Movement of yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus Block 1790) and black grouper (Mycteroperca bonaci Poey 1860) in the northern Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary as determined by acoustic telemetry

We tagged a total of 14 yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus Bloch 1790) and black grouper (Mycteroperca bonaci Poey 1860) inside the Conch Reef Research Only Area (a no-take marine reserve) in the northern Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary in November 2001. Both species are heavily exploited in the region. Our objective was to characterize site fidelity and movement behavior along the reef tract to the north and south of the release point. Fishes were collected by baited hook and line from the surface, surgically-tagged with coded-acoustic transmitters, and returned to the reef by snorkelers. Tracking of fish movement behavior was conducted by five acoustic receivers deployed on the seafloor from Davis Reef in the south to Pickles Reef in the north. Fishes were tracked for up to eight months. Results indicated that the majority of signal detections for individual fish from both species were recorded at the two Conch Reef receivers. Limited movement from Conch Reef to Davis Reef was recorded, but no signal detections were recorded at the two sites to the north of Conch Reef. These results suggest that both species show site fidelity to Conch Reef. Future studies will seek to characterize this site fidelity with increased temporal and spatial resolution at Conch Reef. (PDF contains 25 pages.)

Modelo de canal para caracterizar la se��al dispersada por un parque e��lico en la banda UHF e influencia sobre la calidad de servicio de DVB-T

288 p. : il.

Sexual Reproduction and Early Development in the Estuarine Sea Anemone, Nematostella vectensis Stephenson, 1935

This dissertation: 1) determines the factor(s) responsible for spawning induction in NematosteJla vectensis; 2) isolates, describes, and documents the source of jelly from egg masses of N. vectensis; and 3) describes N. vectensis' early development. Namatostella vectensis were maintained on a 7-day mussel feeding/water change regime over 159 days. Within 36 hours of mussel feeding/water change. 69.1% of females and 78.5% of males spawned reliably. Through manipulation of feeding, water change, oxygen and nitrogenous waste concentrations, spawning induction was found to be triggered by the oxygen concentration associated with water change, and not by feeding. Ammonia, anemones' major waste product, inhibited this induction in a concentration-dependent manner. Female N. vectensis release eggs in a persistent jellied egg mass which is unique among the Actiniaria. The major component of this egg mass jelly was a positive periodic acid-Schiffs staining, 39.5-40.5 kD glycoprotein. Antibodies developed in rabbits against this glycoprotein bound to jelly of intact egg masses and to granules (~ 2.8 IJm in diameter) present in female anemone mesenteries and their associated filaments. Antibodies did not label male tissues. Nematostella vecfensis embryos underwent first karyokinesis -60 minutes following the addition of sperm to eggs. Second nuclear division took place, followed by first cleavage, 90-120 minutes later. Each of the 4 blastomeres that resulted from first cleavage contained a single nucleus. Arrangement of these blastomeres ranged from radial to pseudospiral. Embryonic development was both asynchronous and holoblastic. Following formation of the 4-cell stage, 71% of embryos proceeded to cleave again to form an 8-cell stage. In each of the remaining 29% of embryos, a fusion of from 2-4 blastomeres resulted in 4 possible patterns which had no affect on either cleavage interval timing or subsequent development. The fusion event was not due to ooplasmic segregation. Blastomeres isolated from 4-celled embryos were regulative and developed into normal planula larvae and juvenile anemones that were 1/4 the size of those that developed from intact 4-celled embryos. Embryos exhibiting the fusion phenomenon were examined at the fine structural level. The fusion phenomenon resulted in formation of a secondary syncytium and was not a mere compaction of blastomeres.

