Caminhos para a avaliação da formação em odontologia: desenvolvimento, validação e aplicação de critérios

The need for universal access to health and the failure of the pedagogical model centered on the transmission of knowledge has led to changes in the training of health professionals. The objective of this study was to provide a new alternative for evaluating dental students through the development, validation and application of evaluation criteria based on the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCN in Brazil). Therefore, the study was conducted in three phases: development and validation of evaluation criteria of Dentistry courses based on the DCN; a pilot study to verify the applicability of the validated criteria and evaluation of the dentistry courses in the Northeast. In the first stage, a logical model was formulated, allowing for the construction of a criteria matrix, validated by a modified Delphi consensus technique. The validated matrix has the following dimensions: Profile of graduates, health care guidance, teaching and service integration, and pedagogical approach. The pilot study was conducted in five dental courses through a documentary study of the pedagogical project course (PPC), and application of validated questionnaires and interviews with course coordinators. The results of the pilot study indicate the possibility of being verified by means of validated criteria and using different methodological proposals, advances and curricular limitations facing the proposed reorientation of training recommended by DCN. The evaluation of Northeast Dentistry courses was carried out by applying a questionnaire validating a matrix of 30 course coordinators, including public and private institutions. The data were submitted to descriptive analysis, and also tested the difference between means and the correlation between the assessment of the coordinators in the dimensions and sub-dimensions with each other, among the general evaluation of courses and between the following variables: administrative category, time since last curriculum updating, participation in reorienting the training of health professionals programs, ENADE and CPC (Preliminary Concepts of the Course) scores in the year 2013. Positive correlation (p <0.01) was found between the means obtained by the perception of the coordinators in most dimensions, and also between them and the overall performance of the course. There were no significant differences between the coordinators’ perception about course performance and the administrative category (public / private). This difference is slightly higher when the average performance is compared with respect to time due to the last curriculum update, getting better performance in courses with the latest updated curriculum, even with there not 11 being this significant difference between dimensions. Better averages of performance were obtained in courses that do not participate in reorientation programs of professional training, with a significant difference (p<0.05) for the overall score and for all dimensions except the dimensions of teaching-service Integration (p = 0.064). There was no significant correlation between the assessment of coordinators in all dimensions, in the overall assessment or ENADE and CPC scores in 2013. The final instrument proposed in this study is a different alternative assessment for health training of both dentists and other professionals, considering that the DCN providing for the training and graduation of professionals is focused on the health needs of the population, integrated with the SUS (the National Brazilian Health System) and based on student-centered learning.

Características dos programas de residência médica em cardiologia do estado do Rio Grande do Norte

The present study had as goal to evaluate Rio Grande do Norte state’s medical residency programs (MRP) in Cardiology. It’s a descriptive study, including a documental analysis of the program’s accreditation processes (PAP) of cardiology’s medical residency in Rio Grande do Norte state in 2014 and the analysis of the resident’s perception about his professional education as a specialist in Cardiology. Beside the documental analysis of the PAPs, it was applied a semi-structured questionnaire with closed questions Likert style and open questions to all the current and former residents of the MRPs analyzed. Two MRPs in Cardiology were identified in Rio Grande do Norte state, one hosted in a public institution and the other in a private institution. The documental analysis showed a greater amount of preceptors with a good level of ownership on the public institution in comparison with the private one, as well as a bigger number of publications, participation in congresses and in book’s publications. The private institution presents a better Urgency’s infrastructure, with emergency room and cardiologic ICU. It IS clear that the residents are aware of how a good residency must work, as well as the strengths and fragilities of their own residences. Most of Onofre Lopes Universitary Hospital’s residents point out as a strength the organization, participation and quality of the preceptors, practice activities and scientific debates, great amount of patients and the visits and debates with the preceptors on the sickrooms. As the greatest fragilities, they emphasize the lack of a urgency service of their own and a specialized ICU. In Coração Hospital of Natal (HCor), it is listed as weak points the theoretic scheduling and the few ambulatory practices. As positive aspects, they report the preceptors, the agility on the execution of exams, a good number of serious patients and procedures. In both residences, it is seen a certain difficulty in accepting the important and mandatory items imposed by the rules of the Medical Residences’ National Committee, such as: biostatistics, bioethics, medical ethic, epidemiology and research methodology. Besides that, the residents recognize that both hospitals have a good infrastructure and technological support, especially in imaging methods. The evaluation of PRMCs identifies the strengths of each program and the aspects to be improved in both programs. It also allowed the observation of difficulties in accepting some regulations contained in the CNRM resolution by the resident, such as participation in activities such as biostatistics, epidemiology and research methodology as well as the improvement needs of specific technical training, such as in emergency care. Thus, our results make possible to develop strategies for continued improvement of PRMC in RN state. In addition, it enabled the preparation of the resident’s manual in cardiology, containing even a breakdown of resident evaluation system, which could serve as a model for other residency programs.

