-Syn oligomers are cytotoxic. Their formation is favored by mutations and external factors, such as heavy metals, pesticides, trauma-related oxidative stress and heat shock. Here, we discuss the role of several complementing cellular defense mechanisms that may counteract PD pathogenesis, especially in youth, and whose effectiveness decreases with age. Particular emphasis is given to the 'holdase' and 'unfoldase' molecular chaperones that provide cells with potent means to neutralize and scavenge toxic protein conformers. Because chaperones can specifically recognize misfolded proteins, they are key specificity factors for other cellular defenses, such as proteolysis by the proteasome and autophagy. The efficiency of the cellular defenses decreases in stressed or aging neurons, leading to neuroinflammation, apoptosis and tissue loss. Thus, drugs that can upregulate the molecular chaperones, the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy in brain tissues are promising avenues for therapies against PD and other mutation-, stress- or age-dependent protein-misfolding diseases.

Evaluación de la situación del Síndrome de Burnout, Reactividad al Estrés y Calidad de Vida Profesional de los residentes de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor en Cataluña

Tanto el estrés cómo el Síndrome de Burnout, condicionados por factores demográficos, económicos, sociales y profesionales, afectan especialmente al colectivo médico y sobretodo a residentes. Se recogieron 154 residentes de Anestesiología que cumplimentaron tres cuestionarios : Malasch Burnout Inventory, índice de Reactividad al Estrés y Calidad de Vida Profesional. El 49,3% presentó Agotamiento Emocional alto y el 53,3% alta Despersonalización, presentando Burnout el 66,4%. El 47,9% tenía un Probable Trastorno de Estrés, y su valoración global de Calidad de Vida Profesional fue del 6,17 en una escala del 1 al 10. La incidencia de Burnout entre los residentes de Anestesiología de Cataluña es elevada, y casi la mitad de ellos probablemente padecen un trastorno de estrés.

Individual reproductive success and effective population size in the greater white-toothed shrew Crocidura russula.

In order to investigate the determinants of effective population size in the socially monogamous Crocidura russula, the reproductive output of 44 individuals was estimated through genetic assignment methods. The individual variance in breeding success turned out to be surprisingly high, mostly because the males were markedly less monogamous than expected from previous behavioural data. Males paired simultaneously with up to four females and polygynous males had significantly more offspring than monogamous ones. The variance in female reproductive success also exceeded that of a Poisson distribution (though to a lesser extent), partly because females paired with multiply mated males weaned significantly more offspring. Polyandry also occurred occasionally, but only sequentially (i.e. without multiple paternity of litters). Estimates of the effective to census size ratio were ca. 0.60, which excluded the mating system as a potential explanation for the high genetic variance found in this shrew's populations. Our data suggest that gene flow from the neighbourhood (up to one-third of the total recruitment) is the most likely cause of the high levels of genetic diversity observed in this shrew's subpopulations.

Síndrome de Burnout entre os trabalhadores da Estratégia de Saúde da Família

Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, desenvolvido junto a dezesseis equipes de Estratégia de Saúde da Família de Santa Maria (RS), que objetivou identificar os trabalhadores com a Síndrome de Burnout e as variáveis associadas a este distúrbio. A amostra foi composta por 86 trabalhadores, representando 86,3% dos profissionais (médico, enfermeiro, técnico de enfermagem, odontólogo e auxiliar de consultório dentário) e 30,2% dos agentes comunitários de saúde, os quais responderam ao Maslach Inventory Burnout. A idade média do grupo foi de 36,94±9,3 anos, com predominância do sexo feminino (84,9%). A maioria possui companheiro (68,2%), tem filhos (69,4%), trabalha, em média, 3,38±1,9 anos na equipe e não realiza atividades físicas (62,8%). Identificaram-se seis trabalhadores (6,9%) com a Síndrome de Burnout, a qual teve associação estatística significativa (p= 0,034) com a variável idade jovem. Os mais jovens obtiveram escores superiores nas subescalas de desgaste emocional e despersonalização do Inventário de Burnout.

Correlation of diffusion tensor tractography and intraoperative macrostimulation during deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease.