The Affects of acid mine drainage on the water quality, and benthic macroinvertebrate and fish population in streams in Maryland

The purpose of this study was to measure and evaluate relationships between populations of benthic macroinvertebrates and fish, as well as variations in water quality in streams affected by acid Mine drainage. (PDF contains 21 pages)

Optical Remote Sensing of Coastal Habitats, Moss Landing, California, 9-11 January, 2006: workshop proceedings

The Alliance for Coastal Technologies (ACT) Workshop on Optical Remote Sensing of Coastal Habitats was convened January 9-11, 2006 at Moss Landing Marine Laboratories in Moss Landing, California, sponsored by the ACT West Coast regional partnership comprised of the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories (MLML) and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI). The "Optical Remote Sensing of Coastal Habitats" (ORS) Workshop completes ACT'S Remote Sensing Technology series by building upon the success of ACT'S West Coast Regional Partner Workshop "Acoustic Remote Sensing Technologies for Coastal Imaging and Resource Assessment" (ACT 04-07). Drs. Paul Bissett of the Florida Environmental Research Institute (FERI) and Scott McClean of Satlantic, Inc. were the ORS workshop co-chairs. Invited participants were selected to provide a uniform representation of the academic researchers, private sector product developers, and existing and potential data product users from the resource management community to enable development of broad consensus opinions on the role of ORS technologies in coastal resource assessment and management. The workshop was organized to examine the current state of multi- and hyper-spectral imaging technologies with the intent to assess the current limits on their routine application for habitat classification and resource monitoring of coastal watersheds, nearshore shallow water environments, and adjacent optically deep waters. Breakout discussions focused on the capabilities, advantages ,and limitations of the different technologies (e.g., spectral & spatial resolution), as well as practical issues related to instrument and platform availability, reliability, hardware, software, and technical skill levels required to exploit the data products generated by these instruments. Specifically, the participants were charged to address the following: (1) Identify the types of ORS data products currently used for coastal resource assessment and how they can assist coastal managers in fulfilling their regulatory and management responsibilities; (2) Identify barriers and challenges to the application of ORS technologies in management and research activities; (3) Recommend a series of community actions to overcome identified barriers and challenges. Plenary presentations by Drs. Curtiss 0. Davis (Oregon State University) and Stephan Lataille (ITRES Research, Ltd.) provided background summaries on the varieties of ORS technologies available, deployment platform options, and tradeoffs for application of ORS data products with specific applications to the assessment of coastal zone water quality and habitat characterization. Dr. Jim Aiken (CASIX) described how multiscale ground-truth measurements were essential for developing robust assessment of modeled biogeochemical interpretations derived from optically based earth observation data sets. While continuing improvements in sensor spectral resolution, signal to noise and dynamic range coupled with sensor-integrated GPS, improved processing algorithms for georectification, and atmospheric correction have made ORS data products invaluable synoptic tools for oceanographic research, their adoption as management tools has lagged. Seth Blitch (Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve) described the obvious needs for, yet substantial challenges hindering the adoption of advanced spectroscopic imaging data products to supplement the current dominance of digital ortho-quad imagery by the resource management community, especially when they impinge on regulatory issues. (pdf contains 32 pages)

Socioeconomic impacts of National Parks: a case study from the North-east of England

[EN] Enforcement of rural policy measures within National Parks may have a particular importance as they may contribute to reach socioeconomic objectives devised for such areas. So this paper approaches as case study the application of a relevant rural development measure in the Northumberland National Park (NNP) ���England, North East��� over the period 2000-2008 in order to explore whether NNP makes any difference in terms of enforcing rural policy measures. The main research findings indicate that NNP may have some sort of positive impact on rural development, but support relying on tourism monoculture may be a background reason for undesired negative consequences.