Avaliação da efetividade do Programa de Alimentação do Trabalhador

This study analyzed the Worker’s Healthy Eating Program in Rio Grande do Norte state (RN) to assess its possible impact on the nutritional status of the workers benefitted. To that end, we conducted a cross-sectional observational prospective study based on a multistage stratified random sample comparing 26 small and medium-sized companies from the Manufacturing Sector (textiles, food and beverages, and nonmetallic minerals) of RN, divided into two equal groups (WFP and Non WFP). Interviews were conducted at each company by trained interviewers from Tuesday to Saturday between September and December 2014. Data were collected on the company (characterization and information regarding the program’s desired results) and workers (personal and professional information, anthropometrics, health, lifestyle and food consumed the previous day). Population estimates were calculated for RN on the characteristics of workers and the study variables. The main variable was BMI. The secondary variables were waist circumference (WC), nutritional diagnosis, calorie intake, blood pressure, metabolic variables and lifestyle indicators. The statistical method used was hierarchical mixed effects linear regression for interval variables and hierarchical mixed effects logistic regression for binary variables. The variables measured in ordinal scales were analyzed by ordinal logistic regression adjusted for correlated variables, adopting robust standard errors. The results for interval variables are presented as point estimates and their 95% confidence intervals; and as odds-ratios and their 95% confidence intervals for binary variables. The Fisher’s exact and Student’s t-tests were used for simple comparisons between proportions and means, respectively. Differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. A total of 1069 workers were interviewed, of which 541 were from the WFP group and 528 from the Non WFP group. Subjects were predominantly males and average age was 34.5 years. Significant intergroup differences were observed for schooling level, income above 1 MW (minimum wage) and specific training for their position at the company. The results indicated a significant difference between the BMI of workers benefitted, which was on average 0.989 kg/m2 higher than the BMI of workers from the Non WFP group (p=0.002); and between the WC, with the waist circumference of WFP group workers an average of 1.528 cm larger (p<0.05). Higher prevalence of overweight and obesity (p<0.001) and cardiovascular risk (p=0.038) were recorded in the WFP group. Tests on the possible effect of the WFP on health (blood pressure and metabolic indicators) and lifestyle indicators (smoking, alcohol consumption and exercise) were not significant. With respect to worker’s diets, differences were significant for consumption of saturated fat (lunch and daily intake), salt (lunch, other meals and daily intake) and proteins (other meals and daily intake), with higher consumption of these nutrients in the WFP group. The study showed a possible positive impact of the WFP on nutritional status (BMI and WC) among the workers benefitted. No possible effects of the program were observed for the lifestyle indicators studied. Workers benefitted consumed less salt, saturated fat and protein. The relevance of the WFP is recognized for this portion of society and it is understood that, if the program can reach and impact those involved, the development of educational initiatives aimed at nutritional and food safety may also exert a positive influence.

Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana das defensinas recombinantes de ervilha (drr230a) e café (cd1) produzidas em Pichia pastoris