Object The purpose of this study was to investigate whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the corticospinal tract (CST) is a reliable surrogate for intraoperative macrostimulation through the deep brain stimulation (DBS) leads. The authors hypothesized that the distance on MRI from the DBS lead to the CST as determined by DTI would correlate with intraoperative motor thresholds from macrostimulations through the same DBS lead. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed pre- and postoperative MRI studies and intraoperative macrostimulation recordings in 17 patients with Parkinson disease (PD) treated by DBS stimulation. Preoperative DTI tractography of the CST was coregistered with postoperative MRI studies showing the position of the DBS leads. The shortest distance and the angle from each contact of each DBS lead to the CST was automatically calculated using software-based analysis. The distance measurements calculated for each contact were evaluated with respect to the intraoperative voltage thresholds that elicited a motor response at each contact. Results There was a nonsignificant trend for voltage thresholds to increase when the distances between the DBS leads and the CST increased. There was a significant correlation between the angle and the voltage, but the correlation was weak (coefficient of correlation [R] = 0.36). Conclusions Caution needs to be exercised when using DTI tractography information to guide DBS lead placement in patients with PD. Further studies are needed to compare DTI tractography measurements with other approaches such as microelectrode recordings and conventional intraoperative MRI-guided placement of DBS leads.

Sub-acute delayed failure of subthalamic DBS in Parkinson's disease: the role of micro-lesion effect.

OBJECTIVE: To study delayed failure after subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. METHODS: Out of 56 consecutive bilaterally STN-implanted PD patients, we selected subjects who, after initial clinical improvement (1 month after surgery), lost benefit (delayed failure, DF). RESULTS: Five patients developed sub-acutely severe gait disorders (DF). In 4/5 DF patients, a micro-lesion effect, defined as improvement without stimulation, was observed; immediate post-operative MRI demonstrated electrode located above or behind to the STN. CONCLUSIONS: Patients presenting micro-lesion effect should be carefully monitored, as this phenomenon can mask electrodes misplacement and evolution in DF

Sintomas de pacientes antes da primeira hospitalização por Síndrome Coronariana Aguda

Este estudo objetivou caracterizar os pacientes quanto ao relato da presença de sintomas de dor torácica, dispneia e limitação das atividades diárias uma semana antes da primeira hospitalização por Síndrome Coronariana Aguda, segundo a forma de apresentação clínica, e compará-las. Estudo transversal, descritivo e correlacional. Utilizou-se um instrumento de avaliação clínica que investigou a presença e a gravidade dos sintomas de dispneia, precordialgia e restrição física decorrentes da isquemia do miocárdio. Com relação à limitação para realização de atividades físicas, pacientes com diagnóstico de angina instável mostraram maior comprometimento na semana que antecedeu a internação, assim como relataram a presença de dispneia e precordialgia com maior frequência do que os pacientes infartados em situações que vão desde realizarem grandes esforços como, por exemplo, caminhar na subida ou muito rápido no plano, até situações de repouso ou de pequenos esforços.

Nonshivering thermogenesis capacity associated to mitochondrial DNA haplotypes and gender in the greater white-toothed shrew, Crocidura russula.

A selection gradient was recently suggested as one possible cause for a clinal distribution of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes along an altitudinal transect in the greater white-toothed shrew, Crocidura russula (Ehinger et al. 2002). One mtDNA haplotype (H1) rare in lowland, became widespread when approaching the altitudinal margin of the distribution. As H1 differs from the main lowland haplotype by several nonsynonymous mutations (including on ATP6), and as mitochondria play a crucial role in metabolism and thermogenesis, distribution patterns might stem from differences in the thermogenic capacity of different mtDNA haplotypes. In order to test this hypothesis, we measured the nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) associated with different mtDNA haplotypes. Sixty-two shrews, half of which had the H1 haplotype, were acclimated in November at semioutdoor conditions and measured for NST throughout winter. Our results showed the crucial role of NST for winter survival in C. russula. The individuals that survived winter displayed a higher significant increase in NST during acclimation, associated with a significant gain in body mass, presumably from brown fat accumulation. The NST capacity (ratio of NST to basal metabolic rate) was exceptionally high for such a small species. NST was significantly affected by a gender x haplotype interaction after winter-acclimation: females bearing the H1 haplotype displayed a better thermogenesis at the onset of the breeding season, while the reverse was true for males. Altogether, our results suggest a sexually antagonistic cyto-nuclear selection on thermogenesis.