Challenges in using science-based shoreline setbacks: Examples from South Carolina

Beachfront jurisdictional lines were established by the South Carolina Beachfront Management Act (SC Code ��48- 39-250 et seq.) in 1988 to regulate the new construction, repair, or reconstruction of buildings and erosion control structures along the state���s ocean shorelines. Building within the state���s beachfront ���setback area��� is allowed, but is subject to special regulations. For ���standard beaches��� (those not influenced by tidal inlets or associated shoals), a baseline is established at the crest of the primary oceanfront sand dune; for ���unstabilized inlet zones,��� the baseline is drawn at the most landward point of erosion during the past forty years. The parallel setback line is then established landward of the baseline a distance of forty times the long-term average annual erosion rate (not less than twenty feet from the baseline in stable or accreting areas). The positions of the baseline and setback line are updated every 8-10 years using the best available scientific and historical data, including aerial imagery, LiDAR, historical shorelines, beach profiles, and long-term erosion rates. One advantage of science-based setbacks is that, by using actual historical and current shoreline positions and beach profile data, they reflect the general erosion threat to beachfront structures. However, recent experiences with revising the baseline and setback line indicate that significant challenges and management implications also exist. (PDF contains 3 pages)

Cu2O substrates and epitaxial Cu2O/ZnO thin film hetero-structures for solar energy conversion

Future fossil fuel scarcity and environmental degradation have demonstrated the need for renewable, low-carbon sources of energy to power an increasingly industrialized world. Solar energy with its infinite supply makes it an extraordinary resource that should not go unused. However with current materials, adoption is limited by cost and so a paradigm shift must occur to get everyone on the same page embracing solar technology. Cuprous Oxide (Cu2O) is a promising earth abundant material that can be a great alternative to traditional thin-film photovoltaic materials like CIGS, CdTe, etc. We have prepared Cu2O bulk substrates by the thermal oxidation of copper foils as well Cu2O thin films deposited via plasma-assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy. From preliminary Hall measurements it was determined that Cu2O would need to be doped extrinsically. This was further confirmed by simulations of ZnO/Cu2O heterojunctions. A cyclic interdependence between, defect concentration, minority carrier lifetime, film thickness, and carrier concentration manifests itself a primary reason for why efficiencies greater than 4% has yet to be realized. Our growth methodology for our thin-film heterostructures allow precise control of the number of defects that incorporate into our film during both equilibrium and nonequilibrium growth. We also report process flow/device design/fabrication techniques in order to create a device. A typical device without any optimizations exhibited open-circuit voltages Voc, values in excess 500mV; nearly 18% greater than previous solid state devices.

Die Herings-Polarstamm-Theorie 250 Jahre alt - und aktuelle Bez��ge

250 years ago, in Hamburg a herring polar migration theory was published as part of the "Nachrichten von Island, Gr��nland und der Stra��e Davis" from the literary remains of the mayor Dr. Johann Anderson. Based on various sources and capable to answer to the herring questions of the time, this one-stock-migration theory became international hypothesis during the following tenth of years. It still is classified as remarkable because some actual ideas on herring migration were thought already 250 years ago. Abstract DE: In Hamburg wurde vor 250 Jahren eine Polarstamm-Theorie zur Heringswanderung als Teil der Nachrichten von Island, Gr��nland und der Strasse Davis aus dem Nachlass des B��rgermeisters Dr. Johann Anderson ver��ffentlicht. Aufbauend auf unterschiedliche Quellen und in der Lage, die damaligen Fragen um den Hering zu beantworten, wurde diese Ein-Stamm-Theorie zur heringswanderung ��ber Jahrzehnte internationale Lehrmeinung. Sie wird auch heute noch als bemerkenswert eingestuft. Denn sie enthielt vor 250 Jahren schon Gedankeng��nge, die noch aktuell sind.

Estimaci��n de concentraciones de radicales nitrato (NO . 3) e hidroxilo ( . OH) en la atm��sfera a partir de medidas de HCNM de alta resoluci��n temporal