The inefficiency of chemical pesticides to control phytopathogenic fungi in agriculture and the frequent incidence of human diseases caused by bacteria which are resistant to antibiotics lead to the search for alternative antimicrobial compounds. In this context, plant defensins are a promising tool for the control of both plant and human pathogenic agents. Plant defensins are cationic peptides of about 50 amino acid residues, rich in cysteine and whose tridimensional structure is considerably conserved among different plant species. These antimicrobial molecules represent an important innate component from plant defense response against pathogens and are expressed in various plant tissues, such as leaves, tubers, flowers, pods and seeds. The present work aimed at the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of two plant defensins against different phytopathogenic fungi and pathogenic bacteria to humans. The defensin Drr230a, whose gene was isolated from pea (Pisum sativum), and the defensin CD1,whose gene was identified within coffee (Coffea arabica) transcriptome, were subcloned in yeast expression vector and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The gene cd1 was subcloned as two different recombinant forms: CD1tC, containing a six-histidine sequence (6xHis) at the peptide C-terminal region and CD1tN, containing 6xHis coding sequence at the N-terminal region. In the case of the defensin Drr230a, the 6xHis coding sequence was inserted only at the N-terminal region. Assays of the antimicrobial activity of the purified recombinant proteins rDrr230a and rCD1 against Phakopsora pachyrhizi, causal agent of soybean Asian rust, were performed to analyze the in vitro spore germination inhibition and disease severity caused by the fungus in planta. Both recombinant defensins were able to inhibit P. pachyrhizi uredospore germination, with no difference between the antimicrobial action of either CD1tC or CD1tN. Moreover, rDrr230a and rCD1 drastically reduced severity of soybean Asian rust, as demonstrated by in planta assays. In spite of the fact that rCD1 was not able to inhibit proliferation of the human pathogenic bacteria Staplylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, rCD1 was able to inhibit growth of the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium tucumaniae, that causes soybean sudden death syndrome. The obtained results show that these plant defensins are useful candidates to be used in plant genetic engineering programs to control agriculture impacting fungal diseases.

Testes para a avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Moringa oleifera Lam

The evaluation of seed vigor is an important factor for detection of lots of high quality seeds, so that development of procedures to evaluate the physiological potential has been an important tool in quality control programs seeds. In this sense the study aimed to adapt the methodologies of accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and potassium leaching to evaluate Moringa oleifera seed vigor LAM.. Therefore, four lots of moringa seeds were subjected to the germination tests, seedling emergence, speed of emergence index, emergence first count, length and dry mass of seedlings and cold test for their physiological characterization, in addition to accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and potassium leaching. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications of 50 seeds and the means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. For accelerated aging the periods were studied aging 12, 24 and 72 hours at 40, 42 and 45°C. For the electrical conductivity test was used to a temperature of 25°C for periods of 4, 8, 12, 16 and 24 hours of immersion in 75 to 125 mL of distilled water, using 25 to 50 seeds, and for potassium leaching test samples were used 25 to 50 seeds, placed in plastic cups containing 70 and 100 mL of distilled water at 25°C for periods of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours. From the results obtained, it can be inferred that the methods best fit for the accelerated aging test Moringa seeds were a temperature of 40°C for 12 to 72 hours, 42°C 72 hours 45°C 24 hours . In the electrical conductivity test Moringa seeds, the combination of 50 seeds in 75 mL distilled water for a period of immersion of 4 hours and 50 seeds in 125 mL of 4 hours were efficient for the differentiation of lots of Moringa seeds as to vigor and for potassium leaching test moringa seeds, the combination of 50 seeds in 100mL of distilled water allowed the separation of lots of four levels of vigor, at 2 hours of immersion, showing promise in evaluate the quality of moringa seeds.

Testes para a avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Moringa oleifera Lam

The evaluation of seed vigor is an important factor for detection of lots of high quality seeds, so that development of procedures to evaluate the physiological potential has been an important tool in quality control programs seeds. In this sense the study aimed to adapt the methodologies of accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and potassium leaching to evaluate Moringa oleifera seed vigor LAM.. Therefore, four lots of moringa seeds were subjected to the germination tests, seedling emergence, speed of emergence index, emergence first count, length and dry mass of seedlings and cold test for their physiological characterization, in addition to accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and potassium leaching. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications of 50 seeds and the means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. For accelerated aging the periods were studied aging 12, 24 and 72 hours at 40, 42 and 45°C. For the electrical conductivity test was used to a temperature of 25°C for periods of 4, 8, 12, 16 and 24 hours of immersion in 75 to 125 mL of distilled water, using 25 to 50 seeds, and for potassium leaching test samples were used 25 to 50 seeds, placed in plastic cups containing 70 and 100 mL of distilled water at 25°C for periods of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours. From the results obtained, it can be inferred that the methods best fit for the accelerated aging test Moringa seeds were a temperature of 40°C for 12 to 72 hours, 42°C 72 hours 45°C 24 hours . In the electrical conductivity test Moringa seeds, the combination of 50 seeds in 75 mL distilled water for a period of immersion of 4 hours and 50 seeds in 125 mL of 4 hours were efficient for the differentiation of lots of Moringa seeds as to vigor and for potassium leaching test moringa seeds, the combination of 50 seeds in 100mL of distilled water allowed the separation of lots of four levels of vigor, at 2 hours of immersion, showing promise in evaluate the quality of moringa seeds.