Estudi de xarxes socials interactives amb gent de Síndrome de Down i disseny d'un primer prototip

En aquest PFC s’ha investigat si les xarxes socials poden ser una eina útil i enriquidora per persones amb Síndrome de Down. S’han estudiat els diferents tipus i objectius que tenen les xarxes socials més comunes, i a partir de les característiques de les persones amb SD, s’ha definit un nou tipus de xarxa social que compleix les necessitats dels usuaris. Els usuarisinvolucrats en aquest PFC no sempre saben exterioritzar els seus sentiments i opinions així que s’han buscat altres formes d’arribar a comprendre les seves necessitats. En una primera fase dedisseny centrat en l’usuari s’han trobat solucions a característiques especials del perfil dels usuaris. Més tard en una segona fase de disseny contextual s’ha comprès l’entorn dels usuaris a través, entre d’altres, d’una entrevista amb els pares dels usuaris. En tercer lloc, en la fase dedisseny centrat en l’ús s’han definit millor els diferent rols, tasques, continguts i navegació de la xarxa social. El nou model de xarxa social utilitzarà avanços tecnològics per facilitar l’accessibilitat com un pendrive d’identificació digital o un tutor virtual, a més a més decomptar amb la participació activa a la xarxa social dels familiars dels usuaris per motivar-los.Finalment amb el software Macromedia Fireworks 8 s’ha creat un primer prototip simulant les diferents característiques, directrius i solucions tractades anteriorment en les etapes de disseny.

Síndrome de Burnout entre enfermeiros de um hospital geral da cidade do Recife

Este estudo descritivo, transversal, censitário, identificou Burnout e alguns fatores associados entre enfermeiros da assistência pediátrica e tocoginecológica de hospital geral do nível terciário de atenção do Recife (PE). Participaram 63 profissionais (98,4% do total) que responderam a um questionário auto-aplicável (aspectos sócio-demográficos, condições laborais e Maslach Burnout Inventory). Na análise utilizou-se qui-quadrado, com nível de confiança de 95%. Predominou o gênero feminino (92,1%), com até cinco anos de profissão (68,2%), sendo 52,5% da área pediátrica. Constataram-se altos níveis de exaustão emocional (49,2%) e despersonalização (27,0%) e baixo nível de realização profissional (4,8%), estando 4,7% com Burnout. Mostraram associação: alto nível de exaustão emocional e realizar frequentemente/sempre tarefas com muita rapidez (p=0,039) e receber salário incompatível com o esforço empregado (p=0,016); altos níveis de despersonalização e ter até cinco anos de profissão (p=0,010) e efetuar frequentemente/sempre tarefas com muita rapidez (p=0,009). Para 19,0% pelo menos duas das três dimensões apontavam alta propensão à síndrome.

Componentes da síndrome metabólica na hipertensão arterial

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e comparar a prevalência da síndrome metabólica entre hipertensos e normotensos. Os aspectos adotados para a definição de síndrome metabólica foram os definidos pelo National Cholesterol Education Program/Adults Treatment Painel (NCEP-ATP III). Os dados referentes aos perfis clínicos e bioquímicos foram processados no programa SPSS para cálculo de frequências absolutas e porcentagens. Utilizou-se o teste t de Student para comparações das médias, sendo as diferenças consideradas estatisticamente significantes para p<0,05. A amostra foi composta por 93 participantes normotensos e 168 hipertensos. Identificou-se a presença de síndrome metabólica em 60,7% dos hipertensos e 18,3% dos normotensos. Os portadores de hipertensão arterial apresentam diferença significante nos valores de pressão arterial (p<0,001), circunferência abdominal (p<0,001), glicemia (p<0,05) e triglicérides plasmáticos (p<0,05). A frequência dos riscos cardiometabólicos associados à síndrome metabólica é maior na presença de doença hipertensiva.