[ES]Los radicales nitrato e hidroxilo son especies qu��micas implicadas en la contaminaci��n atmosf��rica. En el presente trabajo se ha tratado de estimar sus concentraciones empleando para ello medidas de las concentraciones de varios compuestos org��nicos vol��tiles registradas en el Parque Natural de Valderejo (Araba). La metodolog��a de c��lculo ya hab��a sido empleada anteriormente para el ��OH y es la primera vez que se ha aplicado a concentraciones de NO��3 en una zona rural. Las concentraciones de radical hidroxilo calculadas (6,02��106 - 8,06��106 molec. cm-3) concuerdan con las obtenidas en medidas y estudios anteriores. En el caso del radical nitrato, las concentraciones estimadas (2,13��1011 ��� 2,02��1012 molec. cm-3) son bastante superiores a las encontradas en la bibliograf��a, por lo que se ha concluido que esta t��cnica de medida no es v��lida para el c��lculo de NO��3 en una atm��sfera de fondo rural como Valderejo. Esta desviaci��n se debe probablemente a otros procesos no contemplados en la hip��tesis de c��lculo, por lo que se propone continuar con el estudio en este ��rea.

Estudio econ��mico-financiero del emplazamiento de un parque undimotriz en la costa del Pa��s Vasco

[ES]El proyecto consiste en el an��lisis econ��mico de un parque undimotriz en aquellos emplazamientos de la costa del Pa��s Vasco m��s susceptibles de ser aprovechados para la generaci��n de energ��a proveniente de las olas. Se seleccionar��n los dos emplazamientos que mejor recurso de olas disponen y se estudiar�� la rentabilidad del parque en dichas localizaciones, analizando aquellos factores que mayor influencia tienen en la rentabilidad, a fin de realizar una comparativa entre estos dos emplazamientos y seleccionar aquel que mayores ventajas presente.

Aizkorriko haitzuloetako saguzarren identifikazioa ultrasoinu-detektoreen bidez

Saguzarrak orden dibertsoa osatzen eta funtzio ekologiko garrantzitsua betetzen duten arren, hauetako asko galtzeko arriskuan daude. Animalia hauek ondo babestu ahal izateko, garrantzitsua da erabili ohi dituzten babeslekuak ezagutzea. Hau horrela, Aizkorri-Aratz Parke Naturaleko haitzuloetako saguzar dibertsitatea aztertu da denbora errealeko ultrasoinu detektoreen bidez, ager daitezkeen saguzar espezieak, koloniak eta babeslekuak identifikatzen saiatzeko. 18 haitzulotan ilunabarreko emergentziatan egindako laginketaren ondoren, lan honetan zazpi genero eta zazpi espezie identifikatu dira parkean, eta hauetako sei haitzuloetako espezieak dira. Saguzar-aktibitatea ikusi den arren, ez da inguru honetan saguzar-kolonia berri adierazgarririk aurkitu.

Aizkorrin, Altzania eta Iturrigorriko basoen egoera arteko konparaketa

Gaur egun, interes europarreko habitat guztiak mantentzera eta egoera hobera eramatera behartuta daude Europako estatu guztiak eta habitat hauen artean aurkitzen da pagadi azidofiloa. Lan honetan, Aizkorri-Aratz parke natural barruan aurkitzen diren bi pagadi azidofiloren kontserbazio egoera zein den jakin nahi da, kudeaketa egokirako proposamenak definitu ahal izateko. Basoetako bat Iturrigorrin aurkitzen da eta XX. mende erditik ez da egur ustiapenik eman, beste basoa berriz, Altzanian aurkitzen da eta gaur egun oraindik egurra ustiatzeko erabiltzen da. Bi pagadi hauen egoera zein den jakiteko, basoko egituraren karakterizazioa burutu da, bertan diametro ezberdineko eta usteldura maila ezberdineko zuhaitzak eta egur hila neurtu dira. Neurketak kontserbazio egoera onean aurkitzen den Bertizko pagadian eginikoekin alderatu dira. Emaitzak ikusi eta gero bi pagadien egoera Bertizko pagadiarenetik urrun dagoela ikusi da, Iturrigorriko emaitzak Altzaniakoen aldean hobeak diren arren. Beraz interes europarreko habitat honen kontserbazio-egoera hobetzeko, ustiaketa eten egin beharko litzateke Altzanian, eta Iturrigorri ustiatu gabe jarraitu.