O comportamento eleitoral da nova classe trabalhadora no Rio Grande do Norte 2014: ideologia, avaliação de governo e voto

This thesis investigates the voting behavior of the fractions of the new working class in Rio Grande do Norte, more specifically in the cities of Natal, Mossoró and Caicó, from the presidential election of 2014. This research examined the ideology, the evaluation of government and guidance the vote of a portion of the working classes of RN voters. In Brazil, from 2003, socio-economic change has occurred perceptibly, especially in a part of the working classes who ascended socially and switched to the "C economic class." Thus, there was this period, a significant expansion of this social stratum. The expansion of the "class C" in the past decade in Brazil raised the academic debate and in the media about the emergence of a "new middle class". Neri (2008) termed the "class C" of the "new middle class" and that will be the central part of their studies. But the debate on the "new middle class" can not be simplistic to the point of considering that social mobility, the main variable income, entered this segment of the population in the middle class, because it has different specificities of the popular classes. To understand this phenomenon, the income variable was outdated, adding the importance of ownership of the means of production, control of labor power and the symbolic values in the division of social classes resulting in three fractions of the new working class: the management positions, non-heads and small fighters. In this study, using as a complement to the sociological approach (ideologies and social classes) and the performance evaluation was identified that the new working class (heads) mainly reproduced the ideological and political positioning of the middle class, resulting in the rejection of PT governments (2003-2014) and it’s social, compensatory and redistributive policies. From what has been seen, the new working class (chiefs) approaches the ideological and political behavior of the middle class that will reflect in their electoral choices and class interests. The new working class (not heads and small fighters who voted in the situation) because of its classist and ideological interests approached the Workers' Party positively evaluating the Lula-Dilma governments (2003-2014) due to the implementation of compensatory policies, and redistributive programs government turned to the popular classes. In a counterpoint, the voters of the new working class (not heads and small fighters) who voted null, reproduced the discourse of mainstream media and the middle class about the rejection of compensatory policies, redistribution and government programs of Lula-Dilma governments, and consequently they disapproved of the government Dilma and her candidacy.

Avaliação da Capacidade Antioxidante e da Estabilidade Após Embalamento a Vácuo de Hambúrgueres de Pata-roxa (Scyliorhinus canicula).

Toneladas de pescado são desperdiçadas diariamente aquando do processamento do peixe e o hambúrguer de pata-roxa foi desenvolvido para reaproveitar esse pescado subvalorizado e para ser uma fonte nutricional rica em antioxidantes. No presente trabalho, pretendeu-se comprovar o potencial antioxidante antes e após o tratamento térmico do hambúrguer de pata-roxa, e o potencial citotóxico e antiproliferativo sobre um modelo celular do cancro da mama (MCF-7). Foi também observada a estabilidade do hambúrguer de pata-roxa embalado a vácuo e refrigerado. A extração dos compostos fitoquímicos foi realizada com solventes de polaridade distinta (água, metanol e diclorometano) e com diferentes durações do processo (12h e 24h). O tratamento térmico aplicado foi vinte minutos a 180ºC. O potencial antioxidante foi avaliado pela capacidade de redução do radical livre 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) e pela capacidade de redução de radicais de oxigénio (ORAC), e através da quantificação total de polifenóis (QTP) pelo método de Folin-Ciocalteu (FC). O potencial citotóxico e antiproliferativo foi avaliado na linha celular MCF-7, cujos resultados foram revelados por ensaios espectrofotométricos (método do brometo de 3- (4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difenil tetrazólio (MTT)) e fluorimétricos (método de acetoxi-metil éster de calceína (calceína-AM)). A estabilidade do hambúrguer de pataroxa em vácuo e refrigerado foi avaliada através do estudo microbiológico com metodologias de referência (contagens de “totais” e produtores de sulfureto de hidrogénio (H2S) aeróbios e anaeróbios, esporos de Clostridium sulfitos-redutores, enterobactérias, Escherichia coli e pesquisa de Salmonella spp.), da determinação do índice de ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBA) e da avaliação da cor do hambúrguer pelo sistema CIE-L*a*b*. Os ensaios de DPPH e ORAC comprovaram a atividade antioxidante do extrato de hambúrguer de pata-roxa (metanol, 12h) com 79,5% de redução do DPPH e 8603,01μmol ET/100g para amostras sem tratamento térmico, e 87,4% de redução do DPPH e 2567,27μmol ET/100g para amostras com tratamento térmico. Quanto ao conteúdo fenólico, os extratos (metanol, 12h) revelaram 17,13mg EAG/100g do hambúrguer cru e 31,81mg EAG/100g do hambúrguer cozinhado. A extração de 24 horas não aumentou a quantidade de compostos fitoquímicos presentes no extrato. O hambúrguer apenas revelou ainda um potencial citotóxico in vitro relevante na linha celular MCF-7 (1mg/mL, 24h).Apesar do abuso observado na temperatura de armazenamento em refrigeração (temperatura média de 10,3ºC), o hambúrguer de pata-roxa cru, quando submetido ao embalamento a vácuo, apresentou um aumento no período de vida útil de prateleira de 4 dias relativamente à pata-roxa. Foi detetada a presença de esporos de Clostridium sulfito-redutores e 1,0x101ufc E. coli por 1g de hambúrguer de pata-roxa. Não foi detetada a presença de Salmonella spp. O índice de TBA manteve-se estável, mas o hambúrguer de pata-roxa sofreu uma perda na vivacidade (Cab) e na tonalidade (hab) da cor ao fim de 6 dias em refrigeração. É necessário continuar o estudo para melhorar o novo produto alimentar funcional, mas o presente trabalho permitiu concluir que o hambúrguer de pata-roxa reúne as condições para ter um elevado potencial antioxidante, apresentar maior estabilidade em armazenamento e, em simultâneo, constituir uma solução para o desperdício de pescado.

Volviendo a comer en casa : Crisis y nuevas políticas sociales de fortalecimiento familiar y nutricional

La reciente crisis en la Argentina no sólo puso de manifiesto un deterioro macroeconómico de magnitud, sino que además trajo aparejado el incremento de personas que padecen hambre y la profundización de los problemas socioeconómicos y nutricionales de los estratos en situación de pobreza. Bahía Blanca no estuvo ajena a esta situación, por lo que surgieron numerosos comedores comunitarios con el fin de dar una respuesta inmediata a esta problemática. Pasado el momento más álgido de la crisis, el Gobierno Municipal de Bahía Blanca puso en marcha el programa "Volviendo a casa". Este trabajo tiene como propósito no sólo presentar el programa "Volviendo a casa" como una política pública innovadora, sino también exponer su metodología de evaluación. La propuesta de este programa se basa en la asignación directa a las familias de mayor vulnerabilidad de módulos alimentarios (víveres frescos y secos), kits de limpieza, mobiliario elemental, entre otras cosas. En forma paralela, se realizan educación alimentaria y talleres de fortalecimiento familiar, con el objetivo de reestablecer sus derechos y mejorar el nivel nutricional de los individuos y sus vínculos familiares. La evaluación se desarrollará en forma conjunta entre el Gobierno Municipal y la Universidad Nacional del Sur. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria descriptiva que a través de técnicas cualitativas (grupos focales) revelará la sustentabilidad del programa. En la sección 1 presentamos la metodología cualitativa como una vía de evaluación de programas. En la sección 2 se describe cómo se desarrolló la crisis en Bahía Blanca y a continuación se presenta el Programa "Volviendo a Casa". En la sección 4 se exponen los resultados preliminares de la primera actividad evaluativa del Programa desarrollada. Por último, en las consideraciones finales se vierten las primeras ideas sobre algunos de los aspectos principales del programa

Estilo de vida de niños de la Ciudad de La Plata : Estado nutricional y niveles de actividad física

Introducción. Los hábitos y estilos de vida caracterizan el perfil de riesgo para las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Una forma costo-efectiva de prevenir este aumento es mediante la adopción de un estilo de vida saludable. Conocer los hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física de una población permite tomar decisiones y trazar políticas de promoción de salud, y también desarrollar programas educativos dirigidos a fomentar conductas activas y saludables. Material y método. Población 152 niños entre 6 y 9 años de edad. Encuesta sobre hábitos y estilos de vida respondida por padres, con énfasis en consumo de frutas y verduras, consumo de azúcar y aceites. Variables antropométricas: peso y talla. Se calculó índice de masa corporal y se estableció el estado nutricional. Se preguntó sobre actividad física extraescolar, frecuencia y tiempo semanal dedicado a la práctica. El tratamiento estadístico determinó medias y prueba de chi cuadrado. Resultados. Peso 27.8kg±5.8, talla 125.4cm±7.2, IMC 17.5±2.4. Sobrepeso 25.9 y obesidad 9.9. 73.8 realizan actividad física extraescolar, el 45.8 mira más de 90 minutos de TV diariamente. Conclusiones. El nivel de estudios de la madre se relacionó positivamente con los hábitos y estilos de vida saludables de los niños

Volviendo a comer en casa : Crisis y nuevas políticas sociales de fortalecimiento familiar y nutricional

La reciente crisis en la Argentina no sólo puso de manifiesto un deterioro macroeconómico de magnitud, sino que además trajo aparejado el incremento de personas que padecen hambre y la profundización de los problemas socioeconómicos y nutricionales de los estratos en situación de pobreza. Bahía Blanca no estuvo ajena a esta situación, por lo que surgieron numerosos comedores comunitarios con el fin de dar una respuesta inmediata a esta problemática. Pasado el momento más álgido de la crisis, el Gobierno Municipal de Bahía Blanca puso en marcha el programa "Volviendo a casa". Este trabajo tiene como propósito no sólo presentar el programa "Volviendo a casa" como una política pública innovadora, sino también exponer su metodología de evaluación. La propuesta de este programa se basa en la asignación directa a las familias de mayor vulnerabilidad de módulos alimentarios (víveres frescos y secos), kits de limpieza, mobiliario elemental, entre otras cosas. En forma paralela, se realizan educación alimentaria y talleres de fortalecimiento familiar, con el objetivo de reestablecer sus derechos y mejorar el nivel nutricional de los individuos y sus vínculos familiares. La evaluación se desarrollará en forma conjunta entre el Gobierno Municipal y la Universidad Nacional del Sur. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria descriptiva que a través de técnicas cualitativas (grupos focales) revelará la sustentabilidad del programa. En la sección 1 presentamos la metodología cualitativa como una vía de evaluación de programas. En la sección 2 se describe cómo se desarrolló la crisis en Bahía Blanca y a continuación se presenta el Programa "Volviendo a Casa". En la sección 4 se exponen los resultados preliminares de la primera actividad evaluativa del Programa desarrollada. Por último, en las consideraciones finales se vierten las primeras ideas sobre algunos de los aspectos principales del programa

Estilo de vida de niños de la Ciudad de La Plata : Estado nutricional y niveles de actividad física

Introducción. Los hábitos y estilos de vida caracterizan el perfil de riesgo para las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Una forma costo-efectiva de prevenir este aumento es mediante la adopción de un estilo de vida saludable. Conocer los hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física de una población permite tomar decisiones y trazar políticas de promoción de salud, y también desarrollar programas educativos dirigidos a fomentar conductas activas y saludables. Material y método. Población 152 niños entre 6 y 9 años de edad. Encuesta sobre hábitos y estilos de vida respondida por padres, con énfasis en consumo de frutas y verduras, consumo de azúcar y aceites. Variables antropométricas: peso y talla. Se calculó índice de masa corporal y se estableció el estado nutricional. Se preguntó sobre actividad física extraescolar, frecuencia y tiempo semanal dedicado a la práctica. El tratamiento estadístico determinó medias y prueba de chi cuadrado. Resultados. Peso 27.8kg±5.8, talla 125.4cm±7.2, IMC 17.5±2.4. Sobrepeso 25.9 y obesidad 9.9. 73.8 realizan actividad física extraescolar, el 45.8 mira más de 90 minutos de TV diariamente. Conclusiones. El nivel de estudios de la madre se relacionó positivamente con los hábitos y estilos de vida saludables de los niños

Volviendo a comer en casa : Crisis y nuevas políticas sociales de fortalecimiento familiar y nutricional

La reciente crisis en la Argentina no sólo puso de manifiesto un deterioro macroeconómico de magnitud, sino que además trajo aparejado el incremento de personas que padecen hambre y la profundización de los problemas socioeconómicos y nutricionales de los estratos en situación de pobreza. Bahía Blanca no estuvo ajena a esta situación, por lo que surgieron numerosos comedores comunitarios con el fin de dar una respuesta inmediata a esta problemática. Pasado el momento más álgido de la crisis, el Gobierno Municipal de Bahía Blanca puso en marcha el programa "Volviendo a casa". Este trabajo tiene como propósito no sólo presentar el programa "Volviendo a casa" como una política pública innovadora, sino también exponer su metodología de evaluación. La propuesta de este programa se basa en la asignación directa a las familias de mayor vulnerabilidad de módulos alimentarios (víveres frescos y secos), kits de limpieza, mobiliario elemental, entre otras cosas. En forma paralela, se realizan educación alimentaria y talleres de fortalecimiento familiar, con el objetivo de reestablecer sus derechos y mejorar el nivel nutricional de los individuos y sus vínculos familiares. La evaluación se desarrollará en forma conjunta entre el Gobierno Municipal y la Universidad Nacional del Sur. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria descriptiva que a través de técnicas cualitativas (grupos focales) revelará la sustentabilidad del programa. En la sección 1 presentamos la metodología cualitativa como una vía de evaluación de programas. En la sección 2 se describe cómo se desarrolló la crisis en Bahía Blanca y a continuación se presenta el Programa "Volviendo a Casa". En la sección 4 se exponen los resultados preliminares de la primera actividad evaluativa del Programa desarrollada. Por último, en las consideraciones finales se vierten las primeras ideas sobre algunos de los aspectos principales del programa

Estilo de vida de niños de la Ciudad de La Plata : Estado nutricional y niveles de actividad física

Introducción. Los hábitos y estilos de vida caracterizan el perfil de riesgo para las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Una forma costo-efectiva de prevenir este aumento es mediante la adopción de un estilo de vida saludable. Conocer los hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física de una población permite tomar decisiones y trazar políticas de promoción de salud, y también desarrollar programas educativos dirigidos a fomentar conductas activas y saludables. Material y método. Población 152 niños entre 6 y 9 años de edad. Encuesta sobre hábitos y estilos de vida respondida por padres, con énfasis en consumo de frutas y verduras, consumo de azúcar y aceites. Variables antropométricas: peso y talla. Se calculó índice de masa corporal y se estableció el estado nutricional. Se preguntó sobre actividad física extraescolar, frecuencia y tiempo semanal dedicado a la práctica. El tratamiento estadístico determinó medias y prueba de chi cuadrado. Resultados. Peso 27.8kg±5.8, talla 125.4cm±7.2, IMC 17.5±2.4. Sobrepeso 25.9 y obesidad 9.9. 73.8 realizan actividad física extraescolar, el 45.8 mira más de 90 minutos de TV diariamente. Conclusiones. El nivel de estudios de la madre se relacionó positivamente con los hábitos y estilos de vida saludables de los niños

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As crianças surdas, integradas num contexto educativo bilingue, aprendem a ler e a escrever numa língua oral-auditiva, língua com caraterísticas diferentes da língua que adquirem naturalmente que é visuo-espacial. A Língua Gestual Portuguesa é a língua materna dos surdos, constituindo-se a Língua Portuguesa, no modo oral e escrito, como a sua segunda língua. Face à escassez de instrumentos facilitadores do desenvolvimento das competências de leitura e escrita em crianças surdas, esta investigação visa avaliar a eficácia do programa de treino da competência lectoescrita para alunos surdos a frequentar o ensino bilingue – Programa PODER. O programa de intervenção concebido desenvolveu-se num processo de investigação-ação e foi aplicado a seis alunos surdos, a frequentar o 2.º ano de escolaridade do ensino básico, numa Escola de Referência para a Educação Bilingue de Alunos Surdos. As respostas obtidas, através de questionários aos alunos surdos (6), foram analisadas qualitativamente. Para medir o índice de legibilidade do texto e a facilidade de leitura, no Pré-teste e no Pós-teste de lectoescrita aplicado aos alunos surdos, utilizou-se o “Índice de Legibilidade de FleschKincaid Grade Level” e o “Índice de Facilidade de Leitura de Flesch” (ambos baseados no comprimento das palavras e das frases). Os resultados obtidos indicam que o Índice de Legibilidade fica situado entre 7,0 e 10,0, o recomendável e o Índice de Facilidade de Leitura enquadra-se no Nível A1 – Utilizador Básico. Os dados afiguram-se expressivos para a validação do programa de treino e prova da sua eficácia, no desenvolvimento da competência lectoescrita de alunos surdos integrados no ensino bilingue. Deste estudo, retiram-se implicações para a intervenção psicoeducacional da lectoescrita junto de alunos surdos que frequentam o ensino bilingue.